Arch Linux 2015 Installation Guide

Arch Linux Installation Guide for General Computer Use.

 Download and prepare the installation media

• Download by torrent
• Direct download

• CD / DVD installation media

  Windows: You can use any of your liking, especially I leave you imgburn, a very complete and lightweight software,

 Gnu / Linux: they can use especially the one that comes with the graphical environments, among them are, Brasero, k3b, and Xfburn.

• USB installation medium

  Windows: they can use Universal USB Installer o LinuxLive USB Creatorboth are easy to use.

  Gnu / Linux: can use the command «dd«: Using the dd command.

 Initial system preparation

Boot Arch Linux (x86_64) - 64 bits

Once inside we will be at the prompt root.

The first thing we must do is establish the distribution of our keyboard.

 Spanish::

# loadkeys es

 Latin America:

# loadkeys la-latin1

» Example: Latin America

 Hard drive preparation

Arch Linux installation media includes the following partitioning tools: fdisk, gdisk, cfdisk, cgdisk, partitioned. In this case we use cfdisk

# cfdisk

Making city 4 partitions:

/ Boot: The partition contains the operating system kernel (which allows your system to boot) along with files used during the boot process. For most users, a boot partition of 100 - 150 Mb It's enough.

/ (root): This is where "/" (the root directory) is located. In this configuration, all files (except those stored in /boot) are on the root partition, so you want the minimum capacity to be no less than 10-15Gb.

/home: Where our personal settings, application settings (and your profiles in them), and traditionally our data (documents, photos, videos, etc.) will be stored, so it is recommended to assign the larger size.

Swap: This partition is necessary to manage the “virtual” memory that does not fit in our “physical” RAM and that we are not using at this moment.

On computers with RAM memory up to 1 Giga should be same SWAP as RAM.

Between 2 and 4 gigabytes, it should be the SWAP half the RAM.

With more than 4 gigabytes should not be exceeded the 2 Gigas of SWAP as much.

Using cfdisk We must create the chosen partitioning scheme, creating one partition at a time, with the sequence of commands: New »Primary | Logical »Size (in MB)» Beginning.

Two details to take into account:

• In the case of the partition chosen as Swap, go to the option "Type”And select 82 (linux-swap) of the list.
• In the case of the partition chosen as / Boot, select the option "Bootable"

In the end, you should have something as seen in the following image:

Once safe, we must choose the option "Write", And confirm by typing"Yes".

This procedure removes all previous content from the hard drive!

To get out of cfdisk, we choose “Quit".

sda1 =boot, sda2 =/, sda3 = man y sda4 =swap

 Formatting partitions

  En / Boot It will be used ext2:

# mkfs -t ext2 /giant/sda1

  En /, It will be used ext4:

# mkfs -t ext4 /giant/sda2

  En / Home, It will be used ext4:

# mkfs -t ext4 /giant/sda3

  En swap, It will be used mkswap:

# mkswap /giant/sda4

  We activate the partition (swap):

# swapon /giant/sda4

 Organization of partitions

  We mount the partition / (root) in / mnt:

# mount /giant/sda2 /mnt

  We create the directories of the other partitions:

# mkdir /mnt/boot
# mkdir /mnt/home

  We mount the corresponding partitions:

# mount /giant/sda1 /mnt/boot
# mount /giant/sda3 /mnt/home

 

Network connection verification

The network daemon dhcpcd it starts automatically at boot and tries to establish a wired connection (therefore we are already connected to the network).

   To connect to a wireless network:

# wifi-menu

  Check connection:

# ping -c 3www.google.com

» Example: Connection check.

 

System installation

We will use the installation script called pacstrap to install the system basis. Also, the package group base-devel should be installed if you later plan to compile software from AUR (what is recommended).

   We install the basic packages:

# pacstrap /mnt base base-devel

   In this case, we will install GRUB as a boot manager:

# pacstrap /mnt grub bios

   For a better support in Internet connections, we install NetworkManager:

# pacstrap /mnt network manager

  Add support to our Touchpad (in case you have a laptop).

# pacstrap /mnt xf86-input-synaptics

 Main configuration

  Generate the fstab file:

# genfstab -u -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

  Chroot and configure the base system:

# arch-chroot /mnt

  Set the hostname, for this we have to edit the / etc / hostname file:

# nano /etc/hostname

The file is empty, all we have to do is enter the name of our team.

» Example: Team name.

To exit, we press Ctrl + X, we save changes by pressing 'AND' & Enter.

  Establish hours in our area:

 Argentina:

# ln -s /usr/share/zone info/America/Buenos Aires /etc/local time

 Bolivia:

# ln -s /usr/share/zone info/America/Peace /etc/local time

 Chile:

# ln -s /usr/share/zone info/America/Santiago /etc/local time

 Colombia:

# ln -s /usr/share/zone info/America/Bogota /etc/local time

 Cuba:

# ln -s /usr/share/zone info/America/Havana /etc/local time

 Ecuador:

# ln -s /usr/share/zone info/America/Guayaquil /etc/local time

 El Salvador:

# ln -s /usr/share/zone info/America/The Savior /etc/local time

 .

# ln -s /usr/share/zone info/Europe/Madrid /etc/local time

 Guatemala:

# ln -s /usr/share/zone info/America/Guatemala /etc/local time

 Mexico:

# ln -s /usr/share/zone info/America/Mexico_City /etc/local time

 Nicaragua:

# ln -s /usr/share/zone info/posix/America/Managua /etc/local time

 Paraguay:

# ln -s /usr/share/zone info/posix/America/Asuncion /etc/local time

 Peru:

# ln -s /usr/share/zone info/America/Lima /etc/local time

 Dominican Republic:

# ln -s /usr/share/zone info/America/Santo Domingo /etc/local time

 Uruguay:

# ln -s /usr/share/zone info/America/Montevideo /etc/local time

 Venezuela:

# ln -s /usr/share/zone info/America/Caracas /etc/local time

» Example: Mexico

  Set location preferences:

# nano /etc/locale.conf

We put our location inside the file.

 Argentina:

LONG=is_AR.UTF-8

 Bolivia:

LONG=is_BO.UTF-8

 Chile:

LONG=is_CL.UTF-8

 Colombia:

LONG=is_CO.UTF-8

 Cuba:

LONG=is_CU.UTF-8

 Ecuador:

LONG=is_EC.UTF-8

 El Salvador:

LONG=is_SV.UTF-8

 .

LONG=is_ES.UTF-8

 Guatemala:

LONG=is_GT.UTF-8

 Mexico:

LONG=is_MX.UTF-8

 Nicaragua:

LONG=is_NI.UTF-8

 Paraguay:

LONG=is_PY.UTF-8

 Peru:

LONG=is_PE.UTF-8

 Dominican Republic:

LONG=is_DO.UTF-8

 Uruguay:

LONG=is_UY.UTF-8

 Venezuela:

LONG=is_VE.UTF-8

» Example: Mexico

To exit, we press Ctrl + X, we save changes by pressing 'AND' & Enter.

  Activate our location:

In the /etc/locale.gen file, the locations are disabled by default, we must delete the “#”At the beginning of the line of our location to activate it.

# nano /etc/locale.gen

» Example: Mexico

To exit, we press Ctrl + X, we save changes by pressing 'AND' & Enter.

  Generate location:

# locale-gen

» Example: Mexico

  Set the layout of our keyboard:

We create the file /etc/vconsole.conf

# nano /etc/vconsole.conf

once inside we place our keyboard layout.

   Spanish::

KEYMAP=es

  Latin America:

KEYMAP=la-latin1

» Example: Latin America

To exit, we press Ctrl + X, we save changes by pressing 'AND' & Enter.

  Grub Installation:

# grub-install /giant/sDA

  We create the grub.cfg file:

# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

   Generate ramdisk:

# mkinitcpio -p linux

  Set password root:

# Passwd

   CLOSE chroot:

# exit

  Unmount partitions:

# umount /mnt/{boot, home,}

  Restart system:

# reboot

With this we finish the ArchLinux installation!

Now we are missing Setup a few small details such as: Activate NetworkManager and Create our user with permissions of root (sweat).

Once our system is restarted we log in, as root.

 Activate Network Manager

   We run NetworkManager:

# systemctl start NetworkManager.service

   We activate NetworkManager:

# systemctl enable NetworkManager.service

Attention! It is important that the 'N'Y'M'(NetworkManager) are in uppercase.

 Create our user

Replace user by your username and only letters in lowercase.

   To create our user with their respective groups:

# useradd -m -g users -G audio,lp,optical,storage,video,wheel,games, ,scanner -s /bin/bash user

   Put password to our user:

# Passwd user

 Activate Wheel group

   We edit the / etc / sudoers file:

# nano /etc/sweats

   We remove the '#'at the beginning of the line:%wheel ALL = (ALL) ALL:

To exit, we press Ctrl + X, we save changes by pressing 'S ' & Enter.

   Restart computer:

# reboot

We log in with our user that we just created and update the system to check root permissions (sudo).

   To connect to a wireless network with Network Manager:

$ sudo nmcli dev wifi connect "SSID" password "password"

» Example: $ sudo nmcli dev wifi connect FROM LINUX password LINUX123

 We update the system:

$ sudo pacman -Syu

With this we finish the Arch Linux setup!

• Installation of Basic Graphical Environment (Xorg) and driver Of video.

• Installation of Gnome on Arch Linux.
• Installation of KDE on Arch Linux.
• Installation of Xfce on Arch Linux.
• Installation of Cinnamon on Arch Linux.
• Installation of open box on Arch Linux.

• Gregory Swords (You gespadas).

Please! send your problems / doubts in my email: arch-blog@riseup.net