While it is true that most of Our publications are usually informative (news) and technical (guides and tutorials) About the most diverse characters, situations, and programs in the world of the Linuxverse, from time to time, like yesterday, we make other types of publications, such as opinions and reflections. And since this usually revolves almost always around the world of software, from time to time, we talk about the world of hardware, since this is a fundamental part of all computing and information technology. A good example of this is when we publish a call "IT Reflection: Old and modern computers, and low and high resources". Therefore, today we bring you this publication related to Hardware, where we will mention in an educational and informative way the most diverse types of "Hardware Technologies, Both Modern and Legacy", which are still in force.
So, without further ado, we invite you to continue reading so that you know and then you can go deeper into Many of the old and current terms (concepts) that are used at the hardware level, which are important to know and master, regardless of the operating system you use or will use.
IT Reflection: Old and modern computers, and low and high resources
But, before starting to read this publication about the world of Hardware, where we will address the topic of the various "Hardware Technologies: Modern versus Old, Still Current", we recommend one previous related post with this scope, for further reading:
Without a doubt, this suggests that starting in 2024, we could be seeing the birth of a new, third generation of personal computers. With not just new technologies, but radical technologies that adapt profoundly to the latest technological changes. Therefore, we could be on the threshold of personal computers with hardware components or software modules based on current revolutionary technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence Chips and Neural Networks, and cards compatible with high-speed 5G and 6G wireless networks.
Hardware Technologies: Modern versus Old, Still Current
List of Modern and Legacy Hardware Technologies by Category
| TERM | ANTIGUA | Modern | MEANING | TRANSLATION | AMBIT |
| MB | Mother Board | Motherboard | Base Plate | ||
| BIOS | X | Basic Input / Output System | Basic Entry / Exit System | Crisps | |
| UEFI | X | Unified Extensible Firmware Interface | Unified Extensible Firmware Interface | Crisps | |
| TPM | X | Trusted Platform Module | Secure Platform Module | Crisps | |
| CS | ChipSet of the Processor: NorthBridge & SouthBridge | Processor Chipset: Northbridge and Southbridge | Crisps | ||
| ISA | Instruction Set Architecture | Architecture Instruction Set | Processor | ||
| SPARC | X | Scalable Processor Architecture: Sun Microsystems (Oracle) | Scalable Processor Architecture: Sun Microsystems (Oracle) | Processor | |
| PPC | X | Power PC: IBM, Motorola and Apple | Powerful PC: IBM, Motorola and Apple | Processor | |
| MIPS | X | Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages | Microprocessor without Interlocking Pipeline Stages | Processor | |
| CISC | X | Complex Instruction Set Computing: x86 and x86-64 (AMD64) | Complex Computer Instruction Set: x86 and x86-64 (AMD64) | Processor | |
| RISC | X | Reduced Instruction Set Computing: ARM | Reduced Instruction Set Computer | Processor | |
| RISC-V | X | Reduced Instruction Set Computing – 5 Gen: Open Source | Reduced Instruction Set Computer – 5th Gen – Open Source | Processor | |
| EPIC | X | Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing | Computing with Explicitly Parallel Instructions | Processor | |
| CPU | X | Central Processing Unit | Central processing unit | Processor | |
| GPU | X | Graphics Processing Unit | Graphic Processing Unit | Processor | |
| NPU | X | Neural Processing Unit | Neural Processing Unit | Processor | |
| TPU | X | Tensor Processing Unit | Tensor Processing Unit | Processor | |
| BPUs | X | Biological Processing Unit (Neuromorphic) | Biological Processing Unit (Neuromorphic) | Processor | |
| QPU | X | Quantum Processing Unit | Quantum Processing Unit | Processor | |
| CORES | Cores: Independent and complete processing units. | Cores: Complete, independent processing units. | Processor | ||
| SINGLE CORE | X | 1 Core | 1 Core | Processor | |
| MULTI CORE | X | 2, 4, 6, 8, 16 and 32 Cores | 2, 4, 6, 8, 16 and 32 Cores | Processor | |
| THREADS | X | Simultaneous instruction execution flows in a processor | Simultaneous instruction execution flows in a processor | Processor | |
| CACHE | X | high-speed memory integrated directly into the processor chip | High-speed memory integrated directly into the processor chip | Processor | |
| CACHE: L1, L2, L3 | X | The higher the level, the larger and slower they are, and they serve more cores. | The higher the level, the larger and slower they are, and they serve more cores. | Processor | |
| SCCI | X | Small Computer System Interface | System Interface for Small Computers | HDD | |
| IDE | X | Integrated Drive Electronics | Integrated Electronic Unit | HDD | |
| HOOF | X | Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment | Advanced Parallel Coupling Technology | HDD | |
| AHCI | X | Advanced Host Controller Interface | Advanced Disk Controller Interface | HDD | |
| SATA | X | Serial Advanced Technology Attachment | Advanced Series Coupling Technology | HDD | |
| SSD | X | Solid State Drive | Solid state drive | HDD | |
| SSD M.2 | X | Solid State Drive – 2nd Generation Module | Solid State Drive – 2nd Generation Module | HDD | |
| NVMe | X | NVM Express | Non-Volatile Memory Express | HDD | |
| MBR | X | Master Boot Record | Master Boot Record | HDD | |
| GPT | X | GUID Partition Table | GUID partition table | HDD | |
| ROM | Read-Only Memory | Memory of only reading | Annual reports | ||
| PROM | Programmable Read-Only Memory | Programmable Read Only Memory | Annual reports | ||
| EPROM | Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory | Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory | Annual reports | ||
| EEPROM | Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory | Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory | Annual reports | ||
| RAM | random access memory | Random access memory | Annual reports | ||
| DRAM | X | Dynamic random access memory | Dynamic Random Access Memory | Annual reports | |
| SRAM | Static Random Access Memory | Static Random Access Memory | Annual reports | ||
| SDRAM | X | Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory | Dynamic Synchronous Random Access Memory | Annual reports | |
| DDR SDRAM | X | Double Data Rate SDRAM | Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory | Annual reports | |
| SIMM | X | Single In-line Memory Module | Single In-Line Memory Module | Annual reports | |
| DIMM | X | Dual In-line Memory Module | Dual In-Line Memory Module | Annual reports | |
| SO-DIMM | X | Small Outline Dual In-Line Memory Module | Small Outline Dual In-Line Memory Module | Annual reports | |
| Rimm | X | Rambus In-line Memory Module | RAMBUS In-Line Memory Module | Annual reports | |
| VGA | X | Video Graphics Array | Video graphics fix | Video | |
| DVI | X | Digital Visual Interface | Digital Visual Interface | Video | |
| HDMI | X | HDMI | High Definition Multimedia Interface | Video | |
| DP | X | Display port | display port | Video | |
| SERIAL / COM | X | Serial / Communication Port | Serial / Communications Port | Ports | |
| PARALLEL / LPT | X | Parallel/Line Print Terminal | Parallel / Print Line Terminal | Ports | |
| PS/2 (Mini-DIN) | X | Personal System / 2 | Personal System / 2 | Ports | |
| DIN (Port/Connector) | X | Deutsches Institut für Normung (Port / Connector) | German Standards Institute (Port/Connector) | Ports | |
| GP | X | Game Port | Game Port | Ports | |
| MIDI | X | Musical Instrument Digital Interface | Digital Interface for Musical Instruments | Ports | |
| RCA | X | Radio Corporation of America | Radio Corporation of America | Ports | |
| S-Video | X | Separate Video | Separate Video | Ports | |
| FireWire | X | High-speed serial data transfer port | High-speed serial data transfer port | Ports | |
| Thunderbolt | X | High-speed port for data, video, and even power transfer. | High-speed port for data, video, and even power transfer. | Ports | |
| e-SATA | X | External port for external SATA hard drives | External port for external SATA hard drives | Ports | |
| Ethernet (RG-8 / RG-58) | X | Port for coaxial cables that used BNC connectors | Port for coaxial cables that used BNC connectors | Ports | |
| Ethernet (RJ-45) | X | Port for network cables (4 pairs) Ethernet. | Port for network cables (4 pairs) Ethernet. | Ports | |
| Telephony (RJ-9/RJ-11) | Port for telephone cables (2 wires). | Port for telephone cables (2 wires). | Ports | ||
| USB | X | Universal Serial Bus | Universal Serial Bus | Ports | |
| ISA | X | Industry Standard Architecture | Industry standard architecture | Grooves | |
| EISA | X | Extended Industry Standard Architecture | Extended industry standard architecture | Grooves | |
| MCA | X | Micro Channel Architecture | Micro Canal Architecture | Grooves | |
| VESA LOCAL BUS | X | High-speed bus directly connected to the processor's memory bus | High-speed bus directly connected to the processor's memory bus | Grooves | |
| AGP | X | Accelerated Graphics Port | Accelerated Graphics Port | Grooves | |
| PCI | X | Peripheral Component Interconnect | Interconnection of peripheral components | Grooves | |
| PCI-e | X | Peripheral Component Interconnect Express | Express peripheral component interconnection | Grooves | |
| BY BUS | Communication system that transfers data between components | Communication system that transfers data between components | Grooves | ||
| SOCKET | Physical connector on a motherboard for connecting components. | Physical connector on a motherboard for connecting components. | Grooves | ||
| AT | X | advanced technology | Advanced technology | Power supply | |
| ATX | X | Advanced Technology Extended | Extended Advanced Technology | Power supply | |
| MOLEX | X | Old electrical connector that provides power to components. | Old electrical connector that provides power to components. | Connectors | |
| SATA POWER | X | Modern electrical connector that provides power to components. | Modern electrical connector that provides power to components. | Connectors | |
| CLI | Command Line Interface | Command Line Interface | Interfaces | ||
| GUI | Graphic User Interface | Graphical User Interface | Interfaces |
Other relevant technological data on hardware and software technologies
Intel processors
- Older Generations (32 Bits): 286, 386, 486, 586, 686, Pentium I, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium IV
- Relatively modern generations (64 Bits): Pentium Duo, Pentium 2 Duo and Pentium 4 Duo.
- Modern Generations (64 Bit): Core I3, I5, I7 and I9.
AMD processors
- Older Generations (32 Bits): K6, K6-I, K6-II, Athlon, Duron and XP.
- Relatively modern generations (64 Bits): Athlon 64 and Athlon 64 X2.
- Modern Generations (64 Bit): Ryzen 3, 5, 7, and 9.
Intel CPU sockets
- Older generations: Socket 5, Socket 7, Slot 1 and Slot 8.
- Modern generations: 478 and 775.
AMD CPU sockets
- Older generations: 7, Super 7 and Slot A.
- Modern generations: 462 and 939.
RAM memories
- Older generations: SIMM, RIMM, DIMM 1, DIMM 2 and DIMM 3.
- Modern generations: DIMM 4 and DIMM 5.
Microsoft Windows (Versions)
- Older Generations (32 Bits): 1.0 (1985), 2.0 (1987), 2.1x (1988), 3.0 (1990), 3.1 (1992), 3.11 (1993), NT 3.1 (1993), NT 3.5 (1994), NT 3.51 (1995), 95 (1995), NT 4.0 (1996), 98 (1998), 98 Second Edition (1999), 2000 (2000), Millennium Edition (Me) (2000).
- Relatively modern generations (32/64 Bits): XP (2001), Server 2003 (2003), XP Professional x64 Edition (2005), Vista (2007), Server 2008 (2008), 7 (2009), Server 2008 R2 (2009), 8 (2012), Server 2012 (2012), 8.1 (2013), Server 2012 R2 (2013), 10 (2015), Server 2016 (2016), Server 2019 (2018).
- Modern Generations (64 Bit): 11 (2021).
Microsoft Office (Versions)
- Older Generations (32 Bits): 1.0 for Windows (1990), 1.0 for Macintosh (1990), 1.5 for Windows (1991), 1.6 for Windows (1991), 3.0 (1992), 4.0 (1994), 4.2 (1994), 4.3 (1994), 95 (1995), 97 (1996), 98 Macintosh Edition (1998), and 2000 (1999).
- Relatively modern generations (32/64 Bits): XP (2001), 2003 (2003), 2004 for Mac (2004), 2007 (2007), 2008 for Mac (2008), 2010 (2010), Mac 2011 (2010), 2013 (2013), Mac 2016 (2015), 2016 (2015), 2019 (2018), 2021 (2021), Office LTSC 2021 (2021).
- Relatively modern generations (64 Bits): Office LTSC 2024 (2024) and Office 365 (Desktop and Online).
LibreOffice (Versions)
- Previous: 3.x (2011-2012), 4.x (2013-2015), 5.x (2015-2017), 6.x (2018-2020).
- Current: 7.x (2021-2025).
Summary
In short, we are sure that this small compendium of terms (concepts) related to some of the best known and used "Modern and Legacy Hardware Technologies Still Relevant" They will be very useful to some. Especially to those belonging to the new generations who are in the midst of their professional and technological training, that is, students and pupils in the areas of Information Technology and ComputingAnd if you think we've missed something important to include or correct, we invite you to mention it via comments, for everyone's benefit and interest.
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