Post Installation Guide DEBIAN 8/9 - 2016 - Part I

In this opportunity we will talk about some essential steps that we can all take after install a GNU Linux DEBIAN distribution in its version 8 Jessie (Stable) or 9 Stretch (Testing), or one based on it.

Recommendation: When executing these steps, I carefully watched the console messages, and be especially careful to accept those that indicate packages will be removed ...«.

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STEP 0: INITIATE OPERATING SYSTEM AND ROOT TERMINAL

STEP 1: PERFORM BASIC NETWORK CONFIGURATIONS

STEP 1.1 OPTIMIZE NETWORK MANAGER AND NETWORK INTERFACE

• Setup Network Manager:

nano /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

• Change the word «false" by "true«
• Save changes
• Restart the service:

service network-manager restart

• Setup Network interface:

nano /etc/network/interfaces

• Change the current configuration to the new one:

NUEVA POR DHCP
============

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
#iface eth0 inet dhcp

Note: The last line is commented since if it has the Network Manager activated (true) this will perform the management DHCP. Uncomment in case you disable (false) or do not have the Network Manager.

NUEVA POR STATIC
=============

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
#iface eth0 inet dhcp
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.XXX
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.1.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255
gateway 192.168.1.1

dns-nameservers 192.168.1.1
dns-search tu_dominio.com

• Restart the service:

service networking restart

Note: If you have the Network Manager installed and activated can perform management DHCP via graphics.

STEP 1.2 CONFIGURE THE TEAM DOMAIN

• Edit the file resolve.conf:

cat /etc/resolv.conf

- Add the following content by setting your network parameters: # Generated by NetworkManager search your_domain.com nameserver 192.168.1.1

STEP 1.3 CONFIGURE THE SYSTEM PROXY AND WEB BROWSER

Note: Perform this step in case your computer is in an Infrastructure with Proxy (Not Transparent) to Surf the Internet.

USER MENU -> CONTROL PANEL BUTTON (SYSTEM PREFERENCES) WITH NUT SYMBOL WITH SCREWDRIVER -> "NETWORK" OPTION -> "NETWORK PROXY" OPTION -> MANUAL OPTION -> MAKE THE NECESSARY CHANGES.

BROWSER BASED ON «FIREFOX» LIKE «ICEWEASEL» -> PREFERENCES -> ADVANCED -> NETWORK -> CONFIGURATION -> MANUAL PROXY CONFIGURATION

1.4 OPTIMIZE THE SOURCES.LIST

• Edit and add the appropriate content:

nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Note: If you are a user of medium or advanced knowledge, I recommend implementing all the lines of the DEBIAN native repositories, but if you are a novice or basic knowledge user, I recommend only using the first 3 lines of said official Repositories for a while to go assimilating knowledge. That is, comment out the lines belonging to "Jessie-backports" y "Deb-multimedia.org", for stability and security reasons.

#####################################################
# REPOSITORIOS OFICIALES DE LINUX DEBIAN 8 (JESSIE)
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/ jessie/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ jessie-backports main contrib non-free
deb http://www.deb-multimedia.org jessie main non-free
# aptitude install deb-multimedia-keyring
#
#####################################################

#####################################################
# REPOSITORIOS OFICIALES DE LINUX DEBIAN 9 (STRETCH)
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/ stretch/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://www.deb-multimedia.org stretch main non-free
# aptitude install deb-multimedia-keyring
#
#####################################################

#####################################################
# REPOSITORIOS OFICIALES PARA ICEWEASEL
deb http://mozilla.debian.net/ jessie-backports iceweasel-release
# aptitude install pkg-mozilla-archive-keyring
#
#####################################################

#####################################################
# REPOSITORIOS OFICIALES PARA GOOGLE CHROME - TALKPLUGIN - GOOGLE EARTH
deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main
deb http://dl.google.com/linux/talkplugin/deb/ stable main
# deb http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb/ stable main
# wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add -
#
#####################################################

Note: Google Earth it is only for 32 Bit distributions

#####################################################
# REPOSITORIOS OFICIALES PARA VIRTUALBOX
deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian jessie contrib
# wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
# #####################################################

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STEP 2: CONFIGURE PROXY (TEMPORARILY) IN CONSOLE / TERMINAL

Note: Skip this step if you do not have a proxy or it is configured transparently in your Company or Organization. Or if your repositories are local (internal).

• Run:

export http_proxy=http://ip_proxy:puerto_proxy

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STEP 3: PERFORM SYSTEM MAINTENANCE AND UPDATE

STEP 3.1 MAINTENANCE AND BASIC UPDATE

• Run:

apt-get update / apt update

Note 1: If when performing «apt-get update / apt update»The system tells you:

E: Could not lock / var / lib / dpkg / lock open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable),

E: Could not lock the admin directory (/ var / lib / dpkg /), maybe there is some other process using it?

W: The vault file could not be locked. This usually means that dpkg or another apt tool is installing packages. It will open in read-only mode, all changes you make to the state of the packages will be LOST!

Run:

rm -f /var/lib/apt/lists/lock

To be able to carry out any activity in the terminal. If the message persists, close the user session and restart the Operating System to start the user session again.

Note 2: Remember that in terms of security, the DEBIAN Multimedia Repositories are not very reliable or trustworthy, in addition, when mixed with those of DEBIAN 8, they ask to remove some packages or libraries from it to replace them with their own. I personally have not had problems with it, but the warning is not too much!

Note 3: If your Distro (Distribution) DEBIAN or based on DEBIAN does not bring the package «aptitude»By default installed, proceed to install it with:

apt-get install aptitude

I continued with the installation of the keys of all the inserted extra repositories:

aptitude install pkg-mozilla-archive-keyring

aptitude install deb-multimedia-keyring

wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add -

Note: In case the Google repository key is not installed due to connectivity problems (proxy) to the Internet from an institutional network (internal), execute the following command directly so that the keys of this repository are installed:

aptitude install google-chrome-stable google-talkplugin

and then comment / delete the external repositories (duplicates or not) from Google if necessary so that it does not report duplication of Repositories:

rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google*

Then proceed with updating the package lists from the repositories again:

aptitude update / apt-get update / apt update

Note: You can see what will be updated with:

apt list --upgradable

Then perform a safe update of the new packages available:

aptitude upgrade / aptitude safe-upgrade / apt-get upgrade / apt upgrade 

Note: Only if you are an Advanced user or an experienced Technician do:

aptitude full-upgrade / apt-get dist-upgrade / apt full-upgrade

I continued to solve any existing package problems in the Operating System:

aptitude install -f / apt-get install -f / apt install -f
dpkg --configure -a

STEP 3.1 PERFORM MAINTENANCE MAINTENANCE

• Install:

aptitude install localepurge

- Run:

localepurge update-grub; update-grub2; aptitude clean; aptitude autoclean; aptitude remove; aptitude purge

STEP 3.2  PERFORM ADVANCED MAINTENANCE AND UPDATE

• Run:

aptitude install deborphan
aptitude remove --purge `deborphan --guess-all`
aptitude remove --purge `deborphan --libdev`
dpkg --purge $(deborphan --find-config)
aptitude install preload
aptitude install prelink
nano /etc/default/prelink
Sustituir PRELINKING=unknown por PRELINKING=yes
prelink -all

STEP 3.3 REBOOT THE SYSTEM AND EXPERIENCE THE CHANGES
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