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A'a, ba sune ginshiƙan da lissafi ya dogara da su ba a yau. Su ginshiƙai ne wanda a fahimtata da fahimtata ya kamata ya dogara da su, Tabbas, wannan mahawara ce ta yadu. Wannan shine ainihin ra'ayin. Bar ku da tunani kuma ku raba ra'ayin ku tare da mu. 🙂 |
Samun damar kyauta
Abinda ake kira samun dama kyauta (a cikin Ingilishi, bude hanya) shine kyauta, kai tsaye, da kuma rashin iyakance ga kayan dijital na ilimi da ilimi, galibi abubuwan bincike na kimiyya daga wasu mujallu na musamman tare da nazarin takwarorinsu ('takwarorina').
Wannan yana nufin cewa kowane mai amfani zai iya karantawa, ya zazzage, ya kwafa, ya rarraba, ya buga, ya nema ko kuma ya danganta cikakken rubutun labarin kimiyya, sannan yayi amfani da su ba tare da wasu shingaye na tattalin arziki, doka ko fasaha ba kamar wadanda ita kanta Intanet din take gabatarwa. A sakamakon haka, marubutan waɗannan ayyukan na iya tallata abubuwan da suka gano sosai, tare da haɓaka ganuwa da farin jini, gami da yawan ambato ga ayyukansu.
A takaice dai, samun dama kyauta ce kuma budaddiyar hanya ce ta samun damar adabin ilimi da kimiyya. Har ila yau, ya faɗaɗa zuwa wasu abubuwan dijital waɗanda marubutan ke so su ba da dama ga masu amfani da intanet.
Duk da cewa gaskiya ne cewa babu wani abu kamar '' bayani kyauta ko ilimi '', tunda akwai tsada a cikin abubuwan da ake kerawa, fitowar sabbin fasahohi ya sanya hada shi da kuma rarraba shi ya zama mai tattalin arziki (ko kayan ilimi ne). , ilimi, kimiyya ko na kowane yanayi). A saboda wannan dalili, waɗanda ke kare damar kyauta ga dukkan bil'adama ba tare da takurawa ba, suna jayayya cewa wannan zai yiwu ne kawai saboda bayyanar Intanet, wanda ke ba da damar samun bayanai a ainihin lokacin ba tare da tsada ba.
Aƙarshe, batun samun damar samun bayanai kyauta zai iya amfani da sauran al'amuran rayuwa, kamar bayanan da hukumomin gwamnati suka samar, kamfanonin sabis na jama'a, da sauransu
Amma, ba zai yuwu a aiwatar da ingantacciyar hanyar samun bayanai ba idan ba mu da matsayin kyauta.
Matsayi na kyauta
Lokacin da muke magana game da mizani, galibi muna magana ne kan tsari da / ko ladabi. A cikin kalmomin jumla, daidaitaccen buɗaɗɗen wadataccen fili ne don yin takamaiman aiki.
Dole ne aka haɓaka ƙididdigar a cikin tsarin buɗe wa ɗaukacin masana'antar kuma dole ne ya tabbatar da cewa kowa na iya amfani da shi ba tare da buƙatar biyan kuɗin masarauta ba ko gabatar da yanayi ga waninsa. Ta hanyar barin kowa ya samu kuma ya aiwatar da mizanin, zasu iya haɓaka da ba da damar jituwa da ma'amala tsakanin kayan aiki daban-daban da kayan aikin software, tunda duk wanda ke da ƙwarewar ilimin fasaha da kayan aiki na iya gina samfuran da ke aiki tare da na sauran dillalai, wanda raba daidaitattun a cikin tsarin ƙirar su.
Don haka menene mizani? Wasu mutane sun yi imanin cewa idan IETF ko W3C sun yarda da yarjejeniya ko tsari, daga nan ya zama daidai. Amma daidaitawa ba batun amincewa da hukuma bane; maimakon haka, tambaya ce ta karbuwa a cikin "al'umma." Menene al'umma? Hadadden haɗin yanar gizo na ayyuka, buƙatu, mutane da ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke haɓaka da amfani da waɗannan fasahohin. Akwai misalai da yawa na ƙa'idodin da waɗannan ƙungiyoyin ba su ƙirƙira su ba kuma waɗanda aka karɓa, saboda amfani da su da yawa, a matsayin mizani. Wasu daga cikinsu ma ba a buɗe suke ba (misali, tsarin DOC -MS Word- ko PPS-MS PowerPoint-). Hakanan, kodayake yawancin ayyukan software masu kyauta sun dogara da buɗaɗɗun ƙa'idodin (alal misali, Apache ya dogara da buɗe yarjejeniyar HTTP, Mozilla akan HTML / CSS / Javascript, Sendmail akan SMTP, da sauransu) akwai samfuran mallaka waɗanda suka dogara da waɗannan. Matsayi iri ɗaya (IIS, IE, Musayar).
Wannan yana nufin cewa gabatar da buɗaɗɗun ƙa'idodi ba lalle yana nufin kawar da kayan masarufi ba ne, kamar yadda yin amfani da ƙa'idodi na mallaka ba ya nufin, a cikin kansa, mutuwar ayyukan kyauta bisa ga waɗannan ƙa'idodin. Mun ga wannan a cikin ɗakunan ofis kamar Abiword ko OpenOffice: dukansu sun karanta kuma sun ba da izinin ƙirƙirar takardu a cikin tsarin Microsoft na DOC wanda aka rufe tare da takamaiman matakin daidaito. Har ila yau, muna ganin wannan a cikin saƙon nan take tare da abokan ciniki kamar Empathy ko Pidgin wanda ke ba masu amfani damar haɗi ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta Jabber (wanda yake yarjejeniya ce ta buɗe), da kuma ta hanyar "mallakar" abin da sauran abokan cinikin ke amfani da shi. saƙon (AIM, ICQ, MSN da Yahoo). A gefe guda kuma, mun ce ƙa'idodin da aka rufe ba dole ba ne suke nufin mutuwar ayyukan ayyukan software kyauta. Koyaya, yin amfani da ƙa'idodin buɗewa yana ba masu haɓaka software babbar 'yanci (tunda ba lallai bane su biya bashin lasisi don amfani da mizanin - ya kasance yarjejeniya ce, tsari, da sauransu) kuma baya iyakance damar su zuwa son zuciya, sha'awa da sha'awar mahaliccin waɗancan matsayin. Abun takaici, a wayancan lokuta, masu haɓaka ayyukan kyauta da ƙyar suke iya yin kwafin kirki kamar yadda zai yiwu na ayyuka da sifofin da shirye-shiryen "asali" ke bayarwa tare da tallafi ga waɗannan ƙa'idodin (ya faru da DOC, PPS da sauran wasu tsare-tsare da ladabi da yawa. ).
A gefe guda, ba wai kawai ba lallai ba ne cewa abin da waɗannan manyan ƙwayoyin halittar da ke haɗar da manyan kamfanoni a cikin kasuwa suka faɗa kai tsaye ya zama mizani, domin saboda wannan zai buƙaci karɓar al'umma, amma a wasu lokuta ma Yanayin 'daidaitaccen yanayin' ana iya tambayarsa tunda kamar kowane abu a rayuwa, duk yana sauka zuwa batun iko: manyan kamfanoni gabaɗaya sun fi son sarrafa ƙa'idodi (ko dai mallaka ko tasiri. kwayoyin halittarsu). Wannan shine dalilin da yasa suke "mamaye" waɗannan abubuwan da ake tsammani a buɗe suke, kamar IETF ko W3C, ko ƙungiyar MPEG ko Open Mobile Alliance. Akai-akai, matsayin da waɗannan ƙungiyoyin suka kirkira suna barin buƙatu da ra'ayoyin ƙananan kamfanoni ko ma mafi munin, na masu amfani na ƙarshe (ba daidai bane idan na faɗi hakan ma na Jihohin ne ko kuma na ƙananan Statesananan Jihohi? ).
free software
Free software (a cikin Turanci software kyauta, wannan sunan wani lokaci ana rikita shi da kyauta saboda ma'anar biyu ta Ingilishi kyauta a cikin Sifaniyanci) shine sunan software wanda ke girmama 'yancin masu amfani game da samfuran da suka siya kuma, don haka, a Da zarar an samu, ana iya amfani da shi kyauta, kwafa, nazari, canzawa da sake rarraba shi. A cewar Gidauniyar Free Software Foundation, manhaja kyauta na nufin ‘yancin masu amfani da shi wajen gudanar da aiki, kwafa, rarrabawa, nazari, gyara manhajoji, da kuma rarraba kayan da aka gyara.
Yawancin lokaci ana samun software ta kyauta kyauta, ko kuma farashin rarraba ta wasu hanyoyi; Koyaya, ba tilas bane wannan ya zama haka, saboda haka bai kamata a haɗa software ta kyauta tare da "software kyauta" (galibi ana kiranta freeware), tunda, yayin kiyaye halayen ta kyauta, ana iya rarraba ta ta hanyar kasuwanci ("software na kasuwanci"). Hakanan, "software kyauta" ko "kyauta" wani lokacin ya hada da lambar tushe; duk da haka, wannan nau'in software ba kyauta bane a cikin ma'anar kamar software ta kyauta, sai dai idan haƙƙin gyara da sake raba wannan juzu'in shirin ya tabbata.
Haka kuma bai kamata software na kyauta su rude da "software na yankin jama'a ba." Na karshen shine software wanda baya buƙatar lasisi, tunda haƙƙƙinsa na haƙƙin mallakan dukkan ɗan adam ne, saboda nasa na kowa daidai yake. Kowa na iya yin amfani da shi, koyaushe don dalilai na doka da kuma bayyana ainihin mawallafin sa. Wannan software zata kasance wacce marubucinta ya bayar da ita ga bil'adama ko kuma wanda haƙƙin mallakarsa ya ƙare, bayan wani lokaci daga mutuwar wannan, galibi shekaru 70. Idan marubuci ya sanya sharadin amfani da shi a ƙarƙashin lasisi, ko yaya rauni ya kasance, ba ya cikin yankin jama'a.
Don ƙarin bayani game da mahimmancin software kyauta Ina ba da shawarar waɗannan ƙarin bayanan: «Menene mai laushi. kyauta«,«Decalogue na laushi. kyauta a jihar«,«Me yasa laushi. kyauta yana da ma'ana«, Da sauran sakonni tare da alamar«software kyauta".
Free, jam'i da kuma bude al'umma
Matsakaici kyauta ko aikin software kyauta wanda hukuncin manyan kamfanoni ya mamaye shi ba shine ingantaccen yanayin ƙasa ba. Domin ya kasance da nasara sosai, ban da haɗuwa da canje-canje 3 da muka ambata a farkon (samun dama kyauta, ƙa'idodi kyauta da software kyauta), kasancewar buɗe gari yana da mahimmanci, wanda manya da ƙananan kamfanoni har ma da masu haɓaka masu zaman kansu zasu iya aiki tare. wasu ayyukan sirri da sauransu kyauta, da dai sauransu. Duk waɗannan aiwatarwar yakamata su ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar masu haɓakawa da masu amfani waɗanda zasu iya raba bayanai cikin sauƙi da koya daga juna.
Harshen Fuentes:
- Buɗe Tushen da Buɗe Ka'idoji
- wikipedia: free software, Bude matsayin,