Hanyoyi 5 don cire haɗin haɗi da haɗa na'urar USB ba tare da ɗauke hannayenka daga keyboard ba

A lokuta da yawa, lokacin da muke amfani da kwamfutarmu muna cire haɗin kebul na USB (lafiya, kamar yadda ya zama) kuma, nan da nan bayan haka, mun gane cewa mun manta da kwafin fayil ko kuma cewa dole ne mu tabbatar da cewa bayanai sun shiga sashin mu. Don waɗannan sharuɗɗan, yawanci yana da amfani sosai don kusan cire haɗin kebul ɗin USB lokacin da muke aiki daga nesa.

Bayan mun fitar da na'urar, bamu sake ganin ta ba a cikin jerin na'urorin mu, amma rumbun kwamfutar ko pendrive har yanzu ana haɗa ta tashar USB, kuma a yawancin rarrabawa a yau, bayan fitar da mashin ɗin lafiya, ba mu ga na'urar ba kuma Ba za mu iya yi ba Dutsen daga tashar mu. Mafita mafi sauri shine katse kebul din ka sake haɗa shi, a wasu lokuta, kodai saboda kasalar tashi ko kuma saboda muna samun damar shiga kwamfutar da bamu gabanta kuma babu kowa a kusa, ba zamu iya yi ba .

Bayani game da na'urorin USB

Kafin mu fara, bari mu ga yadda ake samun bayanai game da kebul na na'urorin da aka haɗa da tsarin. Don wannan, zamu iya amfani lsusb, wanda zai lissafa na'urorin da aka haɗa a yanzu. Na sanya misalan abin da na samu a kwamfutata a yanzu, amma wataƙila ya sha bamban da abin da kuka samu:

$ lsusb Bus 002 Na'ura 001: ID 1d6b: 0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 tushen cibiya Bus 001 Na'ura 006: ID 8087: 0a2a Intel Corp. Bus 001 Na'ura 007: ID 046d: c52b Logitech, Inc. Mai haɗawa Mai karɓar Motar 001 Na'urar 005: ID 1a40 : 0101 Terminus Technology Inc. Hub Bus 001 Na'ura 010: ID 125f: c93a A-DATA Technology Co., Ltd. 4GB Pen Drive Bus 001 Na'urar 003: ID 04f2: b424 Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd Bus 001 Na'ura 001: ID 1d6b : 0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 tushen cibiya

Idan muna son ƙarin bayani, zamu iya amfani da -t mai gyara wanda zai nuna mana fitarwa a cikin hanyar itace tare da bayani game da matakan:

$ lsusb -t /: Bus 02. Port 1: Dev 1, Class = root_hub, Direba = xhci_hcd / 8p, 5000M /: Bus 01. Port 1: Dev 1, Class = root_hub, Direba = xhci_hcd / 16p, 480M | __ Port 4: Dev 3, Idan 0, Class = Bidiyo, Direba = uvcvideo, 480M | __ Port 4: Dev 3, Idan 1, Class = Bidiyo, Direba = uvcvideo, 480M | __ Port 5: Dev 10, Idan 0, Class = Ma'ajin Adanawa, Direba = kebul-ajiya, 480M | __ Port 6: Dev 5, Idan 0, Class = Hub, Direba = hubba / 4p, 12M | __ Port 4: Dev 7, Idan 0, Class = Na'urar Ganin Mutum, Direba = usbhid, 12M | __ Port 4: Dev 7, Idan 1, Class = Na'urar Sasannin Mutum, Direba = usbhid, 12M | __ Port 4: Dev 7, Idan 2, Class = Na'urar Ganin Mutum, Direba = usbhid, 12M | __ Port 9: Dev 6, Idan 0, Class = Mara waya, Direba = btusb, 12M | __ Port 9: Dev 6, Idan 1, Class = Mara waya, Direba = btusb, 12M

Idan muna son ƙarin bayani da yawa, za mu iya amfani da su lsusb -v (fitowar tana da girma ƙwarai), kuma zamu iya, misali, iya sanin iyakar ƙarfin da aka kawo zuwa na'urar, kamar haka:

$ lsusb -v 2> / dev / null | egrep "^ Bus | MaxPower" Bus 002 Na'ura 001: ID 1d6b: 0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 tushen cibiyar MaxPower 0mA Bus 001 Na'ura 006: ID 8087: 0a2a Intel Corp. MaxPower 100mA Bus 001 Na'urar 007: ID 046d: c52b Logitech, Inc. Mai karɓar Mai karɓar MaxPower 98mA Bus 001 Na'ura 005: ID 1a40: 0101 Terminus Technology Inc. Hub MaxPower 100mA Bus 001 Na'ura 010: ID 125f: c93a A-DATA Technology Co., Ltd. 4GB Pen Drive MaxPower 480mA Bus 001 Na'ura 003: ID 04f2: b424 Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd MaxPower 500mA Bus 001 Na'urar 001: ID 1d6b: 0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 tushen cibiyar MaxPower 0mA

Sauran umarni masu fa'ida sune kebul-na'urorin, hwinfo, ko, alal misali, idan muna da hanyar wata na'urar (ciki / dev /), zamu iya tambayar tsarin duk wani bayanin da zai yiwu game da shi da kuma tsarin da ya kamata ya bi. Misali, idan mun hada disk din USB, domin mu ga yadda ake amfani da na'urar, muna bukatar direban SCSI (don kasancewa / dev / sdX), haka nan muna bukatar direban ajiya na USB, wanda ke aiki ta hanyar Tashar USB, wacce mallakar wata cibiya ce, wacce aka shigar da ita cikin tashar PCI, tsakanin sauran tsaka-tsakin tsarin. Duk abin da zamu iya gani da shi

$ udevadm info --query = hanya -name -name = / dev / sdX - rarraba-tafiya

o

$ udevadm info -a -n / dev / sdX

Idan muna so mu kuskura, mu ma zamu iya shiga / sys / bas / kebul kuma duba duk abin da yake, zamu ga bayanai da yawa, amma an yi sa'a umarnin nan na sama sun rarraba dukkan wadannan bayanai.

Gata da na'urori

Don aiwatar da wannan aikin zamu buƙaci sanin wace na'urar zamu je sake haɗawa. Don yin wannan, zamu iya gudu:

$ dmesg | wutsiya [Thu Nov 24 19:50:04 2016] sd 7: 0: 0: 0: Haɗa scsi generic sg3 type 0 [798339.431677] sd 7: 0: 0: 0: [sdc] 15806464 512-byte logical blocks: ( 8.09 GB / 7.54 GiB) [798339.431840] sd 7: 0: 0: 0: [sdc] Rubuta Kare yana kashe [798339.431848] sd 7: 0: 0: 0: [sdc] Yanayin Yanayi: 00 00 00 00 [798339.431988] sd 7: 0: 0: 0: [sdc] Neman bayanan cache bai samu nasara ba : 798339.431996: 7: 0: [sdc] Haɗa SCSI disk mai cirewa [0] ISO 0 Fadada: Matsayin Microsoft Joliet 798339.434157 [1] ISO 2 Fadada: RRIP_798339.446812A

A wannan fitowar, za mu ga cewa na'urar da muke aiki da ita ita ce NDC (sdc1 da sdc2 zasu zama ɓangarorin cikin wannan faifan). Ga misalai zan yi amfani da wannan na'urar, a yanayinku dole ne ku yi la'akari da wane asusun da kuke da shi.

A cikin misalan da ke ƙasa zan yi amfani da su sudo aiwatar da umarni tare da gatan tushen. Kodayake zai isa a sami mai amfani da isasshen izini. Idan muna son ganin cancantar da ake buƙata, yi kawai ls zuwa na'urar:

$ ls -latr / dev / sdc brw-rw - 1 tushen faifai 8, 32 Nuwamba 24 19:50 / dev / sdc

A can mun ga cewa mai shi yana da tushe da rukuni disk. Zai isa a sami mai amfani na diski na rukuni.

Hanyar 1. Kula da ita kamar CD / DVD

Shi ne mafi sauki duka. Tabbas idan kuna amfani da GNU / Linux tsawon shekaru, lokacin da kuke aiki tare da CD-ROM ko DVD kuna amfani da umarnin cirewa. Da kyau, an yi amfani da fitarwa don buɗe CDROM kuma an yi amfani da fitar -t don rufe tire. Da kyau, idan muka yi haka kafin na'urar USB:

$ sudo kore -t / dev / sdc

Ya kamata na'urar ta bayyana kamar mun sake haɗa ta.

Hanyar 2. Wanda aka cire kuma an Haɗa Virtual A ciki

A kan wasu tsarin (muddin dai kayan aikin na tallafawa), lokacin da ka cire na'urar USB lafiya, na'urar zata daina ba da ƙarfi kuma na'urar ba zata ƙara bayyana ba. Daidai yake da lokacin da kayi:

udisksctl ikon-kashe -b / dev / sdc

A wannan yanayin, / dev / sdc na'urar ta ce, kuma tare da wannan umarnin an kwaɗa haɗin haɗin wutar lantarki ta kamala.

Matsalar ita ce yanzu / dev / sdc babu, menene ƙari, idan muka kalli dmesg, zamu sami abu kamar haka:

$ dmesg | wutsiya [281954.693298] amfani da 1-5: Cire USB, lambar na'urar 3

Don haka idan muka gwada tare da hanyar fitar da ba zai yi aiki ba. Lura: Na haskaka amfani da 1-5 kuma za mu ga dalilin da ya sa ba da daɗewa ba.

Idan kuna aiki nesa, wannan na iya zama kyakkyawan ra'ayi. Yi tunanin cewa kuna da kebul ɗin USB a haɗe zuwa madadin. Lokacin da kake yin kwafin, yana da kyau cewa tsarin ya san cewa akwai disk ɗin da aka haɗa amma, lokacin da ba mu amfani da su, a gefe ɗaya dole ne mu ajiye makamashi kuma guji sanya fayafai, don haka ya fi kyau a yanke na yanzu, a gefe guda, ba ma son ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace don ganin sun wanzu wadannan diski don kar su kamu. (Ee, a cikin GNU / Linux akwai ƙwayoyin cuta).

Ta yaya za mu haɗa na yanzu a yanzu?

Dole ne mu yi kira zuwa tashar USB, saboda wannan akwai aikin da ake kira makami (Ina alakanta wani toka na ainihin aikin saboda anan aka gyara kwaro wanda zai iya cire yanzu daga wasu na'urorin kuma ba wanda muke so kawai ba). Akwai ƙarin ayyukan (kamar uubctl), amma wannan bashi da dogaro akan lokacin da zamu je tattarawa, shima faif din hubpower.c ne kawai.
Na farko, muna tattara shi,

$ gcc -o hubpower hubpower.c

Yanzu, kuna tuna lambobin a cikin m daga dmesg? To, zamu yi amfani da su, zamu cire haɗin na'urar kuma mu sake haɗa ta, kamar haka:

$ sudo ./hubpower 1: 1 power 5 kashe Port 5 status: 0000 Power-Off $ sudo ./hubpower 1: 1 power 5 akan Port 5 status: 0100 Power-On

Idan na'urar ba ta gano mu ba, za mu iya ƙoƙarin yin:

$ sudo ./hubpower 1: 1 daure Bind-direba nema aika zuwa ga kwaya

Ta wannan hanyar, zamu sake ganin na'urar USB ɗinmu da aka haɗa.

Idan ba mu son shirin C ... Ina da shi a cikin perl

Tsarin C yana da wahalar tattarawa kuma gwada idan abin da zamuyi mai sauƙi ne, saboda haka zamu iya gwada wannan ƙaramar tashar a layuka 10 da aka yi cikin haɗari:

#! / bin / perl na buƙatar "sys / ioctl.ph"; $ na'urar = "05"; bude (my $ usbdev,"> "," / dev / bus / usb/ 001/001 "); $ data = fakiti ("H *", "23010800". $ na'urar. "000000FFFFFF8813"); ioctl ($ usbdev, 0xC0185500, $ bayanai); $ data = fakiti ("H *", "23030800". $ na'urar. "000000FFFFFF8813"); ioctl ($ usbdev, 0xC0185500, $ bayanai); kusa ($ usbdev);

Dole ne mu girmama $ na'urar, lambar tashar (a nawa yanayin 5 ne), yana da daraja a hexadecimal, saboda haka 10 zai zama A, 11 zai zama B, 15 zai zama F, 16 zai zama 10 ... Har ila yau, dole ne mu saka idanu kan na'urar da bas, wanda muke samun dama daga / dev / bus / usb /001/001, lambobin dole ne su kasance tare da siffofin jagora tunda muna kiran wannan fayil din.

Kamar yadda muke gani, maɓallin yana cikin ioctl (), aiki ne wanda ke sarrafa sigogin na'urar daga fayil na musamman a cikin fayil ɗin fayil. Daga cikin ƙimomin hexadecimal da aka yi amfani da su, zamu samu 0xC0185500, wanda ake kira USBDEVFS_CONTROL akai akai wanda da shi za mu aika da umarnin sarrafawa zuwa na'urar USB, Sauran lambobin suna cikin haɗin cirewa da buƙatar haɗi (zaka iya samun ƙarin bayani a cikin shirin da aka yi a C).

Hanyar 3. Boyewa da nuna na'urar

Wata hanyar da za a cire na'urar ita ce:

amsa kuwwa '1-5' | sudo tee / sys / bas / usb / direbobi / kebul / unbind

Kuma zamu iya dawo da shi ta hanyar yin:

amsa kuwwa '1-5' | sudo tee / sys / bus / usb / direbobi / usb / ɗaure

Wannan hanyar ba ta haifar da cikakken cire haɗin na'urar ba. Hakan yana sa tsarin aiki baya magana dashi kuma na'urori da yawa, lokacin da kwamfuta bata son sanin komai game dasu, ana saka su cikin yanayin ƙaramin ƙarfi, tunda ba zamu nemi komai ba.

Hanyar 4. iznin na'urar

Rashin amfanin wannan hanyar shine cewa a cikin tsarin da yawa za'a iya kashe wasu na'urori na ɗan lokaci, waɗanda ba kawai muke buƙata ba, amma kuma mun kai hari ga ɗaukacin cibiyar USB. Misali:

$ amsa kuwwa 0 | sudo tee / sys / bas / usb / na'urorin / usb1 / izini $ echo 1 | sudo tee / sys / bas / usb / na'urorin / usb1 / izini

Wanne, ba shakka, zamu iya tafiyar da komai a jere:

$ amsa kuwwa 0 | sudo tee / sys / bas / usb / na'urorin / usb1 / izini; amsa kuwwa 1 | sudo tee / sys / bas / usb / na'urorin / usb1 / izini

Dole ne mu yi hankali, idan akwai wasu fayafayan da aka haɗa da tashar USB guda ɗaya (kuma kusan koyaushe a cikin kwamfutocinmu, tashoshin USB da yawa fiye da waɗanda muke gani suna da haɗin cikin gida a ciki, don haka akwai rukunin tashar jiragen ruwa da kebul iri ɗaya mahaifinsa, sanya shi a wata hanya.

Hanyar 5. Sake kunna tsarin USB

Idan muna son sake farawa da tsarin USB. Wannan shine, sabunta dukkan na'urorin USB, kamar cirewa da toshe su duka, a gefe guda za mu iya zazzagewa da sake shigar da tsarin kwayar USB:

$ sudo modprobe -r ehci_hcd; sudo modprobe ehci_hcd #Don USB2 $ sudo modprobe -r xhci_hcd; sudo modprobe xhci_hcd #Don USB3

Kodayake wasu rarrabawa, sababbin sifofin Ubuntu da abubuwan alatu sun haɗa, suna da hadedde USB kayayyaki kuma ba za a iya zazzage su ba. A gefe guda kuma, tsarin ba zai iya ba mu damar zazzage su ba saboda ana amfani da su saboda wasu kayayyaki (firintoci, adanawa, na'urorin kerawa, da sauransu), kuma idan muka fara zazzage kayayyaki da fasa abubuwa, za mu iya sake kunna kwamfutar a karshen. Don haka, a wata hanyar da za mu iya yi:

$ amsa kuwwa '0000:00:14.5'| sudo tee / sys / bus / pci / drivers / xhci_hcd / unbind $ echo '0000:00:14.5'| sudo tee / sys / bas / pci / direbobi / xhci_hcd / ɗaure

Don neman na'urar mu, zamu iya yin ls ciki / sys / bus / pci / drivers / xhci_hcd, abubuwa da yawa zasu bayyana, dole ne mu nemi wanda yayi kama da wannan aaaa: bb: cc: dd.e. Tashar USB dinka bazai zo kamar xhci_hcd (USB3) ba, sai dai ehci_hcd (USB2)