Matakai don ƙirƙirar LiveCD - DVD - USB daga karce a cikin Debian da dangoginsu.

Farawa daga buƙatar ƙirƙirar LiveCD ɗina wanda zan iya sabunta shi lokaci-lokaci da kuma tsara shi zuwa ga abin da nake so, da kuma sanin ci gaban fasahar kwamfuta a fagen GNU / Linux, na fahimci karancin buƙatar shigar da ƙarin shirye-shiryen hoto.

Godiya ga masu ɗaukar hoto Ba zan buƙaci girka shirye-shiryen amfani da ni a yau ba kamar su Gimp, Inskape, Blender, har ma da Libreoffice na wasu lokuta. Ba tare da waɗannan shirye-shiryen da aka sanya akan tsarina ba na adana abubuwa da yawa a cikin software da dakunan karatu.

Ana iya zazzage šaukuwa don Linux daga rukunin yanar gizo masu zuwa:

http://sourceforge.net/projects/portable/files

Har ma suna iya yin ɗakunan ajiya na kansu tare da shirye-shirye masu zuwa daga wannan rukunin yanar gizon:
- AppDirAssistant: Mai amfani don shigar da shirye-shiryen, ya zama dole a gudanar da AppDirAssistant kafin girka software da za'a shigar; Ba za a iya shigar da irin waɗannan software ba kafin gudanar da AppDirAssistant.
- AppImageAssistant: Mai amfani don matse tsarin a cikin fayil mai aiwatarwa kai tsaye fayilolin da aka kirkira

Don ƙirƙirar šaukuwa na wasu software da aka riga aka girka zaka iya amfani da wannan shirin:

Na 32 kaɗan
https://github.com/downloads/pgbovine/CDE/cde_2011-08-15_32bit

Na 64 kaɗan
https://github.com/downloads/pgbovine/CDE/cde_2011-08-15_64bit

Irƙirar šaukuwa tare da wannan hanyar ba zai nemi abin dogaro da aka girka a cikin tsarin aikin ku ba, kuma ba zai adana sanyi a cikin babban fayil ɗin mai amfanin ku ba sai dai idan an ƙirƙiri alamar alama a cikin cde-root ko an nuna fayil ɗin cde.options tare da layi mai kama da wannan :

watsi_prefix = / gida

Ganin haka za mu fahimci cewa za mu iya saukarwa ko ƙirƙirar wayoyin da muke so, tare da kawar da buƙatar shigar da ƙarin aikace-aikace a waje da tsarinmu, don haka rage sararinku lokacin ƙirƙirar namu LiveCD.

Ƙaddamarwa
Kamar yadda taken ya fada, zamu ga yadda ake kirkirar namu LiveCD daga karce wanda zai bamu damar girka aikace-aikacen da muke son farawa ta hanyar girka tsarin mu, akwai hanyoyi da yawa don cimma hakan, daya ta hanyar shigar da yanayin rubutu ba tare da a zahiri girka tsarin zane da kuma wani amfani da debootstrap, wannan shari'ar ta karshe itace wacce zamuyi magana akan ta a cikin wannan littafin domin tana bamu damar kirkirar tsarin mu daga karce ba tare da wani karin shiri ba zuwa tsarin tushe.

Samun tsarin GNU / Linux, an riga an girka zamu ƙirƙiri bangare tare da girman da ake buƙata don shigar da tsarin tushe akan ɓangaren da aka faɗi, bari muga mataki mataki yadda zamu ƙirƙiri tsarin mu tare da debootstrap:

Mataki 1
Shigar da sake gyarawa

 # apt-samun shigar debootstrap

Mataki 2
Sanya sabon bangare a cikin / mnt

 # hawa / dev / sdax / mnt

Mataki 3
Sanya tsarin tushe akan wannan bangare:

Na 32 kaɗan

 # debootstrap --arch i386 rarraba / mnt

Na 64 kaɗan

 # debootstrap --arch amd64 rarraba / mnt

Dole ne a canza rarraba zuwa sunan sigar GNU / Linux da muke son girkawa, waɗannan fayilolin suna ciki / usr / share / debootstrap / rubutunIdan fayil ɗin tare da sunan rabarwar da za su yi amfani da shi babu shi, kawai kwafa ɗayan sabon sigar tare da sunan sabon sigar kuma buɗe shi tare da editan rubutu kuma inda aka nuna adireshin yanar gizon, canza shi zuwa sabon, misali:

Yana faruwa gare ni cewa na sauke ajiyar daga wani adireshin kuma ba daga shafin hukuma ba, zan yi / usr / share / debootstrap / rubutun Ina kwafin sabuwar sigar wannan, a wannan yanayin ina amfani da wurin ajiyar Ubuntu (Oneiric) wanda yake cikin wannan fayil ɗin amma adireshin zazzagewa ya banbanta tunda yana kan rumbun kwamfutata na pc, muna buɗe fayil ɗin kuma mun canza

default_mirror http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu

de

default_mirror fayil: /// hanya / zuwa / repo / ubuntu

Idan sun sami sama da layi ɗaya tare da wannan fasalin, dole ne su canza shi ma.

Yana da mahimmanci cewa fayil ɗin ciki / usr / share / debootstrap / rubutun yana da maɓallin suna na rarrabawa, idan Debian matsi ne, dole ne ya sami wannan sunan, tare da madaidaitan hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo
Ba a ba da shawarar aiwatar da wannan aikin kai tsaye a kan ƙwaƙwalwar USB ba, ko diski na waje, tun da kwafin fayiloli zuwa tashar USB yana da hankali, ban da cewa zai iya lalata pendrive saboda yawan kwafin da kuma cirewa na fakitin waɗanda aka aiwatar a cikin raba bangare .

Mataki 4
Mun canza tushen aiki daga tashar tare da chroot kuma muka ci gaba da girka muhimman software bisa ga bukatunmu.
- Canza keji

# mount -t proc babu / mnt / proc # dutsen -o daura / dev / mnt / dev

- Hawan diski na waje wanda ke ɗauke da wurin ajiya

# mkdir / mnt / media / Disk-Name # mount / dev / sdax / mnt / media / Sunan Disk-# chroot / mnt

- A cikin wannan keji yana nuna waɗanne ne wuraren ajiyar wurare don amfani a /etc/apt/source.list
nano /etc/apt/source.list
a cikin akwati na daga pc dina

deb file: /// media / Disk-Name / Oniric-Ocelot / mirror / ubuntu / oneiric main multiverse ƙuntataccen sararin samaniya deb file: /// media / Disk-Name / Oniric-Ocelot / mirror / ubuntu / oneiric-backports main multiverse restricuntataccen duniya deb file: /// kafofin watsa labarai / Disk-Name / Oniric-Ocelot / madubi / ubuntu / oneiric-samarwa main multivers ƙuntata sararin samaniya deb fayil: /// kafofin watsa labarai / Disk-Name / Oniric-Ocelot / madubi / ubuntu / oneiric -matsayin babban fayil da aka taƙaita duniya deb file: /// media / Disk-Name / Oniric-Ocelot / mirror / ubuntu / oneiric-updates main multivers ƙuntata duniya deb file: /// media / Disk-Name / Oniric-Ocelot / mirror / medibuntu / oneiric fayil mara kyauta kyauta: /// kafofin watsa labarai / Sunan Disk / Oniric-Ocelot / madubi / canonical / oneiric abokin tarayya

Idan muka yi amfani da hanyar gargajiya daga shafin yanar gizo kuma muka yi amfani da adireshin wakili, za mu buƙaci mu gaya masa ya yi amfani da wannan wakili daga wannan keji tare da umarnin mai zuwa:

# fitarwa http_proxy = "http: // mai amfani: password@proxy.name.org: 3128" # fitarwa ftp_proxy = "http: // mai amfani: password@proxy.name.org: 3128"

Mataki 5

# apt-get update # apt-get upgrade # apt-samun haɓaka # apt-samun haɓaka # apt-samun dist-upgrade

Mataki 6
Shigar da yankuna (harsuna)

# ƙwarewar shigar da yankuna # dpkg-sake sake saita yankuna # ƙwarewar shigar da yanki # localepurge

Mataki 7
Shigar da nau'in kwayar da za mu yi amfani da ita, misali:

# apt-samun shigar GNU / Linux-image-3.0.0-14-generic depmod 3.0.0-14-jigilar mai amfani-saiti

Mataki 8
Ci gaba shigar da software mai mahimmanci don madaidaicin tsarin tsarin da ƙirƙirar LiveCD na gaba.

 # apt-get kafa gwaninta grub2 sysGNU / Linux squashfs-kayan aiki casper archdetect-deb mkisofs genisoimage xorriso console-kayan aikin console-keymaps mc blkid rabu

Mataki 9
Irƙiri wasu fayilolin daidaitawa masu mahimmanci

 # mcedit / sauransu / cibiyar sadarwa / musaya

kuma ƙara wannan:

auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp

Shirya fayil ɗin:

 # mcedit / sauransu / sunan mai masauki

kuma ƙara wannan:
Sunan mai gida

 # mcedit / sauransu / runduna

kuma ƙara wannan:
127.0.0.1 localhost Mai masauki-Sunan

Mataki 10
Createirƙiri mtab da fstab fayil.

# grep -v rootfs / proc / mounts> / etc / mtab # grep / sauransu / mtab -e "/"> / sauransu / fstab

Lura: Don kaucewa rikice-rikice ana bada shawarar bayar da adireshin zuwa tushen faifai ta hanyar uuid, tare da umarnin mara kyau zaka iya samun ayid ka maye gurbin / dev / sdax in / etc / fstab a cikin wannan kejin da uuid, misali idan shi ne

 / dev / sda1 maye gurbin UUID = uuid kamar haka: UUID = 476efe22-73ec-4276-915d-c4gga65f668b / ext3 kurakurai = remount-ro 0 0

Mataki # 11
Sanya muhallin da aka zana -Zaɓi idan ba kwa buƙatar shigar da yanayi mai zane.

 # apt-samun shigar xserver-xorg-bidiyo-duk xorg xserver-xorg

Mataki 12
Sanya girki, idan bamu da wani abin girke girke a bangaren taya zamu iya yin sa ta wannan hanyar:

Idan ba ku da tsarin GNU / Linux da aka riga aka shigar, za mu ci gaba kamar haka:
Mun bar keji:

# fita # sudo grub-shigar --root-directory = / mnt / dev / sda

Mun dawo cikin keji:

# chroot / mnt # sabunta-grub

- Idan har mun riga mun shigar da fayil ɗin gurnin, muna gyara fayil ɗin kawai
Mun bar keji:

# fita # sabunta-grub

Mataki 13

Muna girka abubuwan da muka fi so dasu a saman tebur da kuma manajan zamanmu da muke so. A halin da nake ciki, na sanya yanayin yanayin tebur e17 (fadakarwa) tare da mai binciken fayil din sararin samaniya kuma ta haka ne na ƙirƙiri LiveCD ɗina don yin kwafin ajiya, haka kuma na haɗa da shirin debootstrap don girka sabbin tsarin aikina kai tsaye daga wuraren ajiya ba tare da buƙata ba don amfani da wasu LiveCDs ko shigarwar yanayin rubutu.

 # apt-samun shigar e17 e17-data gparted mtools testdisk amintacce-share partimage gzip zip unzip tar pkill xterm

Zaka iya zaɓar yanayin tebur na abin da kake so, da kuma saitin aikace-aikace don amfani.

Manajan zaman.

- A wannan yanayin bana buƙatar manajan zama wanda yake tambayata sunan mai amfani da kalmar wucewa tunda maƙasudin shi shine fara zaman kai tsaye, don wannan muke ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin rubutu a / etc / startX

# taba /etc/init.d/startX # chmod + x /etc/init.d/startX

Kwafa mai zuwa cikin wannan fayil ɗin

#! / bin / sh. / lib / lsb / init-ayyuka PATH = / sbin: / bin: / usr / sbin: / usr / bin case $ 1 a fara) amsa kuwwa "Fara tsarin zane" amsa kuwwa "Kuna iya bincika LOG a / var / log / boot_x. log "X: 0 1 >> / var / log / boot_x.log 2 >> / var / log / boot_x.log & DISPLAY =: 0 su tushen -c wayewar_ farawa 1> / dev / null 2> / dev / mara kyau & ;; dakatar) amsa kuwwa "Dakatar da duk hanyoyin X" pkill X ;; *) amsa kuwwa "zaɓi mara inganci" ;; esac fita 0

Don gaya wa tsarin don fara wannan fayil ɗin tare da tsarin muna aiwatar da waɗannan daga na'ura mai kwakwalwa.

 # sabunta-rc.d farawaX tsoffin lambobi 99

Wannan don gujewa yin amfani da kowane mai sarrafa taga kamar lxdm, gdm da sauransu.

Mun sake kunna kwamfutar tare da sabon shigarwa.

Kamar yadda na nuna shigar sararin samaniya don wannan sai na sauke lambar tushe daga wannan shafin.

http://spacefm.sourceforge.net/ (el fichero .tar.gz o .tar.xz) al disco de la maquina.

Na shigar da dogaro da wannan software:

# apt-samun shigar autotools-dev bash desktop-file-utils gina-mahimmanci libc6 libcairo2 libglib2.0-0 libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-bin libpango1.0-0 libx11-6 shared-mime-info intltool pkg- saita libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev karyataro libudev0 libudev-dev

Ba mu ce fayil ba

 tar -xf /path/file/spacefm.tar.xz cd / path / file / spacefm ./configure # make -s # sa kafa # update-mime-database / usr / local / share / mime> / dev / null # update-desktop-database -q # gtk-update-icon-cache -q -t -f / usr / local / share / gumaka / hicolor # gtk-update-icon-cache -q -t -f / usr / local / raba / gumaka / Faenza

Da wannan, idan babu wata matsala za mu sanya spacefm.

Mataki 14

Shigar da remasterys.

Remastersys na iya samun sa a shafin yanar gizon su na yanar gizo http://remastersys.sourceforge.net/, amma ina ba ku shawarar kuyi amfani da wanda ku a haɗe don kula da daidaito, tunda baya girka ko cire duk wani aikace-aikace yayin aikin ƙirƙirar LiveCD, tare da barin wasu rubutun don sanya LiveCD akan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar USB.

Zazzage remastys kuma shigar.

 # dpkg -i / tafarkin/a/remastersys.deb
Lura: Ubiquity shine wanda aka zana kayan kwalliya don ubuntu, amma ba lallai bane a girka shi don shigar da LiveCD a gaba akan PC.

Mataki 15

Halittar LiveCD tare da sake-sakewa.

Remastersys yana da halaye na kirkirar 2 LiveCD, daya yana adana tsarin dukkan masu amfani kuma wani yana cire duk tsari da rajistar wani mai amfani, wanda shine abin da muka saba gani a gargajiyar Ubuntu LiveCDs.

Don ƙirƙirar LiveCD adana saitunanku.

 # remastersys madadin

- Don ƙirƙirar LiveCD ba tare da masu amfani ko abubuwan daidaitawa ba (Nagari).

# remastys dist cdfs # sake gyara dist iso custom.iso
Lura: Wadannan fayilolin za'a samar dasu a cikin / gida / remasterys, don tsara sunan mai amfani kuma wasu zasu iya shirya fayil ɗin /etc/remastersys.conf. Saboda mai amfani da tushen baya goge kalmar sirrinsa, yana da kyau kar a sami wata kalmar sirri da zata kawo matsala.

Mataki 16

Shigar da kowane Debian LiveCD ko abubuwan da aka samo daga remasterys.
Da farko ka tabbatar cewa an yi maka alama a matsayin mai jigilar kaya tare da gparted ko rabuwa kamar haka:

# an rabu / dev / sdb an saita 1 taya akan - Don kunna shi # an raba / dev / sdb saita 1 boot a kashe - Don kashe shi
Lura: Lamba bayan saiti yayi daidai da lambar bangare na wannan ƙwaƙwalwar.

- Mun sanya iso akan cd dvd, ko kuma idan kuna so akan na'urar USB ta wannan hanyar (Duk wannan azaman tushe):

mkdir -p / mnt / cdrom mkdir -p / mnt / usb mount -o madauki / hanya / file.iso / mnt / cdrom mount / dev / sdbx / mnt / usb cp -r / mnt / cdrom / * / mnt / usb cp -r / mnt / cdrom / isoGNU / Linux / * / mnt / usb mv /mnt/usb/isoGNU/Linux.cfg /mnt/usb/sysGNU/Linux.cfg umount / mnt / usb umount / mnt / cdrom

# HATTARA ka kalli bangare na na'urarka ta USB idan bangaren da ka saka shine / dev / sdb1 dole ne a sanya bangaren boot a / dev / sdb

# cat /usr/lib/sysGNU/Linux/mbr.bin> / dev / sdb # sysGNU / Linux -install / dev / sdb1

Mataki # 16.1.

Da farko zamu fara daga LiveCD ko usb idan muna dashi a ƙwaƙwalwa.

Idan ba'a kirkiro bangarorin da ake buƙata kamar su swap (swap area) ba, kazalika da rarar fiye da 1 GB ko fiye dangane da girman livecd ɗin.

Bayani mai mahimmanci: / dev / sdax yana nufin ko / dev / sda1 ne ko kuma wata lambar, zamu iya bincika wannan ta hanyar buga blkid a cikin na'urar wasan.

Mataki # 16.2.

Dutsen bangare halitta a / mnt

# fsck -a / dev / sdax # mount / dev / sdax / mnt

Mataki na 16.3.

Kwafi duk fayiloli ciki / babban fayil zuwa / mnt

 # cp -r / rofs / * / mnt

Lura: duk wannan azaman tushen mai amfani.

Mataki # 16.4.

Shigar da tsutsa

 # grub-kafa -root-directory = / mnt / dev / sda

Mataki # 16.5.

Shirya tsarin don taya burbushin da kyau.

hawa -t proc babu / mnt / proc Mount -o daura / dev / mnt / dev chroot / mnt sabunta-grub

Mataki # 16.6.

Ba tare da barin keji chroot ba mun shirya mahimman fayiloli / sauransu / fstab da / sauransu / mtab

grep -v rootfs / proc / firam> / sauransu / mtab grep / sauransu / mtab -e "/"> / sauransu / fstab
Lura: Idan ya cancanta ƙirƙirar sabon mai amfani banda tushen idan kuna so ta hanyar wasan bidiyo tare da umarnin mai zuwa:
useradd -m -c "Mai Gudanarwa" -G adm, admin, sudo, tattaunawa, cdrom, plugdev, lpadmin, sambashare -d / gida / mai amfani -s / bin / bash mai amfani

ƘARUWA

Tare da wannan, an gama wannan jagorar mai faɗi amma mai sauƙi, wanda zaku iya aiwatar dashi idan kuna so kuma ku raba naku livedd tare da abokan ku, ingancin duk livecd / dvd ya dogara ne akan ilimin mai amfani, aiwatar da sabbin fasahohi cewa ajiye sararin diski.

Kamar yadda kuka gani, ba lallai ba ne a yi amfani da unetbootin don canza LiveCD zuwa rayuwa mai amfani, idan kuna amfani da sararin samaniya za ku sami duk abin da kuke buƙata dangane da aikace-aikacen hoto, ko don sauya bidiyo, fayilolin mai jiwuwa da sauransu, kawai kuna buƙatar shirin da yake yin hakan daga layin umarni kuma ƙirƙira ko zazzage plugin don yin waɗannan ayyukan.


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  1. Wanda ke da alhakin bayanan: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Manufar bayanan: Sarrafa SPAM, sarrafa sharhi.
  3. Halacci: Yarda da yarda
  4. Sadarwar bayanan: Ba za a sanar da wasu bayanan ga wasu kamfanoni ba sai ta hanyar wajibcin doka.
  5. Ajiye bayanai: Bayanin yanar gizo wanda Occentus Networks (EU) suka dauki nauyi
  6. Hakkoki: A kowane lokaci zaka iyakance, dawo da share bayanan ka.

  1.   Keopety m

    duk wannan amo don ƙirƙirar cd? '? Ina tsammanin hakan ta faru ne daga cd

  2.   kunun 92 m

    Babu wani gidan yanar gizon da ya mai da ku gidan rayuwar debian cd? oO

    1.    lokacin3000 m

      Ta yaya abin takaici yake ga wannan mutane masu ragowa wadanda suke iya zuwa live.debian.org kuma su kawo shi USB.

  3.   Pepe m

    Ya zama mai rikitarwa, a kan wata Kwamfutar tawa ina amfani da Remasterys a cikin Xubuntu 13.04 kuma na samar da iso live cd ɗina daidai kuma a cikin 13 min, daga tsarin da aka riga aka girka kuma aka tsara shi tare da shirye-shiryen da suke sha'awa. A yau, cewa kawai masu sakewa ne don cimma wannan abin zargi ne gaba ɗaya, akwai wasu da wasu hanyoyi, amma har yanzu suna da wahala kamar wanda aka bayyana a cikin wannan post ɗin.

    1.    lokacin3000 m

      Ko kuma aƙalla, da sun yi ƙaramin rubutu a cikin .sh kuma an warware batun (har ma za a iya taimaka masa).

  4.   manolox m

    Da kyau, a ganina jagora ne mai kyau wanda idan na sami lokaci zan gwada shi.
    Zai yiwu akwai hanyoyi masu sauri don yin hakan, amma abin da kuka koya a hanya (ƙila ba zai zo ba karo na farko) ba shi da tsada.

  5.   tafi m

    Ya faru da ni cewa waɗanda ba sa shigar da ko'ina ana ba su shawara su girka abubuwan dogaro masu zuwa.

    asusun sabis na dacewa-clone btrfs-kayan aikin kayan aiki-saitin cryptsetup dmidecode dmraid dpkg-repack ecryptfs-utils gconf2 gconf2-common gir1.2-atk-1.0 gir1.2-freedesktop gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0 gir1.2-gstreamer-0.10 gir1.2 .3.0-gtk-1.2 gir1.0-pango-1.2 gir2.4-miya-1.2 gir1.0-timezonemap-1.2 gir2.90-vte-1.2 gir3.0-webkit-0 mai nuna alama-aikace kbd keyutils yare-mai zaɓar- laptop ta gano libaccountsservice1 libappindicator3 libappindicator1-0 libbsd0 libcap-ng2 libcap4-bin libdbusmenu-glib3 libdbusmenu-gtk4-4 libdbusmenu-gtk0 libdebconfclient1.0.0 libdmraid16.rc0g libg3g 0 libgtk-1-0 libgtk-2-bin libgtk-4-common libgtop3-1 libgtop3-common libicu0 libindicator3-3 libindicator2 libiw7 libnss2-44d libp3-kit6 libpam-gnome-keyring libstartup-notification6 libtimezonemap30-3vtevt-1. -11-0 libwebkitgtk-0-na kowa libxklavier1 lsof psmisc python-appindicator python-argparse python-libxml2.90 python-pyicu Python-xklavier rd ci reiserfsprogs rsync

    Na san wannan jagorar na iya zama mai wahala, amma idan zan sami cd na kai tsaye ba tare da fiye da 215 MB na fi so in sake karanta wannan jagorar.

  6.   Miguel m

    Madalla na gode sosai

  7.   Note m

    Tsarin yana da ban sha'awa amma kuna son rikita rayuwar ku.

    # dace-samun shigar da rai-sihiri
    $ sihiri-rayuwa

    Kuma tare da can kaɗawa kana da CD ɗin ka ko USB.

  8.   Frank Davila m

    Godiya ga bayanin, shin wannan yana aiki don kowane kayan dasoshin Linux? Shin za a iya saka šaukuwa cikin wannan keɓaɓɓiyar hanyar kai tsaye? Na gode.

  9.   Ricardo m

    Kyakkyawan bayani, Na riga nayi amfani da remasterys a baya, kamar yadda na sami labarin yayi kyau kuma nayi bayani.

    SAURARA: mahaɗan saukarda remastys wanda kuka buga yana da nasaba da kuskure, yakamata a faɗi https://blog.desdelinux.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/remastersys.zip

    1.    kari m

      Godiya ga bayanin .. Nan da nan muka gyara hanyar haɗin.