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Wannan labarin ya fito ne daga sharhin da na samo akan Linux sosai lokacin da nake neman abu don rubutu game da Gnome 3.2: tsarin? Gnome OS? Babu sauran tallafi ga dandamali na NO-LINUX?. |
Mai karanta wannan tashar ta yi mamaki ko moreasa, baƙon abu, cewa mutanen Gnome suna shan sigari. Ga wanda wasu AntiUbuntu masu tsattsauran ra'ayi (ba ni da ra'ayin Ubuntu mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, kawai ba zan raba tare da waɗanda suke son yin izgili ko ɓarna game da wasu ba tare da sha'awar kare ko ƙasƙantar da wani abu, ko suna amfani da Tsarin Aiki komai) amsa tare da hanyar haɗi zuwa Wikipedia akan Yarjejeniyar mai ba da gudummawa ta Canonical.
Tare da cikakkiyar daidaito marubucin gidan, MetalByte, ya nuna cewa mai sharhin yana karkatar da hankali kuma Gnome ba shi da tsarki daidai yadda yake so ya bayyana, don dalilai da yawa, gami da ƙeta mizanan na freedomesktop.org.
Ka'idodin hakan, masu rikitarwa, Shell Unity da KDE Environment, da sauransu - har ma da Gome ta fuskoki da yawa - girmamawa.
Ba don wannan dalilin ba ya daina kiran hankalina, ba kawai a matsayin lauya ba, amma a matsayin mai amfani da Ubuntu.
Bayanin da aka samo yana da wadatar gaske, kuma ina karantawa da sake karanta yarjejeniyar lasisi na shafi 1 (ɗaya) wanda Canonical ya gabatar na fewan awanni kuma akwai bayanai masu ban sha'awa.
Da farko dai dole ne mu tuna cewa Ubuntu ta haɓaka ne ta Canonical Ltd. ba ta Canonical Foundation ba, saboda dalili mai sauƙi, Shuttleworth ya ƙirƙiri kamfani, ba Gidauniya ba.
Na biyu, kar a ɗauke ku ta hanyar mahaɗin, gaskiya ne cewa za mu iya samun batutuwa waɗanda ba a hana su takamaiman abu ba, amma ba sa nufin komai. Anan a cikin Argentina, duk abin da ba a hana shi a fili ba an ba da izinin a fakaice.
Ban sani ba game da dokokin Ingilishi da ikon da CLA ta gabatar a cikin sakin layi na 12.
Yanzu, Wikipedia tana bayyana ma'anar mai ba da gudummawa na Canonical a cikin nau'in Yarjejeniyar Lasisin Mai ba da gudummawa. Da farko dai, to, dole ne mu san abin da ƙarshen yake.
A cewar Wikipedia Yarjejeniyar Lasisin Gudummawa (CLA) bayyana ma'anar sharuɗɗan da aka ba da gudummawar dukiyar ilimi ko sanya su zuwa kamfani ko aiki. Yana da yawa gama gari a cikin Open Source.
Gabaɗaya akwai dalilai guda biyu waɗanda ke motsa CLA: (1) don inganta aikin, (2) ko sake lasisi ba tare da tuntuɓar mai ba da gudummawar ba.
Da kyau, ana amfani da wannan nau'in lasisin, kuma a tsakanin wasu:
- Shafin Farko na Apache
- MySQL
- Open .Afi
- Fedora (Red Hat) CLA Fedora, kwatankwacin Canonical.
- Canonical Ltd.
- Zend domin Tsarin Zend
- Gidauniyar Kyauta ta Kyauta
- Django
- Node.js
- } asashen duniya
Ina ganin ya dace in bincika wasu sassan Fedora - Red Hat CLA kuma in gwada shi da na Canonical, ba wai kawai saboda kamanceceniya da aji ba, amma kuma saboda bambance-bambancen da ke bayyane.
Amma kuma, saboda karkatarwar Canonisoft koyaushe ba tare da yin la'akari da sauran 'yan wasan na Open Source ba.Muna fara, a cikin CLA Canonical ya bayyana kuma ya bayyana dalilan kwantiraginsa, kuma ya bayyana kanta a matsayin «mai haƙƙin mallaka».
Don haka, abin da suke yi shi ne roƙon mai ba da gudummawa / mai haɓakawa don cika fom wanda ta inda suke sanya haƙƙin mallaka ga Canonical (da Fedora inda ya dace) kuma a ba su kyautar kyauta ta sarauta, na dindindin, haƙƙin duniya, don amfani, kwafa, gyara, sadarwa da kuma samarwa ga jama'a (idan kana so ta hanyar intanet) ka kuma rarraba, a kowane yanayi a cikin sifa ko ingantacciyar hanyar, gudummawar da aka bayar ko "lambar lasisi" ta hanyar kiranta ko yaya.
Tallafin Canonical ya bani Duk duniya, ba keɓaɓɓe ba, ba da ikon sarauta da kuma madawwamin haƙƙin amfani, kwafa, gyaggyarawa, sadarwa da kuma isar da ita ga jama'a (gami da ba tare da iyakancewa ta hanyar Intanet ba) da rarrabawa, a kowane yanayi a cikin asali ko fom da aka gyara, Gudummawar da aka sanya kamar yadda nake so.
Magana na II CLA Canonical.
Yanzu, ta yaya mai haɓaka ya ci gaba? A sauƙaƙe zazzage CLA ɗin kuma aika imel ɗin haɗa shi kuma a jikin imel ɗin yana cewa: "Na karɓi Yarjejeniyar Gudummawar Canonical." Wannan game da batun Canonical's CLA, wanda ya haifar da sha'awar wannan labarin.
Kamar yadda sauki kamar yadda cewa.
Wasu kwatancen tare da Fedora CLA - Red Hat.
Da farko dai, dole ne mu sani cewa haɓaka software don Ubuntu ba yana nufin cewa dole ne ta bi CLA ba, za a buƙata idan software ɗin ta haɓaka ko gyaggyarawa ta kasance don kundin adireshin Software da CLA ke bayarwa, misali kowane canje-canje na alamomin , da dai sauransu
Koyaya, bisa ga CLA, mai haɓakawa ya ba da Canonical don ba da cikakken haƙƙin mallaka, mai ma'ana idan Canonical zai kasance Mai riƙewa.
An sanya aikin ne yana ba da tabbaci ga haƙƙin mallaka ba na musamman ba, kyauta na sarauta kuma a dawwama don amfani, kwafa, gyaggyarawa, sadarwa da kuma isar da ita ga jama'a (idan kuna so ta intanet) da rarrabawa, a kowane hali, lambar asali ce ko gyaggyara
A takaice dai, Canonical ya ginu ne daidai da yadda Canonical ke saka wa mai haɓaka. Yankin 1 da 2 bi da bi.
Babu wani abu da za'a sanya shi wanda shine abin wata kwangila ko kwangilar aiki (sakin layi 9) ko lambar da ke iya ko keta haƙƙin mallaka.
1. A yanzu na sanya Canonical tare da cikakken taken garanti duk haƙƙin mallaka a yanzu ko kuma nan gaba mai zuwa a kowane yanki na duniya a cikin duk gudummawar da aka sanya. Har zuwa wannan aikin yana da kowane dalili ba shi da tasiri, kuma yana ƙarƙashin haƙƙin Canonical a cikin 5 da ke ƙasa, Ina ba Canonical a duk duniya, ba na keɓewa ba, ba da sarauta da lasisi na har abada don amfani, kwafa, gyara, sadarwa da yin akwai ga jama'a (gami da ba tare da iyakancewa ta hanyar Intanet ba) kuma ku rarraba, a kowane yanayi a cikin asali ko gyaggyara fasalin «Gudummawar da Ake bayarwa» yadda yake so.
2. Canonical Grants Me a the wide-wide, non-exclusive, free-free-royalty and ever perpetual right to use, copy, modify, sadarwa da kuma gabatarwa ga jama'a (gami da ba tare da iyakancewa ta hanyar Intanet ba) da kuma rarrabawa, a kowane yanayi a fom na asali ko wanda aka gyara, gudummawar da aka bayar kamar yadda nakeso.
Yankin 1 da 2 CLA Canonical
A nasa bangare, Fedora - Red CLA ya ce:
2. Kyautar Bayar da Lasisi. Kuna ba da kyauta ga Red Hat, Inc., a madadin aikin, da kuma ga masu karɓar kayan aikin da aikin ya rarraba:
(a) na dindindin, ba keɓaɓɓe ba, a duk duniya, ana biya cikakke, kyauta ta sarauta, lasisi haƙƙin mallaka wanda ba za a iya sakewa ba don sake bugawa, shirya ayyukan banbanci, nunawa a fili, gabatar da jama'a, gabatar da kuɗi, da rarraba Gudummawarku da waɗannan ayyukan ƙirar; kuma,
(b) na dindindin, ba keɓaɓɓe ba, a duk duniya, cikakken biya, kyauta ga masarauta, ba mai yiwuwa (batun Sashe na 3) lasisin lasisi na yin, yi, amfani, miƙa don siyarwa, siyarwa, shigo da, da kuma canza wurin Gudummawar ku da kuma abubuwanda suka samo asali, inda irin wannan lasisin ya shafi wadancan ikirarin na lasisin mallakar ku wanda ya zama tilas ne ta hanyar Gudummawar ku kadai ko ta hanyar hada gudummawar ku da aikin da kuka gabatar da gudummawar. Ban da lasisin da aka bayar a wannan ɓangaren, kun riƙe duk haƙƙoƙin mallaka, take da sha'awar ku da gudummawar ku.
Magana ta 2 CLA Fedora.
Komawa zuwa Canonical, a cikin sashi na 3 an fahimta cewa yakamata a fahimce shi kamar Software, gama gari ne a cikin al'amuran kwangila.
Kuma ya ce kalmar Software da aka yi amfani da IN da FOR kwangila, tana nufin duk shirye-shiryen komputa da aka kirkira a matsayin ɓangare na Canonical program. Lissafa cewa, don dalilai bayyanannu, ana iya sauya su lokaci zuwa lokaci.
A cikin sashi na huɗu ya fahimci Assididdigar Gudummawa azaman gyare-gyare ko haɓakawa waɗanda mai haɓaka ɗaya yayi wa lambar.
Ofaya daga cikin jumlolin masu ban sha'awa shine na 6, tunda a cikin ta CLA ta tilasta Canonical don bayar da lambar bin doka, kuma ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan "Lasisin Lasisin Kyauta na Software", bisa ga ma'anar da FSF ta bayar akan batun kuma sabunta kowane lokaci. .
Amma, wannan ƙofar buɗewa ce idan kuna so, saboda Canonical, bisa ga damarsa, na iya samar da software ga jama'a a ƙarƙashin wasu "sharuɗɗan lasisi", wanda ba ɗaya yake da "wani lasisin" ba. Kamar yadda muka gani, wannan gama gari ne kuma ɗayan dalilai ne na Yarjejeniyar Lasisin Mai ba da gudummawa.
Canonical zai samarda gudummawar da aka bayar don jama'a a karkashin "lasisin Software na Kyauta", gwargwadon ma'anar wannan lokacin da Free Software Foundation ke bugawa lokaci zuwa lokaci. Hakanan Canonical na iya, a cikin hankalinta, ya ba da gudummawar da aka keɓe ga jama'a a ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗan lasisi.
Magana ta 6 CLA Canonical
Wani abu makamancin haka ya faru da Fedora, a cikin batun 2 - (a) CLA na bawa Fedora - Red Hat damar yin sassauci, ba tare da ambaton ƙarƙashin waɗancan sharuɗɗa ko ƙarƙashin wane lasisi ba.
Idan aka kwatanta, Fedora's CLA yafi bada izini kuma, idan kuna so, cutarwa ga buɗe tushen, tunda CLA na Canonical ya tilasta shi rarraba a ƙarƙashin FSL ko ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗan lasisi. Madadin haka Fedora - Red Hat zai iya yin lasisi da yin sassauci a ƙarƙashin duk lasisin da sharuɗɗan da yake so.
Amma mafi ban mamaki duka, kuma wannan yana tsalle don karewa, idan kuna so, na Canonical da Fedora, shine cewa CLA na ƙarshe a cikin ma'anar 2 - (b) ya ba da izini ga Fedora - Red Hat, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa kuma a wasu yanayi cewa CLA ta bayyana, don siyar da gudummawar mai haɓaka.
Hakanan, Canonical ba zai tilasta wa mai haɓaka duk wani patent ɗin da mai haɓaka ya keta ba, yana amfani da haƙƙin mallakarku ko dai tare da Software ko theididdigar Gudummawa.
[…] Canonical ba zai tabbatar ko tilasta ni a kan duk wani haƙƙin mallaka wanda ni ke amfani da haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka na a cikin Software da / ko theididdigar Gudummawa ba.
Magana ta 7 a cikin kyakkyawan CLA Canonical.
Sabanin haka, Fedora - Red Hat, a cikin sashi na 3 na CLA, ya bar buɗe yiwuwar cewa, idan har akwai yuwuwar kai ƙara, ɗawainiyar na iya faɗi kuma Mai ba da gudummawa yana da alhaki a kotu.
A gefen Canonical, mai haɓakawa ba zai tilasta duk wani izinin mallaka ba game da: (a) Canonical; (b) duk wanda ya karɓi Software ko Assaddamarwar Taimako ta hanyar Canonical; (c) Duk wanda ya karɓi Software ko Assaddamar da Gudummawa a ƙarƙashin lasisin Software na Kyauta lokacin da aka keta haƙƙin mallaka ta hanyar haƙƙin mallaka. Wanne ne ma'ana.
Ba zan tabbatar ko tilasta duk wani lasisin mallaka a kan (a) Canonical (b) duk wanda ya karɓi Software da / ko Assididdigar Gudummawa daga Canonical ko (c) duk wanda ya karɓi Software da / ko Assididdigar Gudummawar a ƙarƙashin Lasisin Software na Kyauta, inda ɗayansu ke amfani da haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka a cikin Software da / ko Gudummawar da Aka sanya. […]
Magana ta 7 CLA Canonical.
Sakamakon haka zamu iya cewa CLA, ana amfani dashi sau da yawa a cikin duniyar buɗewa, yana da ma'ana kwata-kwata. Bugu da kari, kwatancen CLA na Fedora - Red Hat da Canonical ya nuna abubuwan da suka dace ga bangarorin, inda duka (bangarorin da kamfanoni) suke amfana.
Tabbas mafi mahimmancin batun shine yiwuwar duka kamfanonin biyu (Nace duka saboda a taƙaice munyi nazarin duka) an tanada don ƙaddamar. Fedora CLA - Red Hat ta faɗi wannan a sarari amma ba ta bayyana a ƙarƙashin waɗancan sharuɗɗan da za ta buga abun ciki ba, ƙasa da waɗancan sharuddan da za ta yi a yayin da aka gabatar da ƙara.
Dangane da Canonical, ya zama tilas a yi amfani da lasisin Software na Kyauta bisa ga ƙa'idodin Gidauniyar Free Software, amma yana iya canza sharuɗɗan lasisin bisa ga sabani, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin CLA, "wasu sharuɗɗan lasisi" ba tare da wannan ba , a kowane A mafi yawan lokuta, yi amfani da lasisi mara kyauta ko na mallakar ta.
Ina ba da shawarar karantawa Haɗin Kai, wanda yake da ban sha'awa sosai.
Ina tsammanin maimakon magana kawai zai fi kyau a dauki minti 10 a kuma bincika batun da ke hannun. Na faɗi wannan kuma na ba da misali game da batun sharhin da ya motsa nazari da haɗuwa da shigarwar.
Da yawa wadanda ba su yarda da Canonical / Ubuntu ko "karbarsa" ba, maimakon neman abubuwan haƙiƙa, sai su koma gunaguni waɗanda ba su yin komai sai samar da Harshen Wuta ba su kai mu ko'ina ba.
A ƙarshe, bani da alhakin amfani da abin da aka faɗa, kawai bincike ne na asali na CLA na, a wannan yanayin, kamfanonin biyu.
da kyau, a cikin kansa har yanzu kamfani ne (kuma yana da haƙƙin barin waɗannan "buɗe ƙofar") ... wataƙila yanzu aboki ne na kowa, wanda ke saka Linux cikin damar mutane. a nan gaba mutane za su fara mamaki; Ta yaya na zama ba makawa? Shin masu amfani da miliyan 200 ba su gabatar da kansu cikin shekaru 4 ba? Wataƙila daga baya mutum zai fara shakkar ayyukansu. Ko babu wanda ya tuna Google? Shin bai fara ne kawai don neman mai kyau ba…. Kamar yadda na ce, a gare ni kawai suna buɗe ƙarshen ...
Wataƙila misalin Google ya yi yawa da yawa, amma gaskiya ne cewa suna da wannan burin, ko sun cimma shi ko basu cimma wata magana ba. Idan ka kalli Linux, yana da tsarin aiki wanda za'a iya kiransa barga, amma a yau canje-canje da yawa suna faruwa a cikin X…. Ba wai kawai Canonical ba amma hargitsi gaba ɗaya. suna da niyyar shigar da idanun masu amfani… idan suka ci gaba a haka, bana tsammanin manufofin da aka gabatar basu da nisa. Yi hankali, Na ci gaba da ba da ra'ayina daga nesa! = D
Na yarda da bude ƙare. Game da masu amfani da miliyan 200, ba za a iya kwatanta shi da Google ba, galibi saboda haɓaka zuwa yawan masu amfani ya kamata ya faru:
1- Cewa a cikin GNU / Linux sauran abubuwan rarraba ba'a amfani dasu, kuma ba zai yuwu ba, akwai samfuran da suka fi Ubuntu inganci ko ƙari.
2- Windows, saboda wasu dalilai, sun daina amfani da su sosai.
3- Idan ka shiga kasuwa na Tablets, Smartphones da sauransu, dole ne ka ga irin karbuwar da take da shi.
4- Da sauransu.
Ina tsammanin ya fi karfin utopia da arewa don fuskantar.
Yanzu ba wai shi aboki ne na kowa ba, amma a yau shi abin zargi ne, mai fa'ida da mara amfani, ya bayyana daga wurin da yake zaune. Ya faru cewa abubuwa da yawa waɗanda aka soki game da ɗaya suma suna cikin wasu. Ko kuma an samo wani abu kuma ba tare da bincika shi ba ana amfani dashi azaman zargi mai lalatawa, kuma tare da 5 kawai zamu sami wata gaskiyar ta daban. Kamar yadda ake fada, yana da sauki a ga budu a cikin idon wani. Ta wannan bana nufin Fedora - Red Hat abun gogewa ne, amma kawai misali.
Wataƙila, tushen buɗe ma samfurin kasuwanci ne.
«Suna nufin shiga idanun masu amfani ...» Gaba ɗaya mun yarda
Na yarda mutane! Ina tsammanin abin da Martín ya ɗauka a cikin wannan labarin yana da ban mamaki, saboda gabaɗaya ana sukar Ubuntu ne kawai x na sukar (trolls) kuma sau da yawa idan muka shiga cikin muhawarar sai muka fahimci cewa 1) ba gaskiya bane ko 2) wasu hargitsi suna yin haka ko "mafi munin ". A takaice, mahawara ce mai ban sha'awa Martín ya buɗe. Gaskiya ban san da wanzuwar waɗannan lasisin lasisin ba. Tabbas, kasancewarta ma'ana ce amma ban taɓa tunani game da ita ba.
Ina taya ku Martín! Wani kyakkyawan labarin!
Bulus.
Labarinku yana da ban sha'awa sosai, kamar yadda suke faɗi "babu wanda ya san wanda yake wa aiki" Don haka koyaushe muna karanta kwangila!
Tambayar tana da kyau, saboda ba batun dokoki bane, amma magana ce mai ma'ana. Abu daya haƙƙin mallaka ne, wani kuma lasisi ne, wanda zai iya zama kowa.
Abin da aka sauya shi haƙƙin mallaka ne. Kuma Canonical yana rarraba, bisa ƙa'ida, tare da Lasisin Software na Kyauta, zaku iya, idan ya cancanta, gyara sharuɗɗan lasisi. Anan ne fassarar "sauran sharuɗɗan lasisi" ya shigo cikin wasa. Tunda "sauran sharuɗɗan lasisin" ba daidai yake da "sauran lasisin" ba.
Dangane da Fedora, iri ɗaya ne, sai dai Fedora - Red Hat ba ya ɗaukar lasisi ko satar kuɗi a ƙarƙashin kowane lasisi. Kuna iya yin shi a ina, yaushe da yadda kuke so. Ko da, ba kamar Canonical ba, Fedora - Red Hat ya ambata cewa, a cikin karar da aka samu sakamakon lambar da aka ba ku, "kun gyara kanku kuma aikin ya faɗi." Canonical, abin da kawai yake ambaton wannan shi ne "hana canja wurin aiki ba tare da haƙƙoƙi ba ko kuma wannan samfurin kwangila ne ko kwangilar aiki tare da wasu kamfanoni." Wani abu mai ma'ana a duka al'amuran biyu, abu ne mai kama da Hakkokin Real da kuma "ɓoyayyun munanan abubuwan." Lokacin da ka sayi wani abu sannan ka gano cewa yana da lahani, lahani, irin wannan, idan ka san su a gaba ba za ka saya ba, za ka iya dawo da sayarwar har ma fiye da haka idan mai siyarwar yana cikin mummunan imani. Da kyau, waɗannan sassan suna da wani abu makamancin haka.
Babban fa'idar da waɗanda suke amfani da CLA suka samu shine, da ɗaukar Canonical a matsayin misali: Idan ku masu haɓaka ne, gyara ko haɓaka software da aka haɗa a cikin kundin bayanan da aka haɗe da CLA, kun sanya haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka wanda ba ku keta haƙƙin mallaka da zaka iya yin haka. Hakanan kun yarda kada ku ɗauki wani mataki akan Canonical, duk wanda ya karɓi software na Canonical, ko kuma wanda ya karɓi Software a ƙarƙashin Lasisin Software na Kyauta. Hakanan, Canonical baya tilasta komai akan ku, gami da abin da Canonical ya canza lasisi. Akwai nau'ikan kariyar juna, a fili yake Mai riko ne, ba komai. Da yawa don ku, mai haɓakawa, duk da an canja wurin haƙƙin mallaka, kuna iya ci gaba da yin abin da kuke so tare da lambar, amma dole ne ku sanar da Canonical kuma ku girmama tsarin CLA, wanda ba shi da tsauri sosai kuma ya ƙare har ya amfanar duka. Wannan shine, dalilan 1 da 2 na post.
Fedora - Red Hat CLA tana ci gaba da juyawa a kaina, ba saboda "takaddama" ba, amma saboda an ba shi izini don bayarwa da / ko sayar da lambar kai tsaye.
Wadannan kwanakin na ba da komawa ga wasu CLAs, na waɗanda aka ambata.
Labari mai kyau, rubutacce sosai, an rubuta kuma anyi bincike sosai. Abubuwa kamar haka suna da wuyar ganin kwanakin nan! Ba wai kawai a intanet ba, har ma a cikin "aikin binciken aikin bincike" na sauran kafofin watsa labarai.
Game da batun, ban san da wanzuwar waɗannan lasisin ba kuma a zahirin gaskiya kasancewar su ba wani abu ne mai kyau ba a wurina. Sai dai a cikin shari'o'in da aka canza lambar Canonical, amma GPL yana ba da wani abu makamancin haka, ba tare da sanya haƙƙin mallaka ba? Ban fahimci bambanci tsakanin canja wurin haƙƙoƙi zuwa kamfanin ba ko karɓar aikin kawai da bin shi da kansa, da aka ba misali cewa software ɗin lasisi ne a ƙarƙashin GPL, ƙarƙashin wasu lasisin da ke ba da izinin sake lasisi zai zama wani labari.
Daga can abin da na fada wauta ne, dokokin ba ƙarfina ba ne.