Bambanci tsakanin "software kyauta" da "tushen tushe"

Kodayake a aikace software na buɗe tushen kayan aiki da software kyauta suna raba lasisin su da yawa, la FSF yana tunanin motsi na buɗe tushen ya bambanta da ilimin falsafa da motsi na software kyauta. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman tunda galibi suna rikicewa kuma ana amfani da kalmomin "kyauta" da "tushen buɗewa" ta hanyar musayar ra'ayi.

Ya bayyana a 1998 lokacin da wasu gungun mutane, ciki har da Eric S. Raymond da Bruce Perens, suka kafa Open Source Initiative (OSI). Manufar su ita ce ba da fifiko ga fa'idodi masu amfani na rarraba lambar tushe, da kuma sha'awar manyan gidajen software da sauran kamfanoni a cikin masana'antar keɓaɓɓiyar fasaha a cikin manufar. Yayin da FSF da Richard Stallman suka fi son gabatar da al'amarin ta hanyar da'a ta amfani da kalmar Free Software.

Waɗannan masu karewa suna ganin cewa kalmar "buɗaɗɗiyar tushe", a cikin budaddiyar budaddiyar Ingilishi, tana nisantar da shubuhohin kalmar "kyauta" a Turanci, wanda FSF ke amfani da ita yayin magana game da "software kyauta" (software kyauta). A gefe guda, ya ba ta ƙarin "fasaha" da "tsaka tsaki" sunan wanda ba ya tsoratar da kamfanoni ko gwamnatoci; sabanin haka, kalmar "kyauta" ta sa da yawa daga cikin 'yan kasuwar duniya cire shi daga radar su tunda "babu ciniki a can" kuma gwamnatoci da daidaikun mutane da dama sun alakanta shi da kwaminisanci, da sauransu.

Kalmar "mabudin budewa" Christine Peterson ce ta cibiyar bincike ta Foresight Institute, kuma kalmar Ingilishi ta kayan kayan kyauta kyauta an yi rajista don aiki a matsayin alamar kasuwanci.

Mutane da yawa sun yarda da fa'idodin ingancin tsarin haɓaka software lokacin da masu haɓaka zasu iya amfani da, gyaggyarawa, da sake rarraba lambar tushe na shirin, waɗanda duka waɗanda Richard Stallman da FSF suka samo asali ne. Don cikakken nazarin fa'idodi waɗanda waɗannan 'yanci ke gabatarwa yayin haɓaka software, ina ba da shawarar karanta "Cathedral da Bazaar" na Eric S. Raymond.

Koyaya, motsi na software kyauta yana sanya girmamawa ta musamman akan ɗabi'a ko ɗabi'a na software, ganin ƙwarewar fasaha azaman samfuri mai buƙata, amma an samo shi daga ƙa'idodinsa na ɗabi'a. Sourceungiyar buɗe tushen buɗe tana ganin ƙwarewar fasaha azaman babban burin, tare da raba lambar tushe kasancewarta hanyar hakan.. A saboda wannan dalili, FSF ta nisanta kanta daga duka hanyar buɗe tushen da kalmar "Buɗe Tushen".

Tunda OSI kawai yana yarda da lasisi wanda ya dace da OSD (Ma'anar Buɗe Asusun), yawancin mutane suna fassara shi azaman tsarin rarrabawa, kuma suna musayar "buɗaɗɗiyar tushe" tare da "software kyauta". Duk da cewa akwai muhimman bambance-bambancen falsafa tsakanin kalmomin guda biyu, musamman ta fuskar abubuwan da suke zaburar da su wajen samarwa da amfani da irin wadannan manhajoji. Koyaya, waɗannan bambance-bambance da wuya su sami tasiri a kan aikin haɗin gwiwa.

"Ungiyar "buɗe tushen", ta hanyar Open Source Initiative, ya bambanta da motsi na software na kyauta, wanda asalin sa shine Free Software Foundation. Koyaya, duk da cewa basu dace da juna ba a mahangar Falsafa, sun kusan zama daidai daga mahangar aiki; a zahiri, dukkan ƙungiyoyi suna aiki tare cikin haɓaka ci gaban ayyuka da yawa.

Bukatun masu laushi. mabudin budewa ".

Manufar bude tushen ta dogara ne akan cewa ta hanyar raba lambar, shirin da aka samu ya kasance ya fi inganci zuwa kayan masarufi, hangen nesa ne. A gefe guda kuma, software kyauta tana da ilimin falsafa har ma da halaye na ɗabi'a: software na mallaka, kamar yadda ba za a iya raba ta ba, "rashin ɗabi'a ce" tun da yake hana rabawa tsakanin mutane ya saba wa hankali.

Kamar software kyauta, Buɗe tushen ko tushen buɗe yana da jerin buƙatun da ake buƙata don shirin da za'a yi la'akari dashi a cikin wannan motsi, wadannan su ne:

• Rarrabawa kyauta: dole ne a bayar da software kyauta ko kuma siyar da ita.
• Lambar tushe- Dole ne a haɗa lambar tushe ko a samo ta kyauta.
• Ayyuka masu fa'ida: dole ne a sake rarraba abubuwan gyare-gyare.
• Mutuncin lambar marubucin: Lasisi na iya buƙatar a sake rarraba shi kawai azaman faci.
• Ba tare da nuna bambanci ba na mutane ko ƙungiyoyi: ba wanda za a bari.
• Babu nuna bambanci ga yankunan ƙaddamarwa: ba za a cire masu amfani da kasuwanci ba.
• Rarraba lasisi- Hakkoki iri daya ya kamata ya shafi duk wanda ya sami shirin
• Dole ne lasisi ya zama takamaiman samfur- Ba za a iya ba da lasisin shirin shi kaɗai ba a matsayin ɓangare na babban rarrabawa.
• Dole ne lasisi ya ƙuntata wasu software: lasisi ba zai iya tilasta cewa duk wata software da aka rarraba tare da buɗe software dole ita ma ta kasance tushen buɗewa.
• Dole ne lasisin ya zama tsaka-tsaki na fasaha- Karɓar lasisi ta hanyar hanyar linzamin kwamfuta ko kuma takamaiman takamaiman software ba dole ba a buƙata.

Wannan decalogue ya dace da 'yanci hudu na software kyauta.

FOSS & FLOSS

Kodayake kalmar "mabubbugar tushe" tana kawar da shubuhar kalmar '' kyauta '', tana rikita ma'anarta biyu '' kyauta '' vs. "Kyauta", shigar da sabonTsakanin shirye-shiryen da suka dace da ma'anar Open Source, wanda ke ba masu amfani da 'yanci don inganta su, da shirye-shiryen da kawai ke da lambar tushe, kuma mai yiwuwa tare da ƙuntatawa masu ƙarfi kan amfani da irin wannan lambar tushe.

Mutane da yawa sunyi imanin cewa duk wani software da ke da lambar tushe wanda aka samo shine tushen tushe, tunda suna iya sarrafa shi (misalin wannan nau'in software zai zama sanannen kunshin software kyauta Graphviz, da farko ba kyauta ba amma wanda ya haɗa da lambar tushe, kodayake AT&T daga baya ya canza lasisin). Koyaya, yawancin wannan software ɗin bai ba masu amfani da shi 'yancin rarraba gyare-gyarensu ba, yana ƙuntata amfani da kasuwanci, ko gaba ɗaya yana taƙaita haƙƙin masu amfani.

Wannan ya sa kalmar "mabudin budewa" ta kasance ambivalent, tunda wasu kamfanonin sharri ko jahilai suna amfani da manufar don ayyana samfuransu alhali a zahiri ba software ce ta kyauta ba amma kawai suna ba da lambar tushe na shirye-shiryen don amfanin su, bita ko gyare-gyare da aka ba izini a baya.

Bai wa ambivalence ta sama, an fi son amfani da kalmar kyauta software don komawa zuwa shirye-shiryen da aka bayar tare da cikakken 'yancin yin kwaskwarima, amfani da rarrabawa a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idar ƙa'idar rashin gyaggyara abubuwan da aka faɗi nan gaba.

Kalmar da ke ƙoƙarin warware yiwuwar shubuha ko rikicewar da kalmomin biyu ke haifarwa shine FOSS (free kuma bude tushen software). Hakanan ana amfani da kalmar FLASH (free / libre da kuma bude tushen software).