A cikin wannan sabuwar damar (Shigarwa # 8) game da "Koyi Rubutun Shell" za mu fi mai da hankali kan ka'idar fiye da aiki. ma'ana, ba zamu girka ko nazarin lamba ba ko sanya wani takamaiman software (kunshin), amma zamu shiga cikin menene duniyar Scriptan Shell yadda yakamata yayi magana, ta hanyar amsoshin ƙananan tambayoyin amma kai tsaye, waɗanda aka nuna a ƙasa, don bayyana yawancin abin da aka koyar, wanda baya magana kai tsaye zuwa lambar ciki wanda aka tsara:
Menene Shell a cikin GNU / Linux Operating System?
Shell wanda a cikin Sifeniyanci ke nufin CONCHA (harsashi, murfi, kariya). Aikace-aikacen wannan lokacin a cikin Tsarin Aiki yana nufin mai fassarar umarni na Tsarin Aiki. Gabaɗaya, haɗin keɓaɓɓen rubutu ne, wanda aka bayyana a cikin sigar Terminal (Console) kuma da mahimmanci ana amfani dashi don yankuna mahimman ayyuka guda 3:
1.- Gudanar da OS,
2.- Gudanar da aikace-aikace kuyi hulɗa dasu, kuma
3.- Yi aiki azaman asalin tsarin shirye-shirye.
Da yawa SO, GNU / Linux har yanzu ana sarrafa su sosai ta hanyar daidaita fayilolin sanyi, ta Terminal. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, waɗannan ana samun su akan hanyar zuwa: «/ sauransu ", kuma a cikin takamaiman kundin adireshi don kowane aikace-aikace. Misali, shirin Amfani (wanda yake tsaye wa Loader na Linux) an daidaita shi ta hanyar gyara fayil ɗin rubutu wanda yake kuma an kira shi azaman "/Etc/lilo/lilo.conf". Dangane da shirye-shirye (aikace-aikace), ana ƙaddamar da waɗannan (aiwatarwa / kunnawa) ta hanyar rubuta sunan wanda za'a iya aiwatarwa, idan an same shi a cikin hanyar (hanyar tsoho) ga duk masu aiwatarwa, kamar yadda ya saba "/ Usr / bin" , ko ta hanyar buga sunan wanda aka zartar a gabanin: ./, daga kundin adireshin inda suke.
Duk wannan sanannen sananne ne ga duk wani mai amfani da Shell. Koyaya, ba sanannen sanannen haɓaka shine ƙarfin sa azaman yanayin shirye-shirye. Rubutun (shirye-shiryen) da aka yi a cikin Shell ba sa buƙatar tattara su. Kamfanin na Shell yana fassara su layi-layi. Saboda haka, waɗannan sanannu ne ko laƙabi da suna Shells Scripts, kuma suna iya kewayawa daga umarni masu sauƙi zuwa jerin hadaddun umarni masu rikitarwa don fara OS ɗin kanta. suna da tsari mai tsabta (bayyananne) (ginin, oda), sanya su kyakkyawar hanyar farawa a duniyar shirye-shirye.
Menene Rubutun Shell?
Yana da dabara (fasaha / rashin iya aiki) na tsarawa da ƙirƙirar Rubutu (fayil ɗin aiki kai tsaye) ta amfani da Shell (zai fi dacewa) na Tsarin Gudanarwa, ko Editan Rubutu (Shafi ko Tushe). Wannan nau'in yare ne wanda ake fassara shi gabaɗaya. Wancan shine, yayin da yawancin shirye-shirye ake tattarawa (masu lamba), saboda ana canza su har abada zuwa takamaiman (keɓaɓɓen) lambar kafin a aiwatar da su (aikin tattarawa), rubutun harsashi ya kasance a cikin asalin sa (asalin lambar rubutun sa) kuma suna fassara umarnin ta hanyar umarni duk lokacin da aka aiwatar da su. Kodayake yana yiwuwa cewa za'a iya tattara rubutun kuma, kodayake ba haka bane.
Menene halayen shirye-shiryen da aka tsara akan shirye-shirye a ƙarƙashin Rubutun Shell?
1.- Sun fi saukin rubutawa (program), amma tare da tsadar aiki idan aka aiwatar dasu.
2.- Suna amfani da masu fassara maimakon compilers don gudu
3.- Suna da alaƙar sadarwa tare da abubuwan haɗin da aka rubuta a cikin wasu yarukan shirye-shirye.
4.- Fayilolin da suke dauke dasu ana ajiyesu azaman rubutu bayyananne.
5.- Tsarin ƙarshe (lambar) yawanci yana ƙanƙan da abin da zai yi daidai a cikin harshen shirya shirye-shirye.
Waɗanne ne shahararrun nau'ikan harsuna a ƙarƙashin Rubutun Shell?
1. - Aiki da harshe mai kula da harsashi:
a) cmd.exe (Windows NT, Windows CE, OS / 2),
b) COMMAND.COM (DOS, Windows 9x),
c) Csh, Bash, AppleScript, sh,
d) JScript ta hanyar Mai watsa shiri na Windows,
e) VBScript ta hanyar Mai watsa shiri na Windows Script,
f) REXX, a tsakanin sauran mutane.
2 - Rubutun GUI (Yarukan Macros):
a) AutoHotkey,
b) Ta atomatik,
c) Yi tsammani,
d) Mai sarrafa kansa, da sauransu.
3. - Yaren rubutun takamaiman aikace-aikace:
a) ActionScript a cikin Flash,
b) MATLAB,
c) rubutun mIRC,
d) QuakeC, da sauransu.
4.- Shirye-shiryen yanar gizo (don shafuka masu ƙarfi):
a) A gefen sabar:
- PHP,
- ASP (Shafukan Sabis Mai Aiki),
- Shafukan JavaServer,
- ColdFusion,
- IPTSCRAE,
- Lasso,
- Rubutun MIVA,
- SMX,
- XSLT, da sauransu.
b) A gefen abokin ciniki:
- JavaScript,
- JScript,
- VBScript,
- Tcl, da sauransu.
5.- Yarukan sarrafa kalmomi:
- AWK,
- Perl,
- Thiishirwa,
- XSLT,
- Bash, da sauransu.
6.- Manufa mai mahimmanci game da harsuna:
- APL,
- Boo,
- Dylan,
- Ferite,
- Groovy,
- IO,
- Lisp,
- Lua,
- MUMPS (M),
- NewLISP,
- Nuva,
- Perl,
- PHP,
- Python,
- Ruby,
- Makirci,
- Smalltalk,
- SuperCard,
- Tcl,
- Juyin juya hali, da sauransu.
Menene Bash a cikin GNU / Linux?
Tsarin komputa ne wanda aikin sa shine fassara umarni. Yana dogara ne akan Harsashi na Unix kuma tana goyan baya POSIX. An rubuta shi don aikin GNU kuma shine asalin harsashi don yawancin rabon Linux.
Menene Rubutun Shell a cikin GNU / Linux?
Rubutun Harsashi suna da matukar amfani. Yana da kyau a rubuta wadancan bukatun da muke dasu sannan kuma a gyara rubutun da suke mana wannan aikin. Zuwa yanzu, lokaci yayi da za ku tambayi kanku menene ainihin rubutun. Fayil ne na rubutu, mai ɗauke da jerin umarnin harsashi, wanda tsarin ke aiwatarwa cikin tsari, daga sama zuwa ƙasa. Don gyara su, kuna buƙatar editan rubutu ne kawai, kamar su Emacs, Vi, Nano, tsakanin waɗanda suke da yawa. An sami ceto tare da ƙarin ".sh" (ko ba tare da shi ba, a wasu lokuta) kuma ana gudana daga Shell ta amfani da umarnin: sh rubutun suna.sh. Rubutun yayi daidai da umarnin harsashi.
Hanyar koyarwa da ni kaina nayi amfani da ita "Koyi Rubutun Shell" Yana da amfani kuma kai tsaye, ma'ana, bincika cikakken Rubutun da ke aiki, rubanya shi, nazarin shi jumla ta jumla, layi bisa layi, umarni bisa umarni, mai canzawa zuwa canji, har sai kun fahimci yadda kowane ɓangaren yake aiki daban da yadda yake shiga cikin lambar janar. Yana da irin Gyara Injiniyan ko Sake Sake software. Duk wannan don dacewa da ilimin, inganta shi (inganta shi) da raba shi, don fa'idodin gama gari da ingantaccen tsarin gudanarwa da haɓaka tsarin Ayyuka na kyauta.
Ta yaya yake aiki da aiki a cikin Shell GNU / Linux?
Mataki na farko a aiki tare da Shell shine gudanar da harsashi. Abinda ya zama kamar gaskiyar gaskiya yana da dalilin kasancewarsa. A cikin wasu rarraba mai amfani na GNU / Linux, harsashi ya ɓoye sosai. A ka'ida, ana kiran sa: Konsole, Terminal, Terminal X, ko wani abu makamancin haka. Wani zaɓi shine amfani da na'ura mai kwakwalwa ta kama-da-wane. Amfani da: Ctrl + Alt + f1, ko f2, ko f3 zuwa f7 ko f8, ya danganta da Rarraba GNU / Linux da kuke amfani da su. Shell da aka fi amfani da shi a cikin GNU / Linux shine Bash, kodayake akwai wasu, kamar su ksh ko C Shell. A halin da nake ciki, musamman don wallafe-wallafen da nake amfani da Bash Shell.
An ba da Rubutun da aka yi a Bash Shell da ake kira sannu_a duniya.sh za a iya bayyana masu zuwa:
Abun ciki:
#! / bin / bash
amsa kuwwa hello duniya
Rushewa:
Layin farko na rubutun
#! / bin / bash
Nuna shirin da ya kamata rubutun yayi aiki. Idan ba za'a iya samun shirin ba, kuskure zai faru.
Layi na biyu na rubutun
amsa kuwwa hello duniya
Zartar da amsar amsa kuwwa tare da mahawara ta Duniya, mai haddasa su nuna akan allon.
Kisa: Muna iya gudanar da rubutun ta hanyoyi biyu
Nemi mai fassara don gudanar da rubutun:
# bash sannu_ duniya.sh
Hakanan za'a iya gudanar dashi azaman:
# sh sannu_ duniya.sh
Amma tunda ba a kira gaskiyan Shell dinka ba, yana iya aiki rabin. Tabbas, Shell da aka kira a layin farko shine wanda ake amfani dashi don aiwatar dashi.
Hakanan zaka iya gudanar da rubutun kai tsaye kamar haka:
# ./ salam_ duniya.sh
Note: ./ yana nuna gudu daga shugabanci na yanzu.
Sauran abin da ya rage don bincika shine lambar da kuka saka a ciki. Ina fatan cewa kamar koyaushe kuna son (wasu fiye da wasu, gwargwadon ilmantarwa da bukatun ilimi) wannan jerin Scriptan Shell.
Akwai hanyoyi masu kyau da yawa akan wannan batun akan yanar gizo, amma na bar muku wannan ɗan jagorar wanda yake nan DesdeLinux.net Kuma wannan Jagoran waje.
Har zuwa na gaba post!
Lilo .. Linux Loader .. sauran bayanan suna da kyau sosai .. godiya .. salu2 d4ny.-
Gaisuwa ga duk waɗanda ke bin Hanyar Lantarki na "Koyi Shell Rubuta" nan ba da jimawa ba za mu ci gaba da sauran mahimman rubutun don ci gaba da dace da ilimin da ci gaba da zamantakewa da shi ga kowa.
Ina fatan kun kasance a cikin nutsuwa saboda nan ba da jimawa ba zan fara da lambobin da suka ci gaba amma an fallasa su ta hanyar da za a iya fahimta ta gani duk da irin rikitarta.
Ka tuna cewa tare da Shell Scripting zaka iya yin abubuwa masu rikitarwa da yawa waɗanda suke kan layi (Daban-daban Distros) ta amfani da ƙananan fayiloli. Zan bar muku wannan ƙaramin allo na wani abu wanda zan koya muku ba da daɗewa ba, ga waɗanda suka ci gaba da kallon kwas ɗin, kuma cewa tare da 50Kb kawai ya yi alƙawari da yawa! Kuma shine rabin abin da za'a iya yi tare da Rubutun Shell.
LPI-SB8 Gwajin GwajiCast (LINUX POST INSTALL - LITTAFIN BICENTENARIO 8.0.0)
(lpi_sb8_adaptation-audiovisual_2016.sh / 43Kb)
Duba Hasken allo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWpVQcbgCyY
Barka dai, gudummawarku abin birgewa ne, da gaske na gode sosai !!
Ina da ɗan shakku, zan iya shirya mai tarawa tare da bash?
Ko aƙalla mai nazarin kalmomi?
yana da wannan iko?
Gaisuwa ga duk waɗanda ke bin Kundin kan layi na "Koyi Shell Rubuta" nan ba da jimawa ba za mu ci gaba da wasu mahimman rubutun don ci gaba da dace da ilimin da ci gaba da zamantakewa da shi ga kowa. Ina fatan kun kasance a cikin nutsuwa saboda nan ba da jimawa ba zan fara da lambobin da suka ci gaba amma an fallasa su ta hanyar da za a iya fahimta ta gani duk da irin rikitarta.
Ka tuna cewa tare da Shell Scripting zaka iya yin abubuwa masu rikitarwa da yawa waɗanda suke kan layi (Daban-daban Distros) ta amfani da ƙananan fayiloli. Zan bar muku wannan ƙaramin allo na wani abu wanda zan koya muku ba da daɗewa ba, ga waɗanda suka ci gaba da kallon kwas ɗin, kuma cewa tare da 50Kb kawai ya yi alƙawari da yawa! Kuma shine rabin abin da za'a iya yi tare da Rubutun Shell.
LPI-SB8 Gwajin GwajiCast (LINUX POST INSTALL - LITTAFIN BICENTENARIO 8.0.0)
(lpi_sb8_adaptation-audiovisual_2016.sh / 43Kb)
Duba Hasken allo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWpVQcbgCyY
Sannu Jose,
Da farko na gode da raba iliminku. Abubuwanku suna da ban sha'awa sosai.
Abubuwa biyu, ina ganin yana da matukar mahimmanci ayi amfani da maganganun biyu "Barka da Duniya" kuma a sami tsabtace rubutun rubutunmu tare da fita 0
Godiya ga gudummawarku, a cikin Rubutu na gaba zaku ga amfani da hanyar fita 0, fasa, da sauransu!
Na gode.
Mai ban sha'awa sosai, kun mai da shi mai sauƙi; Yanzu, na sami labarin cewa ba zan iya yin shiri a cikin Linux tare da cron ko a, rufewa / dakatarwa / hibernate, tare da sakamakon farawa ta atomatik ta amfani da umarnin rtc na farkawa, ban sani ba ko rubutun da wannan umarnin zai taimaka, ko za su bi cron kuma ba tare da yin komai ba, ko kawai ba za a iya yin shi ba, ko kuma a yi shi ta wata hanyar, ko kuma ina da buri sosai, amma a cikin Windows yana da sauƙin yin hakan. Ina so in matsa zuwa Linux, amma yana da mahimmanci a gare ni in tsara jadawalin rufewa / dakatarwa / hibernate kuma PC ya fara da kansa. Gaisuwa.
Wataƙila wannan zai ba ku wasu sabbin dabaru: http://cirelramos.blogspot.com/2016/01/reiniciar-apagar-o-ejecutar-otra-tarea.html
http://cirelramos.blogspot.com/2015/12/programar-servidor-para-enviar-mensajes.html
Na gode, zan karanta su sosai, wani abu zai taimake ni. Gaisuwa.
Wani lokaci da suka wuce na fara aiki, wanda nake tsammanin ɗayan ne. Misali ne na Framewok Bash. Yana buƙatar Bash kawai akan tsarin.
Idan wani yana da sha'awar, ana gayyata shi don gwada shi da haɗin kai!
Na gode!
Dear Eduardo, ina tsammanin babban aiki ne, watakila za ku iya raba shi tare da daukacin al'umma desdelinux, ku tuna cewa zaku iya buga labarin game da aikinku akan gidan yanar gizon mu, idan ba ku san yadda ake yin shi ba ina ba da shawarar karantawa. https://blog.desdelinux.net/guia-redactores-editores/ a ina ne mafi kyawun ayyuka don ƙirƙirar labarai a ciki desdelinux da tsarin da za a yi. Yiwuwa ga al'umma yana da kyau da farko su san fa'idodin aikin ku na biyu don koyon yadda ake yin irin waɗannan abubuwan. Muna gayyatar ku kuma muna gayyatar wasu don raba ayyukansu tare da mu da kuma babbar al'umma da ke kewaye da mu.
Barka da rana.
Ni sabon abu ne ga duniyar sarrafa mashin din Linux, kuma ina so in san abin da kuke ba da shawara gare shi: ksh, bash, perl, php, python thon.
Na gode sosai da gaisuwa.
Mika'ilu.