Gano yadda fashin teku ke amfanuwa da kayan masarufi

A cikin wannan cikakken bayanin na sadaukar da kaina ga warware wasu tatsuniyoyi na yau da kullun da ra'ayoyi game da software kyauta da alaƙar ta da fashin teku. Na farko, karyata rikice-rikice na yau da kullun da ke hade da software kyauta da fashin teku, kamar dai abu ɗaya ne ... ko ƙari ko ƙasa da haka. Na biyu, zurfafa cikin gaskiyar da ba mu da masaniya akai: yadda amfani da software na fashin kwamfuta ke lalata ci gaban aikace-aikacen "kyauta".

Bambanci tsakanin software ta kyauta da satar software

La fashin teku yana haifar da mara izini ko haramtaccen amfani da ayyukan da dokokin copyright a hanyar da ta keta duk wani haƙƙin keɓantaccen marubucin, kamar haƙƙin haifuwa ko haƙƙin yin ayyukan ƙira.

El software kyauta, maimakon haka, shi ne duk wata manhaja da take mutunta 'yancin masu amfani. A cewar Asusun Free Software Foundation, yana nufin 'yanci na masu amfani don gudana, kwafa, rarrabawa, nazari, canzawa da haɓaka software; mafi daidai, yana nufin 'yanci hudu na masu amfani da software: 'yanci don amfani da shirin, don kowane dalili; don nazarin aikin shirin, da daidaita shi da buƙatun; don rarraba kwafi, ta haka taimaka wa wasu da inganta shirin da inganta abubuwan a bainar jama'a, ta yadda dukkan al'umma za su amfana (don 'yanci na biyu da na ƙarshe da aka ambata, samun dama ga lambar tushe sharadi ne).

A rikice? Gabaɗaya sun rikice saboda an yi kuskuren yarda cewa masu kare software kyauta suna canza ka'idojinsu zuwa software na mallaka, suna son amfani da waɗancan freedancin a kanta.. Watau, son rarrabawa, duba lambar, raba, da dai sauransu. mallakar software. Wannan karya ne. Masu ba da shawara ga software na kyauta suna son duk software a duniya don bawa masu amfani da masu haɓaka waɗannan 'yanci, wannan gaskiya ne, amma Maimakon "satar fasaha" ta kayan masarufi, suna rubutawa, tallafi, rarrabawa, da amfani da wasu software da ke samar da waɗancan thoseancin.. Don haka, misali, a matsayin madadin Office suna haɓakawa, tallafawa, rarrabawa da amfani da OpenOffice, don haka tare da sauran shirye-shiryen: maimakon IE, Firefox; maimakon Windows ko Mac, Linux… kuma jerin suna ci gaba.

Fashin jirgin ruwa yana cutar software ta kyauta

Fashin teku na software gaskiya ne a cikin duniyar yau inda bayanai ke da sauƙin raba da canja wuri. Ko da wane irin matakan DRM ne masu haɓaka software na kasuwanci ke aiwatarwa, komai ci gaban ko maƙasudin sabon ƙa'idodin "ƙa'idodin", wani koyaushe zai sami hanyar ƙirƙirar "togiya" ... wanda a ƙarshe zai zama, kamar fashin software, ka'ida.

Dole ne in sanya kwafin Windows a kan yawancin mutane tare da CD ɗin da suka ba ni. Har yanzu ban ga wani akwatin Windows na asali ba. Babban matsalar satar software ba lamari ne kawai na musamman da ke shigowa cikin al'ummarmu ba, al'ada ce..

Ina shirye in cinye 'yan kuɗi da yawa daga cikinku da ke karanta wannan rukunin yanar gizon suna amfani da software na fashi a yanzu; Har sai da na yanke shawarar gwada Linux, shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, nayi matukar farin ciki da yin hakan da kaina ... asalima bisa rashin sani, amma kuma saboda wasu dalilai. Bayan duk wannan, wanene zai sanya ido sosai don aikawa da 'yan sanda suna buga ƙofar gidanku saboda kawai kun zazzage Ofishin 2007 da aka yi wa fashin? Amma, Lokacin saukar da kwafin ɗaukacin ɗakin kera Adobe a cikin awa ɗaya daga rukunin yanar gizonku da kuka fi so, ba ku da cikakkiyar masaniyar duk abubuwan da amfani da software na ɓaraun kaya zai iya yi wa al'ummar ci gaban software.

Pirates har yanzu suna taimaka wa masu haɓakawa

Da alama wani abu ne na gama gari, wanda na gani tsakanin mutane da yawa, don gaskata cewa fashin teku hanya ce mai kyau don "dunƙule" manyan hotuna kamar Adobe ko Microsoft, ta hanyar guje wa sayan kwafin asali mai tsada. Yana da sauki fahimtar wannan tunanin, idan kun zazzage shirin ba bisa ƙa'ida ba maimakon ku biya kamfanin don haƙƙin amfani da shi, "monopolies" sun rasa sayarwa. Rashin kuɗi zuwa ƙarancin software ita ce hanya mafi kyau don “nutsar da” su. Wannan, kamar yadda za mu gani, ƙarya ne.

Buga manyan hotuna!

An fada a can cewa shugaban Microsoft Bill Gates, dangane da adadi mai yawa na kwafi na Windows da aka fara yawo a cikin kasar Sin a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan (ciki har da hukumomin jihar), ya ce Kodayake na yi tunani cewa mummunan abu ne cewa mutane a China sun saci kayan aikin software da yawa, idan za su saci kowanne daga cikinsu, tabbas zan fi son hakan ya zama mai laushi. daga Microsoft.

Yana da ban sha'awa tunani game da sakamakon wannan. Kamfanin software na kasuwanci tabbas ya fi son a saci kayan aikin su maimakon gujewa gaba ɗaya. Dukda cewa basu samun kudi sosai daga gareta, mutane suna amfani da software naku ne ba na wani ba, wanda hakan na nufin za a samu karin kudin shiga.. Don haka, a can cikin zurfin, satar fasaha ba ta rage wa kamfanoni kuɗi. Wannan gaskiya ne, misali, game da batun Microsoft: ba su damu ba, kuma ba za su iya sarrafawa ba, cewa kowane ɗayanmu yana da kwafin gaske na Windows ko Office (samfuran nan biyu da suka ba ku kuɗi mafi yawa) a cikin gida , amma suna kula da cewa muna dasu kuma mun ɗauke su a matsayin hanya ɗaya tak da za ayi amfani da kwamfuta. Kasuwancin su shine siyarwa ga manyan kamfanoni da Jihohi, yankunan da zasu iya sarrafa amfani da ainihin kwafi.

Amma, gina "mizani" wani lokacin yana aiki ta wata hanyar (daga aiki zuwa gida). Kayayyakin Adobe misali ne mai kyau, musamman Photoshop. Idan ka duba a cikin jarida don tallata aiki a fagen zane-zane, zane-zane, tambura, ko wani abu makamancin haka, da alama ka lura cewa suna neman masu zane da gogewa game da amfani da Adobe Photoshop da / ko Mai zane . Dukansu Photoshop, da Dreamweaver, da Flash duk shirye-shiryen masana'antu ne. Don haka koda wani abu mafi kyau yazo tare, mutane zasuyi amfani da Adobe, saboda shine "ƙa'idar" a masana'antar.

Yawancin masu zane-zane na san suna amfani da nau'ikan satar hotuna na Photoshop a gida saboda ba za su iya biyan asalin sigar ba, kuma saboda abin da suke amfani da shi a kan facu ko a wurin aiki. Na nuna wa wasu daga cikinsu fa'idodin amfani da GIMP a maimakon haka, kuma amsar ita ce cikakken ƙi da GIMP. Tsarin sa ya zama baƙon abu a gare su, basu fahimci fa'idodi na GIMP akan Photoshop ba, wanda tabbas yana da su da yawa, amma sama da duka, GIMP bai ma kasance mai rahusa fiye da fasarar da aka yi ba ta Photoshop! Daga qarshe, yayin wucewar lokaci, wasu daga cikinsu aka tilasta su sayi asalin Photoshop don gujewa matsaloli.

Darasin shine kodayake baku biya software ba tukunna, tabbas kamfanin ya riga ya siyar muku dashi.. Ta wata hanyar ko wata, kuna ba da gudummawa, ba tare da sanin shi ba, don kiyaye ƙa'idodin masana'antu, sannan kuma kuna kan hanya ɗaya ta haɓaka wannan software ɗin ba tare da karɓar nauyi a kanta ba..

Saboda wannan dalili, Microsoft Windows suna da 90% na kasuwar tebur. Abin da yawancin mutane suka saba sawa ne. Microsoft ba ya son rasa kuɗi ta hanyar satar fasaha, amma a cikin dogon lokaci, suna biyan diyya ta hanyar "ƙa'idodin gini" a kasuwa, tare da goyon bayan masu satar bayanai da masu amfani da doka.

Wanene ya yi hasara?

Dukanmu mun taɓa jin kukan gungu da yawa na kamfanonin software da ke jayayya game da rashin amfani da software da aka sata, amma duk da cewa suna amfani da wasu dalilai masu ma'ana, galibi muhawara ce kawai wacce ke cikin maslaharsu. Gaba ɗaya, sun bayyana hakan satar software tana cutar da tattalin arzikin duniya, tare da haifar da asarar ayyuka; Sun kuma ambaci cewa kudin masu amfani da halal dole ne su tafi don yaki da satar fasaha maimakon amfani da su wajen inganta manhajar, kuma a karshe, suna jayayya cewa satar kayan aikin sau da yawa ya hada da rarraba kwafi ko kwayoyi masu dauke da cuta.

Duk da cewa ingancin wannan batun na ƙarshe yana da mahimmanci sosai, akwai wasu ƙananan sakamako waɗanda ba a rubuce waɗanda suka dace musamman ga masu gabatar da Software na Free.

Masu amfani da halal ba tare da wata shakka ba masu hasara: farashi ya tashi saboda fashin teku (ko kuma, aƙalla, wannan shi ne uzurin da yawancin kamfanoni ke amfani da shi), yana jagorantar abokan ciniki na halal don biyan ƙarin don amfani da samfurin iri ɗaya; yadda yakamata, wannan yana nufin cewa suna "rama" abin da masu satar software ba sa biya.

Me masu haɓaka Software na kyauta suka ce game da wannan duka?

Fashin teku na kayan masarufi kuma yana da tasiri marar ganuwa ga masu haɓaka software kyauta. Kayan aikin kyauta, kodayake yana iya samar da kuɗin shiga ga kamfanonin da suka haɓaka, rarraba ko tallafi, ba shi da babbar manufar samar da kuɗaɗen shiga, amma fa'idodin jama'a: taimakon masu amfani da software kyauta shine mahimmin jijiya na jama'a. Saboda haka, idan wani ya yanke shawarar zazzage kwafin "trout" na MS Office 2007 maimakon OpenOffice.org, masu haɓaka OOo sun rasa mai amfani, mai ba da shawara, kuma mai yiwuwa mai ba da gudummawa. Watau, sun yi asara fiye da kawai 'abokin ciniki', 'rabon kasuwa' ko 'yuwuwar (makoma) ko ainihin riba (ta yanzu).

Hatta yaduwar "kananan sifofi" na kayan masarufi yana da tasiri kan motsin kayan aikin kyauta. Idan har yanzu kana amfani da Photoshop, ba tare da ka sani ba ka '' tallata '' shi ne, saboda kawai amfani da shi. Wannan ba wani abu bane wanda dole ne ku "azabtar da kanku kowane dare", amma ya cancanci ambata kuma "sa shi bayyane", saboda haƙiƙa ce da ba a lura da ita. Idan yawancin masu amfani suna amfani da software daga ƙananan kamfanoni, kuna ba su dama don tilasta ikonsu a cikin masana'antar.

Misali mai kyau na wannan shine Flash. Flash har yanzu tsari ne mai rufewa, kuma hanya guda daya da za'a iya samar da bidiyo da aikace-aikacen filashi "taka tsantsan" shine tare da software ta Adobe. Asali Adobe ya kirkiro kadaici, kuma kusan babu wasu hanyoyin da zasu canza shi. Idan ka inganta wani abu da Adobe Flash, ko an biya ko an yi masa fashin, za ka goyi bayan Adobe kuma ka kara rike wannan "mizanin" a masana'antar. Wannan ya cancanci bayyanawa, babu ruwan sa da ingancin manhajar. Flash da PDFs, samfura biyu masu "nauyi" na Adobe, waɗanda suka gina mizani a kan yanar gizo, an tabbatar da su sau da yawa don kasancewa tushen mafi yawan rashin lahani a cikin Windows. Hakanan bashi da alaƙa da rashin madadin: Dangane da Flash yanzu, akwai sa'a, akwai HTML5 (kodayake tallafinsa zai ɗauki shekaru da yawa), kuma game da PDFs, muna da ƙarancin sanannen zaɓi na DJVU amma wannan ya nuna ya fi kyau (fayilolin sun fi ƙanana kuma sun fi kyau) fiye da PDFs.

Halin shine cewa duk wanda yake son inganta amfani da software kyauta bazai da sha'awar amfani da software na ɓarayi, kuma idan da gaske kuna son 'dunƙule' ƙididdigar, kada kuyi amfani da kwafin software ɗin su, amfani da software kyauta kuma buga su inda a ciki yake cutar da su ƙwarai: ba kawai aljihunansu ba amma kashin bayansu, ƙimar su da yuwuwar ƙirƙirawa, ta hanyar ta, ƙimar masana'antu. Wannan zai zama wani abu da zai cutar da su da gaske. Wannan ma shine dalilin da ya sa Microsoft, alal misali, ba zai taɓa ba da tallafi ga Ofishin don daidaitattun ka'idoji ba (ODF). Yin hakan zai lalata babban tushen nasarar Office: yaɗuwar tallafi na ƙirar Microsoft.

A ina zan sami "kyauta" madadin shirye-shiryen "mallakar" da nake amfani da su yau da kullun?

• OSalt: http://www.osalt.com/
• Kyauta: http://www.freealts.com/
• Madadin Don: http://alternativeto.net/