Gentoo: Zuciyar Dabba

Kai, na ga babbar maraba da ƙaramar gudummawata kuma hakan yana ƙara min kwarin gwiwa don samun damar ci gaba da rabawa tare da wannan kyakkyawar al'umma. Na san nayi alƙawarin jagora ƙasa da matakai 20, amma dole ne ku ɗan ɗan ji daɗi tukuna ... Ba zan iya fara koyar da Gentoo ba tare da tsayawa magana game da zuciyarta da ainihin mahimmancin ikonta ba Hoton Hoto, manajan kunshin ku. Hakanan, a matsayina na mai amfani na Gentoo mai aminci, ina tsammanin ya fi kyau fahimta kafin maimaita, kuma da wannan kawai nake so in faɗi kafin fara jagora mai sauƙi yadda za a kwafe rubutu (maimaita), Zai fi kyau ka san abin da muke yi don haka daga baya rubuta rubutun. Kamar yadda sanannen maganar nan take:

"Ka ba mutum kifi kuma za ka huce yunwarsa kwana ɗaya, ka koya masa kamun kifi kuma za ka cece shi har abada."

Ba tare da bata lokaci ba, bari mu fara:

Menene kayan aiki?

Hoton Hoto, shine mai sarrafa kunshin Gentoo Linux. Abubuwan da suka yi daidai da su a cikin sauran rarrabuwa sune dace (Debian da Kalam), yum (Red Hat, SUSE, da abubuwan ban sha'awa) pac-man (Arch da Kalam)... Ana yin wahayi zuwa gare ta mashigai daga FreeBSD, wannan saboda wanda ya kafa Gentoo yayi amfani da lokacin FreeBSD kuma saboda haka ilham da kamanceceniya ta hanyoyi da yawa. An rubuta a bash a farkon kuma fito (sunan shirin da ke kula da shigar da layin umarni) a tsawon tarihinsa yana da babban tushe babba kuma mafi yawanci Python don aiwatar da ayyukanta.

Me yasa yake da mahimmanci sanin wannan?

Da kyau, kamar kowane mai amfani da Linux, mai sarrafa kunshin shine babban kayan aikinku don kiyaye tsarinku aiki da aiki, yana ba ku damar girkawa, sabuntawa, cirewa, da sauran abubuwa. Hoton Hoto an kasa shi zuwa umarni daban-daban wadanda suka kware kan yin abu daya, da kuma yin shi da kyau (sanannen hanyar aiki akan UNIX).

Zuciyar Portage:

Ba kamar sauran manajojin kunshin ba (aƙalla waɗanda na riga na ambata a baya), Hoton Hoto ya kafa dukkan ƙarfinsa akan fayil ɗin daidaitawa. Wannan fayil ɗin yana cikin hanyar /etc/portage/make.conf . A halin yanzu yana da matukar wahalar bayyana tsarin rikitarwa da ke akwai a cikin Gentoo wanda ke ba da damar isar da duk ƙarfin rarrabawa zuwa wannan fayil ɗin ba tare da fasa komai a wani wuri ba, amma bari mu ci gaba da cewa zan bar wannan zuwa wani matsayi 😉

Duba zuciya:

Kamar yadda kuke gani, ba wani abu bane daga wannan duniyar, a zahiri, Ina da wasu fayilolin waɗanda suka fi takamaiman bayani, amma abin da ke nan ya fi ƙarfin isa ku sami aikin ku na Gentoo da aiki. Bari mu fara nazarin layin da ke biye:

CFLAGS / CXXFLAGS:

Mataki na farko akan hawan mu zuwa zuciyar Gentoo shine C Flags. Waɗannan tutocin suna ba ka damar tattara shirye-shiryen C (mafi mahimmanci wanda tsarin ke buƙatar aiki) tare da nau'ikan fa'idodi. Kamar yadda zaku gani a cikin tsari na, -march = babban gidan yanar gizo ya bani damar amfani da tsarawar mai sarrafa ta yayin tattara shirye-shirye na. -O2 da -pipe sun zo ne ta hanyar tsoho, kuma idan na tsaya yin bayanin kowannensu zai dauke ni wataƙila cikakken littafi.

Koyaya, ga wasu 'yan nau'ikan -march da aka bayyana akan wiki Gentoo.

https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Safe_CFLAGS

KARANTA:

CHOST yana kula da nuna asalin wurin da nau'in mai tarawa, ana amfani da wannan mai canzawa a cikin ƙungiyoyin da ke da nau'ikan mai tara abubuwa daban-daban, kamar su Arduino fans. Don tsari na asali ba lallai bane a shiga cikin cikakken bayani.

Bayanin marubuci: Na gode da shigarwarku njord, kuma don musayar iliminku ga sauran al'umma 🙂

Wannan canjin tsarin baya nuna kamar irin wurin da mai harhadawa yake, maimakon haka yana nuna wa mai harhada tsarin gine-ginen, kuma a zahiri dandamali na kayan aiki, tsarin aiki da kuma dakin karatu na C wanda za'a tattara abubuwan hadawa kuma duk da cewa wannan mai canzawar ya ayyana a duniya a ciki make.conf (kamar duk abin da ya bayyana a wurin) babu abin da zai hana ku tattara fakitoci don sauran gine-ginen.

Amfani:

Zuciyar shirye-shirye, USE flags na make.conf na duniya ne. Da wannan nake nufi kowane shirin da ke da Amfani da XA lokacin da ake harhada shi, zaiyi aiki da X. Wannan zaɓin yana da amfani ƙwarai ga waɗancan tutocin AMFANI waɗanda zaku yi amfani da su da yawa (idan ba duka ba) na shirye-shiryenku. Kamar yadda kake gani, gnome y tsarin tsarin suna sanya tsarina ya tattara tallafi ga waɗannan nau'ikan shirye-shiryen cikin duk software da ke da ita azaman yiwuwar.

MUHIMMAN:

Wannan ɗayan mafi kyawun fa'idodi na masu sarrafa sauri. MUHIMMANCI kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, zaɓuɓɓuka ne waɗanda aka ƙara su cikin bayanin yi ana gudanar dashi yayin tattara kowane shiri. a wannan yanayin da -j9 yana bani damar tattara shirye-shirye 9 a lokaci guda, 1 ga kowane zaren akan kwaya ta i7. Lambar da ta fi ra'ayin mazan jiya ita ce -j5, amma har ma a nan, lokacin tarawa ya ragu sosai dan kowane shigarwa.

CPU_FLAGS_X86:

Oh oh… yanzu dole ne suyi tunani… menene lambobin? kuma a ina ko yaya zan san abin da zan sanya anan? Amsar ita ce ainihin batun oo Gentoo 🙂 yana amfani da jama'a 😉 waɗanda tuni suka ƙirƙiri wani shiri wanda zai muku aiki. Don nuna wannan, kawai kuna buƙatar shigar da wannan shirin kuma ku gudanar da shi:

Kamar yadda kuke gani, yana nuna min FLAGS din da mai sarrafa na ke dashi kuma zan iya kwafa su zuwa fayil ɗin make.conf na ta amfani da miƙa kwatance ko rubutu tare da Nano, vim, ko wani editan rubutu 🙂 (Za ku ga yadda komai yake sarrafa kansa a cikin Gentoo 😉)

LABARI:

Kawai cikin kundin adireshi inda asalin ebuilds ya fara. Waɗannan su ne rubutun Bash waɗanda ke ba da damar ɗaukar hoto don shigar da shirye-shirye, amma za mu bar wannan don wani matsayi 😉

Rarrabu:

Kamar yadda Gentoo ke girka komai daga tushen sa, wannan kundin adireshin zai adana duk lambar tushe da muke saukarwa, idan kuna so zaku iya share abubuwan ta daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, amma akwai wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa don waɗannan shirye-shiryen, amma wannan ma ga wani post 😉

VIDEO_CARDS:

Da kyau, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, alamar katin ku na bidiyo, wannan yana hana ku samun shigar da direbobi yayin shigar abubuwa kamar X ko Wayland.

Harshe:

Kyakkyawan sarari mai kyau don ƙara dukkan yarukan da kuke son tsarin ku ya tallafawa, a wurina ina son samun Mutanen Espanya na Peruvian, amma ana iya ƙara ƙarin don samun damar canzawa idan ya zama dole.

INPUT_DEVICES:

Tsarin ko direban kayan aikin ku suna aiki tare, tunda ina amfani da GNOME, fitarwa yana kula da madogara ta. Wani sanannen zaɓi wanda ake maye gurbin shine synaptics.

HARSUNA:

L10N:

Wadanda suka sani game da shirye-shirye zasu san dalilin da yasa babu komai a cikin na baya, amma, kalli yadda yake aiki wanda a cikin harsunan shirye-shirye da yawa 😉.

Waɗannan masu canjin suna ba mu damar sanin yaren shirye-shiryen da aka sanya, a wurina duka Ingilishi da Sifaniyan suna lafiya.

RUBY_TARGETS:

da HANYOYI nuna wasu aikin musamman na aikin Gentoo na Linux. Zai yiwu a sami nau'uka daban-daban da suke rayuwa a cikin tsarin iri ɗaya. Wannan yana nufin cewa zan iya samun Ruby 21, 22, 23 da 24 a lokaci guda kuma ba tare da rikice-rikice ba, daidai da Python, Apache, Tomcat, MariaDB, da sauransu. Wannan aikin ana kiran sa SLOT a cikin al'ummar mu kuma shine batun cikakken rubutu, saboda haka zamu barshi zuwa wata dama 😉

GENTOO_MIRRORS:

Wuraren da zaku kwafa tarin ebuilds ɗinku, suna aiki ta hanya ta musamman don samun wuraren samun damar yayin aiki tare. Ina da wadannan abubuwan adanawa guda biyu, tunda na zazzage jerin abubuwanda nake dauke dasu kai tsaye daga Github, kuma kawai ya zama dole ayi kokarin cirewa domin saukarwa (a bayyane yake, Gentoo yayi min haka ne duk lokacin da na rubuta fito –sync)

Da yawa:

Waɗannan ba duka zaɓuɓɓuka bane yi.conf, akwai da yawa da yawa, kuma wataƙila wasu zasu ba da damar fa'idodi ko daidaitawa, amma tare da waɗancan ya fi isa a sami tsarin aiki 🙂

/ sauransu / hoto:

Na gabatar da kadan daga abin da ke cikin wannan jakar, kawai don ku sami damar sanin abin da ya rage a san shi da abin da za mu gani a wannan kwanakin da sakonnin 🙂

Kadan kadan:

Tunda ba zan iya dakatar da yin karin bayani ba, zan ci gaba kaɗan in nuna muku wani ɓangare na musamman na wannan babban fayil ɗin, fayil ɗin sa.koda. Bayanan martaba na Gentoo suna ba ku damar ƙirƙirar ƙayyadaddun tsari don kowane nau'in mai amfani, don haka ba kwa buƙatar rubuta ko sanin duk USEs, ko wasu abubuwa da yawa, kuna iya zaɓar bayanin martaba kawai ku fara akan wancan. Wannan shine jerin bayanan martaba na yanzu waɗanda muke dasu akan Gentoo a yau.

Kamar yadda kake gani, an zaɓi bayanin martaba ta tare da amd64, tebur, tare da GNOME da amfani da systemd. Ta hanyar zaɓar wannan bayanin na tabbatar cewa duk tutocin AMFANI da sauran saituna sune mafi ƙarancin abin da ake buƙata don tsarina ya gudana, kuma bisa ga haka ne nake yin gyare-gyare. (Tabbas wani ya gaskanta cewa dole ne yayi tunanin komai tun daga tushe ... wannan karya ce anan 😉)

Kamar yadda muke gani, akwai bayanan martaba da yawa, kuma kowane ɗayan yana da nasa fa'idodin.

Don ƙare:

Da kyau, wani matsayi wanda yake daga hannuna don idanunku 🙂 Ina fata kun riga kun haƙura da sha'awar gwada Gentoo 😀 don haka zan iya jin babban motsin rai lokacin ƙirƙirar jagorar shigarwa. Gaisuwa ga kowa,