Shigar GNU / Linux akan wani HDD ba tare da sanya faifai ba

A yau za mu duba yadda za a yi ƙaura duk bayanan daga ɗayan rumbun kwamfutar zuwa wani, aikin da zai iya zama mai amfani idan da wani dalili muna buƙatar maye gurbin rumbun kwamfutar da ke yanzu na kwamfutar mu da wani (na ɗaya ko daban-daban iya aiki).

A 'yan kwanakin da suka gabata, a ziyarar bazata zuwa gidan wani aboki (wanda ya yi ƙaura zuwa GNU / Linux a' yan watannin da suka gabata bayan nacewa), da farin ciki ya nuna mini sabuwar Hard Drive da suka ba shi (500 Gb HDD wanda Kodayake ga mutane da yawa yana iya zama kamar ƙaramin kayan aiki, anan Jurassic Cuba har yanzu babban mataki ne zuwa babban adana bayanai) kuma wannan yana buƙatar maye gurbin wanda ya tsufa kuma rabin ya gaza faifai 160 GB.

Shawararsa da kanta ita ce cire tsohuwar faifan ta sanya faif 500 GB a wurinsa, sannan a girka Debian, wanda shine distro ɗin da na girka akan tsohuwar faifai, kuma ɗauki ɗan lokaci don dawo da duk saitunansa.

Yayinda wannan ke faruwa, wani dan uwan ​​abokina yana jiran ƙarshen wannan aikin don ɗaukar faifan 80 GB, wanda kuma zai maye gurbin faifan 40 GB a cikin tsohuwar kwamfuta.

Bayanin duk wannan shine ban ma yi tafiya tare da faifan shigarwa ba Debian, kuma ƙasa da wuraren ajiyewa a hannu. Don haka ra'ayin girka tsarin da aikace-aikacen ba zai yiwu ba, sai dai idan na je gidana don nemo abin da ya wajaba, amma matsawa daga wani karshen birnin Santiago de Cuba zuwa wani ba zai zama madadin a wurina., A wani gari inda safarar hukuma (babura masu zaman kansu) suka ninka kudinta a cikin wannan sabuwar shekarar (alherin zai biya ni kasa da pesos 40).

A can ne aka kunna walƙiya: don haɗa kundin. Na san cewa wannan kallon diski zai kasance farkon abin da zai faru ga yawancinku, amma a gare ni, haruffa masu yawa A cikin waɗannan ayyukan, ya zama kamar ba zato ba tsammani da Allah na Open Olympus ya aiko kai tsaye.

Bayan mun kirga gabatarwar da ake bukata, sai mu tafi bangaren fasaha na lamarin da ake magana akai. Da farko muna da Hard Drive 80 GB tare da tsarin rarraba masu zuwa:

/ dev / sda1 / / dev / sda5 musanya / dev / sda6 / gida

Kuma sabon 500 GB Hard Drive wanda zamu raba kamar haka:

/ dev / sdb1 / / dev / sdb2 musanya / dev / sdb3 / gida

Da yawa sun lura cewa a cikin batun Hard Drive na farko akwai tsalle daga sda1 zuwa sda5, wannan saboda saboda lokacin da ake bayyana rabe-raben, akwai wani bangare na farko wanda za'a iya cirewa wanda yake sda1, sannan kuma an kara wani bangare wanda ya rabu biyu : sdaxnumx ysda6.

Har ila yau, a wani lokaci ina tsammanin dole ne in share wani bangare inda abokina ya kasance yana amfani da Windows 7 da aka kori.

Raba rumbun kwamfutar 500 Gb an raba shi ta yadda za a samu lambobin bangare a jere. Ana kiran wannan Disc din / dev / sdb saboda ta hanyar sanya shi a tashar SATA, kuna raba tsarin tare lokaci ɗaya tare da faifan da aka rigaya, / dev / sda.

Tsarin bangarorin

Don ƙirƙirar sassan zamu iya amfani da wasu kayan aikin gani kamar raba, ko wasu aikace-aikace daga na'ura mai kwakwalwa kamar cfdisk. Ka tuna cewa a cikin wannan matakin, muna daga tsarin aiki akan Hard Drive na farko, na 80 GB ɗaya.

Wato, daga wannan, zamu kirkiri bangarori uku na sabuwar Hard Drive. Da zarar an ƙirƙiri sassan, dole ne a tsara su:

mkfs.ext4 / dev / sdb1 mkfs.ext4 / dev / sdb3 mkswap / dev / sdb2

Abin da kawai muka yi shine tsari / dev / sdb1 da / dev / sdb2 azaman ext4 da / dev / sdb2 azaman SWAP.

Umurnin mkfs. na hudu yayi kama da mkfs -t kari4. Dole ne mu yi la'akari da cewa lokacin da za mu sake farawa a kan sabon rumbun kwamfutar, dole ne mu gaya wa tsarin cewa yana da sabon bangare na musanya (swap partition):

swapon / dev / sda2

Muna amfani da sda2 kuma ba sdb2 ba, saboda idan muka gama, zamu cire tsohon faifan.

Abubuwan suttura

Mun riga mun faɗi a ciki shinkafa kaza da kaza. Babu tabbataccen girke-girke don ɗaukar bangare. A halinmu, dole ne muyi cikakken kwafin abubuwan cikin / gida, saboda wannan zamuyi waɗannan masu zuwa (azaman tushe):

cd / media mkdir sdb3 mmount -t ext4 / dev / sdb3 / media / sdb3 rsync -a / gida / abokina media / sdb3

Huta, na bayyana:

A ciki / kafofin watsa labarai mun kirkiro kundin adireshi tare da suna sdb3 (wanda ya dace da sunan rabuwa da sabon faifan), don haka lokacin hawa ba zai haifar da rudani ba.

Sannan zamuyi amfani da umarnin rsync don daidaita fayiloli da manyan fayiloli daga / gida zuwa / media / sdb3, tunda sdb3 zai kasance / gida.

Tutar -a Zai taimaka mana wurin kula da izini, mai shi, kwanan wata da kundin adireshi.

Mun yi amfani da hankali / gida / abokina kuma ba / gida / abokina /, domin da a ce na sa maimaitawa a ƙarshen abokina, zan kwafa fayilolin da manyan fayiloli na ciki / gida / abokina kawai. Abin da muka yi daidai yake da sakawa:

rsync -a / gida / / kafofin watsa labarai / sdb3

Kamar yadda yake game da abokina, yana da mai amfani ɗaya ne kawai a cikin gida, ba damuwa don sanya ɗaya ko wani layin umarni.

Yanzu ne lokacin clone tushen / bangare, wanda, ba shakka. Lokaci ne mai mahimmanci kuma mai mahimmanci, tun da wasu gazawar na iya barin mana bangare ba tare da kunnawa ba, sabili da haka babban faifai ba tare da tsarin ba.

Nasiha kafin mataki na gaba ita ce yin tsabtacewa a cikin tushenmu na asali domin adana sarari da rage zirga-zirgar bayanai marasa amfani daga rumbun kwamfutar zuwa wata.

Yana da kyau a baya a zubar da kwandon shara (tun ma kafin a koma gida), share fakitin da ba a amfani da su da takamaiman kunshin da ba mu bukata:

dpkg -l | kunshin gre rc dpkg --purge kunshin

Hakanan zamu iya tabbatar da cire kunshin daga wurin ajiyar gida: waɗanda muka zazzage a cikin kowane ɗaukakawa ko shigarwa daga wuraren ajiya, kuma an adana su:

m-samun tsabta

Ta hanyar yin matakan da ke sama tabbas zaku sami cewa zasu iya 'yantar da wasu sararin GB. Da kyau, bari kawai mu haɗa tushen mu /.

Game da tushen bangare, yana da kyau a kwafe bayanan kadan da kadan. Zai ɗauki lokaci kaɗan fiye da gida saboda a bayyane yake ƙarancin tarin bayanai ne kuma yin shi kaɗan da sauƙi yanayin gazawar ya kusan zama fanko kuma babu kurakurai tare da izini na musamman.
Layin umarni a wannan yanayin shine:

dd idan = / dev / sda1 na = / dev / sdb1

A wannan yanayin ba lallai bane mu ɗora komai. Lokacin kammala aikin zai ɗan yi tsayi kaɗan, amma zai dace da hakan.

Ana shirya sake kunnawa

A wannan lokacin, tuni an raba shi / dev / sdb1 shi ne wani clone na tsarin tushen shigar a kan tsohon faifai. Maganar ta zo ne don tabbatar da cewa lokacin da muka cire faifan 80 GB, kwamfutarmu za ta gane da takalmin daga diski 500 GB.

Lokaci ya yi da za a taɓa sanannen fayil ɗin fstab (ɗaya daga cikin faifai 500 da aka samo a ciki / kafofin watsa labarai / sdb1 / sauransu / fstab).

nano / media / sdb1 / sauransu / fstab

Kuma zamu sami wani abu makamancin wannan:

# / sauransu / fstab: bayanan tsarin fayil tsaye. # # proc / proc proc nodev, noexec, nosuid 0 0 #Entry for / dev / sda1: UUID = 6b192eef-e188-4e07-94de-14c95e02de78 / ext4 kurakurai = remount-ro 0 $ #Entry for / dev / sda2: UUID = 3bd60ec0 -92f3-4ea6-a4d3-aaaf27dd8b8e babu musanya sw 0 0 #Entry for / dev / sda3: UUID = 3828f973-3b20-4019-9fe2-8296c755be31 / home ext4 Defaults 0 2

Yanzu muna buƙatar canza tsofaffin UUIDs (waɗanda suke cikin wannan fstab file ɗin daga diski 80GB) zuwa sababbin UUIDs (daga sabon faifan 500GB). Don yin wannan, abin da za ku yi shine nemo na'urorin ta UUID ɗin su, kuma ana yin wannan ta hanyoyi da yawa:

Optionaya daga cikin zaɓi na iya zama tare da umarnin:

ls -l / dev / faifai / by-uuid

Da kuma amfani da tushen:

mara kyau

Yanzu kawai zamu maye gurbin UUIDs na fstab tare da madaidaici.

Tabbatar da farawa. Shigar da Grub2

El debian huce an sanya a tsohuwar tsohuwar Hard Drive tana amfani da Grub2 azaman boot system, don haka a cikin MBR (Bugin Boot Master) na sabon Hard Drive (na 500 GB daya) dole ne mu girka sabon GRUB.

Gaskiya ne cewa an riga an rubuta fayilolin sanyi a cikin / boot directory, amma MBR (bangare na farko ("sashin sifiri") na rumbun diski.) Babu fanko, don haka kamar yadda yake, ba za'a iya kwashe shi ba.

An ajiye sanyi a ciki /boot/grub/grub.cfg, amma wannan fayil an ƙirƙire shi ta girk-mkconfig, don haka ba zai zama mai kyau a gyara shi da hannu ba.

Abu mafi kyawu shine, da zarar an saka sabon bangare (ka tuna cewa sabon ɓangaren tushen cloned bai hau ba, dd clone ba tare da hawa bangare):

hawa -t ext4 / dev / sdb1 / kafofin watsa labarai / sdb1

Yanzu dole ne mu ɗora GRUB2 a cikin MBR ta yin abubuwa masu zuwa:

grub-kafa / dev / sdb

Kuma voila, wannan mai sauki, mun riga mun GRUB an saita shi a cikin MBR na 500 GB Hard Drive.

Matakan ƙarshe

Yanzu mun kashe kwamfutar, mun cire aboki na 80 Gb Hard Drive, mun ba wa ɗan uwan ​​(duba farkon labarin), kunna komputar, kunna yatsunmu da ...

Source: http://swlx.cubava.cu


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  1.   Gabriel m

    Aboki, ban sani ba idan nayi kuskure amma ina tsammanin - Ina tsammani - cewa kafin amfani da umarnin 'dd' wurin da aka nufa ya zama daidai yake da bangaren asalin. Idan ba haka ba, kayi hakuri dubu.

    1.    Nebukadnezzar m

      Yana daidai da yadda nake tsammani
      dd zai hade bangare kuma rarar zai bar shi ba tare da an ware shi ba, saboda yana bukatar karin sarari don girka sabbin aikace-aikace, ba zai kyale shi ba.

    2.    John edisson ortiz m

      Babu matsala idan bangare makoma ya fi bangon tushe girma, to ana iya gaya wa tsarin fayil din yayi amfani da karin girman.

  2.   lokacin3000 m

    Wannan almara ce. Bari mu gani idan zan iya girka salon Debian amma Arch (tsarkakakkun umarni).

  3.   RudaMale m

    Kuna iya amfani da dd don haɗa MBR:

    dd idan = / dev / sda na = / dev / sdb bs = ƙidaya 512 = 1

    Ba na tsammanin ya zama dole don bangarorin su zama daidai, aƙalla a cikin baka wiki bai ambaci shi ba, ya kamata a gwada shi. Gaisuwa.

    1.    Channels m

      Wannan yana da kyau, amma ban fahimci dalilin da yasa yin dd idan = / dev / sda na = / dev / sdb ya tsallake farkon baiti 512?

      1.    Channels m

        Yayi, na fahimta, banbancin shine da farko kawai ana yin bangare ne saboda haka yasa ake tsallake baiti 512 na MBR. Na gode sosai da shawarar RudaMacho.

    2.    Da Pelu m

      Barka dai, shin kuna shirin sabunta tsarin ku? Nace shi ne don windows xp

  4.   sabun 14n m

    Sannu sannu, ina tsammanin amfani da clonezilla aikin zai kasance da sauki, amma yana da kyau kuyi gwaji ta wannan hanyar, bayan duk shine ruhun «gwanin kwamfuta»

    Na gode!

  5.   vidagnu m

    A cikin Slackware Na yi amfani da kwalta don yin cikakken kwafin fayiloli tsakanin diski, wanda ke adana izini kuma ina amfani da damar don yin wariyar ajiya, fayil ɗin fstab ya fi sauƙi saboda haka ba lallai ba ne a gyara uuid, ya isa cewa kun ƙirƙiri sassan A cikin tsari iri ɗaya, kamar yadda ake amfani da shi yana da sauƙi don ƙirƙirar taya ...

  6.   sarfaraz m

    Yayi kyau 😀

  7.   mitsi m

    A cikin kwarewa gparted kwafin - clone - sassan sauri

    Kuma idan kuna buƙatar faɗaɗa ko yanke su, ku ma za ku iya

  8.   Channels m

    Babban jagora mai girma, na gode sosai don rabawa.

    Ina da tambaya: shin ya zama dole a yi amfani da umarnin swapon don tsarin don gano bangare swap, ko zai isa a canza UUID a fstab?

  9.   wata m

    6 watanni da suka gabata na kasance gundura da debian barga da kde 4.8. Ina son sabuwar KDE !! Ba ni da faifan girke-girke ko ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar USB .. don haka sai na sanya bargaina tare da kusan hanyoyin iri ɗaya waɗanda ke bayyana da haɓaka zuwa sid.
    Ina ba da shawarar wannan aikin ga duk masu amfani da Linux daga can, tsarinmu baya buƙatar fiye da 15 GB. by tushen bangare. kuma sau biyu ko kadan kadan ba yawa.

  10.   Victor challa m

    Kyakkyawan gudummawa bazai taɓa zama mai sauƙi ba kamar tare da irin wannan bayyanannen bayani karara ... Barka da war haka, kai malami ne a cikin gnu / linux!

  11.   YoeLoco m

    Kyakkyawan Koyawa. A bayyane yake!
    Akwai kuma umarnin "dd"