Google da OpenDNS suna gabatar da ci gaba ga yarjejeniyar DNS

Google da OpenDNS, shahararrun shahararrun ayyukan warware sunan jama'a a yanar gizo, sun gabatar da aiwatarwa a Tsarin yarjejeniya na DNS wannan zai ba da damar inganta gudun kewayawa lokacin amfani da albarkatu daga hanyar rarraba abun ciki.

Manyan kamfanonin rarraba abun ciki suna da sabobin da suka bazu a duk duniya cikin tsarin da ake kira Sadarwar Sadarwa (CDN). Misali mai kyau na wannan shine, misali, Akamai, wanda ke aiki azaman gidan ajiyar fayil na kamfanonin ɓangare na uku.

Idan muka ɗauka cewa CDNs suna da keɓaɓɓun uwar garke don yi wa ƙasa hidima tare da duk wadatattun abubuwan da aka samo, waɗanda aka samu idan aka kwatanta da kasancewa da komai a wuri guda shi ne cewa a ka'idar an rage lokacin samun abun ciki. (Latency) tunda, don misali, mai amfani a Seville, maimakon ya yi magana da hedkwatar a Amurka, zai yi hakan tare da sabar da suke da ita a Spain.

Don cimma wannan, CDNs suna amfani da tsarin DNS wanda, dangane da adireshin IP na kwamfutar da ke yin buƙatar, na iya gano asalinsa kuma ya amsa tare da IP na sabar abun ciki mafi kusa da waccan ƙasar ko yankin.

Koyaya, wannan ba shi da kyau idan babu 'yan, kuma ƙari da ƙari, masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa waɗanda ba sa amfani da DNS ɗin da mai ba da sabis ɗin suke bayarwa kuma suna saita na jama'a akan kwamfutarsu, kamar na Google ko OpenDNS, don suna misalai biyu da ke cikin labarin.

1. Mun rubuta shafin yanar gizo loquesea.eu a cikin sandar bincike.
2. Kwamfutar, wacce ba ta san wane IP ya dace da sunan ba, yana buƙatar fassarar daga sabar DNS (1) da ta tsara (na mai aiki, ko wata).
3. Idan muka ɗauka cewa wannan sabar ba komai a ɓoye, dole ne ku nemi taimako daga waɗanda ake kira tushen-sabobin, waɗanda za su gaya muku wanene sabar da ke kula da duk adireshin .eu sarari (2).
4. Sannan aikin ya maimaita. A wannan halin, sabar DNS da muka saita zata yi tambaya (3) wanda ke kula da duk sunayen .eu game da sabar da ke ƙarƙashin ikonta sunan loquesea.eu da ƙananan yankuna (misali linebenchmark.loquesea.eu) .
5. A ƙarshe, ana buƙatar buƙatar DNS ta ƙarshe zuwa wannan sabar ta ƙarshe, wanda zai dawo da adireshin IP na loquesea.eu (4) kuma za a miƙa shi ga kwamfutar da ta samo asalin abin a farkon (5), don ƙarshe buɗe HTTP zama da kuma sauke gidan yanar gizo (6).

Kamar yadda kake gani, tsari ne mai rikitarwa, kodayake yana faruwa a bayyane a gaban mai amfani da hanyar sadarwa.

Inganta aikin DNS yayin samun damar CDNs

Matsalar tsarin DNS na CDNs na gargajiya waɗanda muka ambata sune masu zuwa: tunda tattaunawar DNS don samun IP na makomar da ake so ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar tsaka-tsakin uwar garken, CDNs suna gano sabobin Google DNS a matsayin asalin buƙatar, waxanda ke cikin Amurka Idan aka ba da wannan, CDN tana amsawa tare da IP na sabobin ta don Amurka ba don Spain ba. Mun rasa aiki saboda jinkiri yana ƙaruwa.

Don warware wannan, an ƙirƙira gyare-gyare na yarjejeniyar DNS wanda ke amfani da ƙarin haɓakar da aka gabatar a cikin RFC 2671 don sanya ƙudurin suna ya zama mai hankali.

A ra'ayin, wanda ake kira Saurin Intanet na Duniya kuma har yanzu yana ciki tsara lokaci, yana taimakawa a cikin asalin adireshin abokin ciniki, wanda yake ƙarawa azaman ƙarin filin bayanai ɗaya don buƙata ("edns-client-subnet").

Kodayake da gaske, don kiyaye sirrin mai amfani, abin da aka aika wani ɓangare ne na adireshin IP ɗin mai amfani (ana cire ragowa daga ƙarshe), don haka maimakon aika 1.2.3.4 (idan wannan IP ɗin na mai amfani ne), an yanke shi ta 1.2.3.0 (duk tsaka-tsakin DNS sabobin za su iya karanta wannan bayanin), tare da netmask 24-bit.

Tare da wannan, ba damuwa cewa ana amfani da DNS na Google, tunda lokacin da aka haɗa bayanan mai amfani azaman bayanai a cikin buƙatar, idan sabar makoma ta dace da wannan sabon shirin, zai iya tantance daidai daga inda kuke so sami dama ga abubuwan da ke ciki kuma amsa tare da sabar mafi kusa da abokin ciniki, rage latenci kuma, sabili da haka, haɓaka saurin bincike.

Ga waɗanda suka fi shakkun sirrinsu, ana iya saita ta yadda ba za a aika wani ɓangare na adireshin IP ɗin mai amfani ba (an aika 0.0.0.0/0). A waɗannan yanayin mun fahimci cewa sabis ɗin zai yi aiki kamar na gargajiya na DNS a cikin CDN. Wato, ba tare da wata ma'ana ba game da ainihin asalinsa, CDN zai amsa tare da IP mafi kusa da uwar garken DNS da ke yin buƙatar.

A halin yanzu, duka Google da OpenDNS sun riga sun shigar da wannan sabon fasalin akan tsarin su, wanda suka haɓaka tare tare da CDNetworks, EdgeCast, BitGravity da Akamai da kanta, wanda ya taimaka wajen rubutun.

Kodayake har yanzu ba a san irin tasirin da wannan zai yi ga ainihin aikin cibiyar sadarwar ba, ba komai ba ne cewa IETF ta ƙare da ɗaukar wannan fasahar a matsayin mizanin da masu aiki za su iya ɗauka, ko dai a cikin daftarin da yake yanzu, ko a wasan karshe

Source: Broadband