Sau da yawa, musamman lokacin da muke rikici, mun sami kanmu cikin mawuyacin hali na rashin samun damar yin amfani da tsarin don gyara shi, amma mafita mai sauƙi ce: yi amfani da umarnin tsiro daga kowane LiveCD / RepairCD.
A wurare da yawa (majalisu, shafukan yanar gizo ...) an ambaci wannan umarnin kuma an ba da "kwafin / liƙa" na lambar, amma niyyata da wannan rubutun ita ce in bayyana waɗancan matakan kaɗan, don kyakkyawan amfani da wannan kayan aikin, tare da ilimi na dalilin.
Gabatarwar
Umurnin tsiro An san shi da suna CHangeROOT, ma'ana, umarni ne wanda zai baka damar canza tushen tsarin da kake aiki akanshi. A wasu kalmomin: idan daga LiveCD kuke kuma kuna son duk abin da kuke aiki a kan na'ura mai kwakwalwa don yin tasiri akan tsarin da aka sanya, dole ne ku fara amfani da shi tsiro.
Matsalar ita ce bai isa ya yi amfani da shi ba tsiro Kamar wannan, kafin mu sami daidaitattun abubuwa.
YADDA ZA A
Da farko muna buƙatar fara tashar, ko dai daga wani tsarin da aka sanya (a wani bangare / faifai) ko kuma daga LiveCD. MUHIMMAN: gine-ginen LiveCD dole ne yayi daidai da na tsarin da za'a gyara (rago 32 ko 64).
Da zarar mun kasance a cikin tashar za mu fara gano abubuwan da muke raba:
fdisk -l
- Tare da wannan umarnin za mu lissafa duk abubuwan raba mu / diski. Dole ne mu gano wane bangare ne aka nufa, inda aka sanya tsarinmu don gyara, daga yanzu zamu kira shi karye tsarin.
Don wannan misalin zamuyi la'akari da cewa tsarinmu wanda ya lalace yana ciki / dev / sda1 .
Muna ci gaba da tattara tsarin. Da farko zamu kirkiri fayil dinda zamuyi aiki sannan daga baya sai mu hau bangare inda tsarinmu ya lalace a wannan jakar
mkdir /mnt/my_linux
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/my_linux
Idan kana da folda / gida o / var ko wani a kan wani bangare, ya kamata ka hau shi / s kamar haka:
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/my_linux/var
- SAURARA: Na dauki misali bangaren / dev / sda2 na babban fayil din / var, bari kowa ya daidaita lambar zuwa yanayin halayen ta.
A yadda aka saba wannan zai wadatar idan kawai kuna buƙatar gyara fayiloli da hannu, amma idan muna son aiwatar da wasu umarnin da ke tsara tsarin, muna buƙatar hawa wasu manyan fayilolin tsarin na musamman: / dev, / gabatarwa y / sys
mount -t proc proc /mnt/my_linux/proc
mount -t sysfs sys /mnt/my_linux/sys
mount -o bind /dev /mnt/my_linux/dev
- Tare da zaɓi -t mun fada Dutsen nau'in "filesystem" da muke son hawa. Wajibi ne a tantance shi saboda yanayin musamman na manyan fayiloli / gabatarwa y / sys.
- Tare da zaɓi -o mun saka zabin na Dutsen. Zaɓin daura yayi amfani da "mahada". A kan UNIX duk na'urorin kayan aiki suna samun dama ta babban fayil ɗin / dev, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa dole ne mu hau kan halin yanzu / dev a cikin jaka inda tsarinmu ya lalace yanzu. Kamar yadda wannan fayil ɗin an riga an ɗora shi, kawai ya zama dole a faɗi Dutsen inda aka saka shi asali.
Anyi ta wannan hanya don haka tsiro samun dama ga waɗannan manyan fayiloli kamar dai sun kasance tsarin lalacewa, kodayake dole ne su kasance daga tsarin yanzu (misali: zaman LiveCD) tunda suna da alaƙa da yanayin tsarin, matakai da kayan aiki.
Yanzu ne lokacin amfani tsiro:
chroot /mnt/my_linux/ /bin/bash
- Umurnin an zartar azaman mahawara akan hanyar sabon tushen «/» (wanda a yanayinmu shine / mnt / my_linux) da kuma na'urar wasan kwaikwayo da kake son amfani da ita (a wannan yanayin mun zaɓi sanannen bash, wanda aka samo a ciki / bin / bash). Idan ba mu tantance na'urar ba, za mu sami kanmu a gaban mai fassarar umarnin gargajiya na ɗan lokaci (ba ya cika yayin danna shafin, da sauransu).
Yanzu zamu iya amfani da na’urar wasan kamar muna da tushen zaman da aka fara akan tsarin mu wanda ya karye (gyara fayiloli, duba rubutun, sanya / cire kayan kunshin ...). GARGADI! Don canje-canjen da aka yi don aiwatarwa, dole ne ku zare fayil ɗin bayan kun tashi tsiroDuba misalin da ke ƙasa.
Informationarin bayani a ciki https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Change_Root (fiye da shawarar karatu).
Misalin amfani: dawo da GRUB2
Daya daga cikin mafi yadu amfani da tsiro Yana matsayin kayan aiki don gyara GRUB. Tunda idan gurnani ya karye, ba zai yuwu a taya mu tsarin mu gyara shi ba.
SANARWA: wannan gajeren koyarwar misali ne kawai, yana aiki akan rarrabuwa daban-daban wanda aka samo daga Debian, Ubuntu da openSUSE da sauransu. Ko da hakane, bincika takaddun rarraba ku, tunda da yawa ba'a sami umarnin ba sabunta-grub.
# LURA: waɗannan umarnin suna gudana sau ɗaya a cikin chroot.update-grub
grub-install /dev/sda
- con sabunta-grub Muna sabunta menu na shigar da GRUB2, saboda haka muna ƙara duk abubuwan da aka rasa. Daga baya zamu sake sanya GRUB akan faifan mu, tunda ya lalace.
A wannan yanayin na ɗauka / dev / sda kamar faifai inda muke da tsarinmu, wannan dole ne ya dace da shari'arku.
Yakamata tuni an gyara GRUB dinmu, saboda haka dole ne mu fita tsiro, cire fasalin fayiloli (MUHIMMI) kuma sake yi don canje-canje suyi tasiri. Idan muka manta da zazzage fayilolin fayiloli, yana yiwuwa sake sake fayel ɗin ba zai buɗe daidai ba saboda haka wasu canje-canje ba zasu yi tasiri ba.
# mun bar chrootexit
# cire girman tsarin fayil kuma sake yiumount /mnt/my_linux/dev
umount /mnt/my_linux/sys
umount /mnt/my_linux/proc
umount /mnt/my_linux
reboot
Kuma wannan kenan. Ina fatan kun ji daɗin hakan kuma ya taimake ku. Gaisuwa!
Zan iya amfani da wannan .. A wani lokaci dole ne in yi amfani da shi.
Shin ɗayanku ya yi amfani da Chakra Benz? Idan haka ne, za ku iya gaya mani idan
yana da sauki ga mai amfani na kowa? Ina amfani da SolydK wanda yake da sauki amma
Na fahimci cewa Chakra tsarkakakken KDE ne kuma yana sha'awar ni.
Haka ne, chakra yana da kyau kuma ya fi sauƙi ko ƙasa, abu shine cewa don sakawa / cirewa kunshin dole ne ayi shi tare da na'ura mai kwakwalwa, tunda har yanzu suna aiki akan mai sarrafa kunshin zane. Gwada shi saboda yana da daraja. Yana amfani da manajan kunshin pacman, wanda aka gada daga Archlinux, amma a kiyaye, baya raba wuraren ajiya tare da baka kuma BAYA dace dasu. Idan kuna son ƙarin koyo game da pacman, ku kalli baka wiki https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman_%28Espa%C3%B1ol%29
Oktopi ya riga ya daidaita kuma yana aiki sosai don matsakaita mai amfani, tare da cewa ba kwa buƙatar tashar don amfani da pacman.
Ina fatan cewa mutane da yawa zasu ziyarci wannan post din, sa'annan suka fara sake girka kawunansu don komai idan tare da chroot zaka iya gyara tsarin kusan koyaushe, chroot din yana baka damar samun damar dayawa, daga cikinsu suna girka Gentoo xD hahaha
da kyau, godiya ... Ban taba ba ta kwallon ba saboda wasu live-cd don gyara alama a wurina suna ɗaga shi ta tsohuwa, amma yanzu ya bayyana, sake godiya.
Don kammala shi, zai yi kyau a bayyana yadda ake hawa bangarorin LVM, ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun abubuwa da kuma tsarin RAID.
mmm Ban taɓa LVM da RAID ba na dogon lokaci, amma kuna iya sanar da ni ɗan kammala wannan… godiya ga tip!
Gaskiya gaskiyar ita ce cewa zan iya amfani da kyau.
Za a yaba sosai.
kalli wannan wiki, yayi kyau sosai http://wiki.bandaancha.st/RAID_y_LVM_en_Linux
Idan kawai wannan batun ya wanzu aan makonni bayan haka, sai ya zamana cewa ina da matsala game da tsarina kuma na karanta kuma na karanta kuma a duk inda na sami chroot da blablabla amma bai yi aiki a gare ni ba bisa ga wannan shawarar na rayuwa wanda yake daidai da tsarin ku , yana da mahimmanci saboda na yi amfani da x64, dayan kuma shi ne ya hauhakan sassan tsarin, domin a halin da nake ciki lokacin da na ke amfani da kroot da hawa sai ya ba da umarni kuma kawai bai san umarnin ba.
Wannan batun zai tafi zuwa fayiloli na "tattara bayanai"
Arch LiveCD (tare da wannan kayan aikin) shine duk abin da ake buƙata don gyara tsarinku lokacin da kuka karya shi.
Daidai! .. ..kawai abinda ya zama dole .. harma don taimakawa wani da W $ dinsu wanda ya yanke shawarar ba zai fara ba ..
Kullum ina tare da 1gb pendrive tare da Arch live ... kuma chroot shine kawai abin da nake buƙata saboda kowane irin matsala, cikin min 10 min kuna da komai cikin tsari ba tare da firgita ba .. 😉
Dole ne kawai ku san yadda ake yin shi.
Barka dai, lura cewa ina da matsala tare da centos, yana aiko mani da tsoro na kernel dss. Kuma ban sami damar magance ta ba, ina da gidan yanar gizata da wurin adana bayanan a can.Ban san me kuma zan yi ba.
Kyakkyawan saƙo, Na taɓa jin ɗan ƙaramin abu a yayin wucewa amma ban san ainihin yadda ake amfani da shi ba, tabbas ban taɓa buƙatarsa ba kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ban karanta wani abu musamman ba. Yanzu tare da bayanin da kuka bayyana a sarari, Na san yadda ake amfani da shi idan har.
Na gode da yawa kuma ta hanyar, tsawon rai Led Zeppelin hehe.
godiya, daga ƙarshe na fita daga mummunan mafarkin mafarki
a zahiri na bi duk matakan banda umount / mnt / my_linux, saboda ya gaya min cewa yana aiki, kuma ina fuser -km, amma ba ma wannan ba, kuma billa ...
Ina fatan bashi da mahimmanci….
godiya, sake…
gaisuwa
Duk da cewa labarin yan shekaru ne, ina son in godewa marubucin saboda karimcin da yayi wajen raba shi, babban labarin ne saboda a karshen wannan makon ya ceci rayuwata. Ba tare da son rai ba na loda wata sabar da ke sanya fakiti kuma lokacin da na sake kunnawa bai loda ba. Bayan kwana uku ina ƙoƙarin gyara shi da karanta labarai daban-daban, na sami damar zuwa nan kwatsam kuma na sami damar sake sanya gishiri da gyara sabar.
Na gode sosai !!!
Na yi murna da ya taimaka maka. Godiya ga sharhi!
Barka dai, yaya zan san cewa wannan rubutun shekaru da suka gabata, wannan babban godiya ga raba shi. Kuma ina da shakku, a halin da nake ciki ya lalata tsarin har ilayau direbobin cibiyar sadarwa, don haka na bi matakan amma baya bani damar sauke fakitoci, shin akwai wata hanyar da zan danganta hanyar sadarwar kai tsaye tare da tashar
Ban fahimci matsalar ku ba da gaske ... Lokacin da kuka shiga tare da LiveCD, kwayar da take lodin ita ce ta LiveCD, saboda haka ya kamata ku sami damar daidaita haɗin intanet daidai. Da zarar an haɗa haɗin, gwada chroot don ganin idan har yanzu kun riƙe shi, idan ba haka ba, ƙila za ku sake saita shi, amma kwaya da ta lalace bai kamata ya shafi zaman chroot ba.
Idan baku tantance ƙarin ba, zan iya gaya muku ...
Kyakkyawan Post… ɗayan articlesan labarai masu amfani da aka samo akan Intanet.
Na gode da yawa don taimako.
Barka dai, kyakkyawar koyarwa! An bayyana sosai, don mu mutane kawai!
Ina da tambaya:
Lokacin da kuka ambata cewa idan kuna buƙatar shigar da kunshe-kunshe, aiwatar da ɗaukakawa ta tsarin ko wasu ayyuka na musamman, kuma kuna buƙatar hawa manyan fayilolin / dev / proc da / sys, bai bayyana gare ni ba idan waɗannan manyan fayiloli suna cikin tsarin Live ɗin da muke fara kwamfutar don gyarawa, ko kuma idan sun kasance a cikin tushen bangare saka farko.
Na gode.
Na gode da yawa !!!!