Lasisi don ci gaban Free and Open Software: Ayyuka masu kyau

Lasisi don ci gaban Free and Open Software: Ayyuka masu kyau

Lasisi don ci gaban Free and Open Software: Ayyuka masu kyau

Una lasisin manhaja, a fili magana, ana iya bayyana shi azaman kwangila tsakanin marubuci (mahalicci) ma'abucin haƙƙin amfani da rarraba samfurin da aka ƙirƙira kuma mai siye ko mai amfani na guda.

Saboda haka, duk lasisi Ta hanyar ma'ana, sun haɗa da cika jerin sharuddan da yanayi kafa ta marubucin (mahaliccin) Wato, a lasisin manhaja, ba komai bane face dama don amfani na shirin karkashin wasu tabbatattun sigogi.

Nau'in lasisi

Nau'in lasisin sofwaya

A wasu halayen, da lasisin software yawanci kafa da lokaci na tsawon lokaci zaka sami irinsu, tunda zasu iya zama dindindin ko iyakance. Wani mahimmin abin da yake karkata fasalin halayensu shine yanayin kasa, wato, yankin da za a yi amfani da su sharuddan da yanayi kafa; tun da kowace ƙasa yawanci tana da ƙa'idodinta game da lasisin manhaja.

Lasisi yawanci sun bambanta dangane da nau'in Software da za a rufe, wato, kowane nau'in Lasisi da / ko Software suna bayyana ɗayan. Daga cikin sanannun lasisi da / ko Software zamu iya ambata:

Kayan software kyauta, wanda ba kyauta bane ko budaddiyar software

  • Lasisin andasancewa: Yana bawa mai amfani damar yin amfani da software a cikin yanayin da aka watsar (ba tare da duk haƙƙin mallaka ba) na jama'a kuma marubucin ya tabbatar dashi. Gudanar da fahimtar gyare-gyare da rarrabawa tare da wasu.
  • Lasisin Kulawa: Yana bawa mai amfani dama daidai da lasisin Freeware; amma kiran shi don yin gudummawa wanda ba tilas ko sharaɗi ba ne, don tallafawa gudummawa don tallafawa abubuwan jin kai, sadaka da sauran kamfen masu alaƙa. Gaba ɗaya bawa mai amfani damar kwafa da gyara shi ba tare da ƙuntatawa ba.
  • Lasisin Crippleware: Yana bawa mai amfani damar yin amfani da software a cikin sifofin haske (Lite), ma'ana, tare da iyakantattun ayyuka idan aka kwatanta da cikakkiyar siga.
  • Lasisin bayarwa: Yana bawa mai amfani dama daidai da lasisin Freeware; amma kiran iri daya don yin gudummawar ba tilas ko sharadi ba, don tallafawa ci gaba da cigaban da aka ce aikace-aikacen.
  • Freeware Lasisin: Yana bawa mai amfani dama kyauta don amfani da kwafa software a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan da marubucin shirin ya bayyana ba tare da kyalewa ba, a ƙarƙashin kowane irin yanayi, gyare-gyare ko siyarwa ta ɓangare na uku.
  • Lasisin Postcardware: Yana bawa mai amfani dama daidai da lasisin Freeware; amma gayyatar iri ɗaya don aika wasiƙar akwatin gidan, ta hanyar da ba ta tilas ba ko ta yanayin sharaɗi, don inganta ci gaban samfurin.
  • Lasisin Shareware: Yana bawa mai amfani damar amfani da software na iyakantaccen lokaci ko na dindindin, amma tare da ayyukan ƙuntatacce. Wanne za a iya kunnawa akan biyan kuɗi don cikakken sigar.

Kayan software na mallaka da na kasuwanci

Un Software na mallaka yawanci ta tsohuwa a Mallaka kuma rufaffiyar software, tunda lasisin sa yana takaita kwafa, gyarawa da kuma sake rarraba hakkin na abu guda, sai dai idan mai amfani na karshe (mai saye) ya biya wani adadi ga marubucin don samun damar yin hakan.

Yayin da Kasuwancin kasuwanci Yana da lasisi wanda ke bayarwa ta tsoho, biyan kuɗi ɗaya don ayi amfani dashi. Koyaya, akwai Software na kasuwanci wanda zai iya zama kyauta ko na mallakakamar yadda ya wanzu Software wanda ba kyauta ba kuma ba kasuwanci bane.

Bugu da ƙari, zuwa mafi girma ko kuma gaba ɗaya, lasisin software a fagen Mallaka, rufe, ko software na kasuwanci Ana iya samun waɗannan a cikin ƙirar makirci daban-daban, daga cikinsu muna iya ambata:

  • Lasisi na .ararrawa (Ƙara)
  • Cikakken Lasisin Samfura (Kasuwanci)
  • Lasisin lantarki ta takamaiman samfurin (OEM)

Hakanan, lokacin da Mai amfani na ƙarshe yawanci samu a Cikakken lasisi yawanci an san shi da: Licensearshen Yarjejeniyar Lasisin Mai Amfani (EULA) o Licensearshen Yarjejeniyar Lasisin Mai Amfani (EULA). A Turanci yawanci ana kiransa Yarjejeniyar Lasisin Mai Amfani da Endarshe (EULA).

Sauran nau'ikan lasisin software

  • Daga yankin jama'a: Wanda ba ya haɗa da abubuwan haƙƙin mallaka kuma yana ba da izinin amfani, kwafi, gyare-gyare ko rarrabawa don riba ko a'a.
  • Kwafi Wannan da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin samfuran Software na Kyauta, waɗanda sharuɗɗan rarraba su ba da damar masu sake rarrabawa su ƙara wasu ƙarin ƙuntatawa lokacin da suka sake rarraba shi ko gyaggyara shi, don haka sigar da aka gyara ta zama dole ta zama ta kyauta.
  • Daga Semi free software: Wanda aka yi amfani dashi a cikin samfuran da ba Free Software ba, amma yana ba da izinin amfani, kwafi, rarrabawa da gyare-gyare don mutane marasa riba.

Sauran ma'anar ma'anar

  • Patent: Saiti ne na keɓantattun haƙƙoƙi da gwamnati ko hukuma ta ba da tabbaci ga wanda ya ƙirƙiro da sabon samfuri (mai yuwuwa ko mara tasiri) wanda zai iya amfani da shi ta hanyar masana'antu don amfanin mai nema na ɗan lokaci.
  • Hakkin mallaka ko Hakkin mallaka: Sanarwar kariya da dokoki ke amfani da ita a yawancin ƙasashe don marubutan ayyukan asali waɗanda suka haɗa da wallafe-wallafe, ban mamaki, kiɗa, ayyukan fasaha da ilimi, duka an buga su kuma ana jiran fitowar su.

Free Software da Manufofin Jama'a: Kammalawa

Free Software da kuma Open Source lasisin

Free Software

El free software shine software mai mutunta mai amfani da 'yanci na gari. Magana sosai, yana nufin cewa masu amfani suna da 'yancin gudanar da aiki, kwafa, rarrabawa, nazari, gyara da kuma inganta manhajar.

Game da Free Software kuma musamman game da Lasisi da aka amince da su (tabbatacce / amincewa) mafi girman iko akan wannan shine Asusun Software na Kyauta (FSF). A sashinta sadaukar domin Lasisin da aka amince da shi kuma a cikin sashin na Lasisin da aka amince da shi o Jerin lasisi (na Software, Takardun aiki da sauran ayyuka, masu jituwa ko a'a Janar lasisin jama'a (GPL), kuma ba kyauta ba), na Kungiyar GNU ana ambata a tsakanin wasu mutane, waɗanda aka bayyana a ƙasa:

Iri

  • GNU Babban lasisin Jama'a: Wanda ake kira GPL - GNU, kuma ana amfani dashi don yawancin shirye-shiryen GNU kuma fiye da rabin fakitin Kayan Kyauta. Na karshen shine lambar lamba 3, kodayake na baya 2 na ana amfani dashi.
  • GNU Karamin Lasisin Jama'a: Wanda ake kira LGPL - GNU, kuma ana amfani dashi don wasu (ba duka ba) dakunan karatu na GNU. Na karshen shine na 3, kodayake na baya 2.1 na shi ana amfani dashi.
  • Lissafin Jama'ar Affero na Jama'a: Wanda aka fi sani da AGPL - GNU, ya dogara ne akan GNU GPL, amma yana ƙunshe da ƙarin sashi wanda zai bawa masu amfani damar ma'amala da shirin lasisi akan hanyar sadarwa don karɓar lambar tushe don wannan shirin. Na sabo shine na 3.
  • Lasisin Rubutun Kyauta na GNU: Mafi yawan lokuta ana kiranta FDL - GNU ko GFDL, nau'ikan lasisin Copyleft ne wanda aka shirya shi don littattafai, littattafan karatu ko wasu takardu. Manufarta ita ce tabbatar da cewa kowa yana da 'yancin yin kwafa da rarraba aikin, tare da ko ba tare da gyare-gyare ba, na kasuwanci ko ba na kasuwanci ba. Sabuwar ita ce lambar sigar 1.3.

Buɗe tushe

Software Bude hanyar yana nufin software wanda lambar tushe an saka shi arziki free daga ko'ina cikin duniya kuma ana ba shi lasisi wanda ke sauƙaƙe amfani da shi ko daidaita shi zuwa mahalli daban-daban. Ya bambanta yafi daga Free Software, tunda karshen yana kare 'yancin masu amfani da kuma al'ummar da suka hade shi, yayin da Bude Source yana da fifikon fa'idodi masu amfani kuma ba ka'idojin 'yanci da Free Software.

Game da Bude Source kuma musamman game da Lasisi da aka amince da su (tabbatacce / amincewa) mafi girman iko akan wannan shine Buɗaɗɗen Sourceaddamarwa (OSI). A sashinta sadaukar domin Lasisin da aka amince da shi ana ambata a tsakanin wasu mutane, waɗanda aka bayyana a ƙasa:

Iri

  • Apache 2.0
  • BSD - Magana ta 3
  • FreeBSD - Magana ta 2
  • GPL - GNU
  • LGPL - GNU
  • MIT
  • Mozilla 2.0
  • Ci gaban gama gari da lasisin rarrabawa
  • Eclipse sigar 2.0

OSI kuma yana da Jerin lasisin OSI tare da duk yarda. Yawancin waɗannan Buɗe lasisin buɗe ido mashahuri ne, ana amfani dashi ko'ina ko kuma yana da ƙungiyoyi masu ƙarfi kuma ma sun yarda da su Asusun Software na Kyauta (FSF).

Kyawawan Ayyuka: Software na Lasisin

Ayyuka masu kyau

Don labarinmu, mun ɗauki misali da Kyawawan ayyuka ciki da bayyana ta "Lambar Ci Gaban Gabatarwa" del Bankin Ƙasar Bankin Ƙasar Amirka, a kan iyakar Software lasisi, wanda dole ne a ɗauka yayin haɓaka samfuran software (kayan aikin dijital), musamman kyauta da buɗe.

Daga cikin kyawawan ayyuka da suke bayarwa, cikin sharuddan Software lasisi su ne wadanda aka ambata a kasa:

a) Haɗa lasisin buɗe tushen tushe

Bayyana shawarar ku, shine:

"... MIT, wanda ke ba da 'yanci ga sauran masu amfani muddin suka danganta mahaliccin asali; lasisi Apache 2.0, mai kamanceceniya da MIT amma kuma yana ba da cikakken kyautar haƙƙin mallaka daga masu ba da gudummawa ga masu amfani; da kuma GNU GPL lasisi, wanda ke buƙatar duk wanda ke rarraba lambarka ko aikin da ya samo asali ya yi hakan yayin riƙe tushen da sharuɗɗan iri ɗaya. Masu biyan haraji suna ba da cikakken izinin haƙƙin mallaka".

b) Haɗa lasisi don takardu

Bayyana shawarar ku, shine:

"Muna ba da shawarar amfani da lasisi na haɗin gwiwa don lasisin takaddun kayan aikin. Da CC0-1.0, CC-BY-4.0 da CC-BY-SA-4.0 misali su lasisin buɗewa ne waɗanda ake amfani dasu don kayan aikin software, daga bayanan bayanai zuwa bidiyo. Lura da cewa CC-BY-4.0 da CC-BY-SA-4.0 kada a yi amfani da su don software. Don kayan aikin da IDB suka haɓaka a halin yanzu, muna bada shawarar amfani da Babu Creativeaddamarwa na CC-IGO 3.0 (CC-IGO 3.0 BY-NC-ND)".

A ƙarshe, idan kuna son karanta namu 2 abubuwan da suka gabata Tare da taken mun bar muku hanyoyin haɗin da ke ƙasa: "Ayyuka masu kyau don haɓaka kyauta da buɗaɗɗen Software: Takaddun shaida" y "Ingancin fasaha: Ayyuka masu kyau wajen haɓaka Software na Kyauta".

ƙarshe

ƙarshe

Muna fatan hakan ne "amfani kadan post" game da «Buenas prácticas» a fagen «Licencias» yi amfani da shi «Software libre y abierto» ci gaba, yana da babban amfani da amfani, ga duka «Comunidad de Software Libre y Código Abierto» da kuma babbar gudummawa ga yaɗawar abubuwan ban al'ajabi, ƙaton halitta da girma na aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace da «GNU/Linux».

Kuma don ƙarin bayani, koyaushe kada ku yi shakka ku ziyarci kowane Laburaren kan layi kamar yadda OpenLibra y JITIT karanta littattafai (PDFs) akan wannan batun ko wasu yankunan ilmi. A yanzu, idan kuna son wannan «publicación», kar a daina raba shi tare da wasu, a cikin ku Yanar gizo da aka fi so, tashoshi, ƙungiyoyi, ko al'ummomi na hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa, zai fi dacewa kyauta kuma a buɗe Mastodon, ko amintacce kuma mai zaman kansa kamar sakon waya.

Ko kuma kawai ziyarci shafinmu na gida a DesdeLinux ko shiga Channel na hukuma Telegram na DesdeLinux don karantawa da jefa ƙuri'a don wannan ko wasu littattafai masu ban sha'awa akan «Software Libre», «Código Abierto», «GNU/Linux» da sauran batutuwan da suka shafi «Informática y la Computación»da «Actualidad tecnológica».


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