chattr: Matsakaicin kariya na fayiloli / manyan fayiloli a cikin Linux ta hanyar halayen ko tutoci

To ... ba kowane abu bane zai iya zama wasa ba, bawai nufina bane kawai buga maganganun da ke magana akan wasanni 😉 ... Ni ba mai amfani bane wanda yake yawan wasa, a gida na barwa budurwata hakan (wanda yanzu ya kamu Sims 4), wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ya ƙara motsa ni don buga ƙarin bayanan fasaha, game da umarni ko tukwici a tashar.

A cikin Linux muna da wasu izini wanda tabbas ke warware kusan kowace matsala, zamu iya tantance wane mai amfani ko rukuni na masu amfani suke da damar isa ga wata hanya, babban fayil, sabis. Koyaya, akwai wasu lokuta da izini ba ainihin abin da muke buƙata ba, kamar yadda akwai yanayi lokacin da muke son ko da tushen ba za mu iya yin wani aiki ba.

A ce muna da babban fayil ko fayil ɗin da ba mu so a share su, bari mu tafi ... ba mai amfani da mu ba, ko wani ta kwamfutar (ehm ... budurwata misali haha), ko ma tushen ba zai iya share shi ba, ta yaya za a cimma wannan? ... izini ba zai taimaka mana ba saboda tushen shine babban-fucking-master, zai iya share komai, to anan ne halayen halayen fayil ko folda suke shigowa.

chattr + na

A ce muna son kare fayil don kada a share shi, shi ne: kalmomin shiga.txt , wurinka (misali) $ HOME / kalmomin shiga .txt

Don kafa sifa-kawai sifa (ma'ana, babu gyara kuma babu sharewa) zai zama:

sudo chattr +i $HOME/passwords.txt

Kamar yadda kake gani, muna buƙatar izinin gudanarwa don sigar + i, wanda ta hanya, + ina nufin cewa fayil ɗin ba zai canza ba, kun sani, ba za a iya share shi ba, ba zai iya canzawa ta kowace hanya ba.

Bayan haka, zaku iya ƙoƙarin share fayil ɗin, koda amfani da sudo ... zaku ga cewa baza ku iya ba, ga hoton hoto:

sayanas

Don jerin ko duba halayen da fayil yake da su zamu iya amfani da umarnin lsattr, alal misali:

lsattr passwords.txt

Sannan don cire kariya maimakon amfani +i muna amfani dashi -i kuma voila 😉

chattr + wani

Kamar yadda muka gani yanzu, sigar + i tana bamu damar kare shi kwata-kwata, amma akwai lokacin da nake buƙatar takamaiman fayil don samun damar gyaruwa, AMMA ba tare da sauya ainihin abin da yake ciki ba. Misali, Ina da jerin kuma ina son a kara sabbin layi da bayanai ta amfani da amsa kuwwa, amma ba tare da canza wadanda suka gabata ba, saboda wannan:

sudo chattr +a $HOME/passwords.txt

Da wannan aka gama, bari muyi kokarin rubuta sabon abu zuwa fayil din:

echo "Prueba" > $HOME/passwords.txt

Za ku lura cewa kun sami kuskure ... amma, idan muka ƙara abun ciki maimakon maye gurbin (ta amfani da >> kuma ba>):

echo "Prueba" >> $HOME/passwords.txt

Anan zamu iya.

Karshe!

Na san cewa wani mai ilimi idan suka ga cewa koda da tushe zai iya share / gyaggyara fayil zai iya bincika halayen sa ... amma, ya! Sau nawa kuka lura da irin wannan kuna daina tunanin halaye? ... Na faɗi haka ne saboda kawai muna tunanin kawai HDD ko ɓangarorinta sun lalace, ko kuma cewa tsarin ya zama mahaukaci 😀

Da kyau babu sauran abubuwa da yawa don ƙarawa ... Ina tsammanin zan yi amfani da wannan daga +i don dakatar da saukar da wani abu da budurwata ke saukowa ... ... ehm ... ashe ba ta so zazzage sims 4 kyauta? Ina tsammanin zan koya muku wani abu ko biyu game da lasisi kuma cewa kada a keta su 😀

Na gode!


10 comments, bar naka

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  1. Wanda ke da alhakin bayanan: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Manufar bayanan: Sarrafa SPAM, sarrafa sharhi.
  3. Halacci: Yarda da yarda
  4. Sadarwar bayanan: Ba za a sanar da wasu bayanan ga wasu kamfanoni ba sai ta hanyar wajibcin doka.
  5. Ajiye bayanai: Bayanin yanar gizo wanda Occentus Networks (EU) suka dauki nauyi
  6. Hakkoki: A kowane lokaci zaka iyakance, dawo da share bayanan ka.

  1.   daina m

    Abin sha'awa don sanin game da wannan kayan aikin, menene idan ya haifar min da son sani, ta wata hanya ba zai zama wani abu makamancin ɗan izini ba? Ie setuid, setgid da ɗan manne? Idan ba haka ba, me yasa? Oo

    PS: Na rasa lissafin lokutan da kace budurwata a cikin wannan labarin hahaha

    1.    Hugo m

      Wannan ma kadan ne, mara canzawa ne, kuma an tsara shi ta yadda ba wanda zai iya gyara ko share fayil ɗin da yake amfani da shi (ba ma tushen ba). Na yi amfani da shi misali don rubuta-kare fayilolin daidaitawa, wanda ke da amfani musamman a cikin rarrabawa kamar Zentyal (hanya ce da ta fi sauri don keɓance tsarin fiye da yin gyara ko ƙirƙirar samfura).

      Ta hanyar haɗa wannan umarnin tare da chown, chmod, da setfacl, za a iya cika abubuwa masu ban sha'awa.

      FreeBSD yana da wani abu makamancin haka, wanda ni kuma nake amfani dashi don pfSense.

    2.    juan m

      Hahaha sanannen lokaci ne.
      http://www.xkcd.
      com / 684 /

  2.   niandekuera m

    [Dr. Bolivar Trask] $ sudo chattr + i * .human

  3.   Tesla m

    Kyakkyawan tsari. Ban san ta ba.

    Zai iya zama da amfani sosai idan muka raba PC ko kuma idan muna da takamaiman takaddar da muke aiki akai wacce ba mu son share ta ga duniya.

    Godiya da fatan alheri!

  4.   Luis m

    Very ban sha'awa.

    Shin za a iya yin wani abu makamancin wannan don ROOT ba zai iya samun damar wani babban fayil a shafin gidanmu ba?

    1.    Tesla m

      Dangane da labarin, tare da wannan umarnin ba ma tushen zai iya samun damar fayil ɗin ba. Ina tsammani iri ɗaya ya shafi manyan fayiloli, tunda a cikin manyan fayilolin Linux kuma fayel ne, dama?

  5.   Joaquin m

    Menene daidaituwa. A wannan satin na yi ƙoƙarin share bangare na tushen kuma na kasa share fayil daga cikin / boot directory. Duba, na sami halayen, ban san su ba kuma yanzu na fahimci cewa batun izini da halaye a cikin fayil yana da girma ƙwarai. Wannan ɗayan mahimmancin umarnin da dole ne mu sani, tare da "chmod" da "yankakke".

  6.   aguatemala m

    Wannan yana da matukar amfani, musamman idan, misali, muna son canza DNS na asali na ISP namu, kuma wannan shine lokacin da yakamata mu gyara /etc/resolv.conf fayil kuma don samun damar yin hakan dole ne muyi chattr -i / sauransu / resolv.conf, gyara IP ɗin da ke bayyana ga waɗanda ke cikin mu na kyauta da / ko na kyauta na DNS (kamar waɗanda na OpenDNS 208.67.222.222 da 208.67.220.220 ko na na Google 8.8.8.8 da 8.8.4.4) da kuma bayan samun gyara fayil din sake yin chattr + i /etc/resolv.conf ta yadda fayel din ba zai gyaru ba yayin da inji ya fara aiki.
    Babban labarin ... kuma af, budurwarka kamar matata ce, kamar yadda ta kamu da wasanni, hahahahaha

  7.   asali m

    A bayyane yake 'babban-fucking-master' shine budurwarka a wannan yanayin. xD