Sabuntawa da inganta MX-Linux 19.0 da DEBIAN 10.2 bayan girkawa

A cikin wannan littafin za mu ci gaba da bayar da hanyar gama gari para sabunta kuma inganta, duka zuwa MX-Linux 19.0 kamar yadda DEBIYA 10.2 bayan sakawa, kamar yadda tsohon ya ginu akan na karshen.

Don yin wannan tutorial mun yi amfani da ISO fayil na karshen MX-Linux Snapshot, 64-bit, kwanan wata Disamba 2019, da ake kira MX-19_Decemba_x64.iso, amma kowa na iya zazzage sabon da aka samo daga a nan, da kuma a ISO fayil na karshen tsayayyen sigar DEBIAN, 64-bit, don DVD, kwanan wata Nuwamba Nuwamba 2019, da ake kira debian-10.2.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso, amma kowa na iya zazzage sabon da aka samo daga a nan.

Wannan zai zama namu farkon koyarwar post-girka akan DEBIAN 10 - Buster, tunda wadanda aka kirkira na karshe suka kasance akan sigar da ta gabata, DEBIAN 9 - Mikewa. Su ne, idan kuna son tuntuɓar su cikin tsari, masu zuwa:

Abubuwan da suka gabata akan DEBIAN da MX-Linux

• Yaya ake inganta GNU / Linux Operating Systems namu? (Duba shigarwa)
• Yaya ake tsara tsarin GNU / Linux Operating Systems namu? (Duba shigarwa)
• Sanya GNU / Linux ɗin ku zuwa Distro wanda ya dace da Ci gaban Software (Duba shigarwa)
• Juya GNU / Linux ɗinku zuwa ingantacciyar hanyar watsa labarai ta Multimedia (Duba shigarwa)
• Juya GNU / Linux ɗinka zuwa mai rarrabuwa Gamer (Duba shigarwa)
• Mayar da GNU / Linux ɗin ku zuwa Tsarin Gudanar da aiki wanda ya dace da Ma'adinin Dijital (Duba shigarwa)

Kuma a halin, kuna so ku sake nazarin abubuwan da suka gabata akan MX-Linux, ana samun wadannan:

• MX-Linux 17.1: Distro na zamani, mai haske, mai ƙarfi da abokantaka (Duba shigarwa)
• MX-Linux 19 - Beta 1: Rarraba Distro # 1 an sabunta (Duba shigarwa)
• MX Linux 19: An fitar da sabon sigar wanda ya danganci DEBIAN 10 (Duba shigarwa)

Saboda waɗannan labaran, da sauransu game da BABU y MX-Linux, wa ke magana game da yadda suke da yadda ake girka su? matakan bayan shigarwa, na waɗannan sababbin nau'ikan da ke akwai na shekara ta 2020.

Matakan bayan-girka da shawarwari don haɓakawa, tsarawa da haɓaka DEBIAN 10 da MX-Linux 19

Ka tuna cewa ayyuka da kunshin da aka ba da shawarar anan don gudu da shigarwa haka kawai, "fakitoci shawarar", kuma ya rage ga kowane ɗayan don aiwatarwa da girka duka ko wasu daga cikinsu, me yasa suke zama dole ko amfani, a cikin gajeren lokaci ko matsakaici, don sanin da amfani dasu, ta hanyar sanya su an riga an shigar ko an girka su.

Kuma ka tuna cewa waɗannan ayyukan da / ko fakitin sun kasance da aka gwada a baya akan duka Distros, kuma kada ku tambaya don cire abubuwan kunshin da aka sanya ta tsohuwa a cikin waɗannan. Bugu da ari, basa kara amfani da memori ko CPU, tunda ba sa lodin aiwatarwa ko ɗimbin ayyuka (sabis) cikin ƙwaƙwalwa ta tsohuwa. Don sanin gaba abin da ake amfani da kowane kunshin, danna a nan.

Sabunta

Kawai don sabunta MX-Linux

A.- Gudu MX-Sabuntawa a cikin maɓallin menu ko daga menu na farawa

B.- Gudu daga a farawa "tushen zama", shigarwa na waɗannan fakitin masu zuwa tare da umarnin mai zuwa:

apt install mx-clocky mx-findshares mx-switchuser mx-timeset-gui mxt-app

Don sabunta DEBIAN / MX-Linux

Gudu daga a farawa "tushen zama”(Akidar @ mycomputer $), shigarwa na waɗannan fakitin masu zuwa tare da umarnin mai zuwa:

apt update; apt full-upgrade; apt install -f; dpkg --configure -a; apt-get autoremove; apt --fix-broken install

apt install aptitude apt-xapian-index apt-transport-https; apt update; update-apt-xapian-index

aptitude clean; aptitude autoclean; apt-get autoremove; apt autoremove; apt purge; apt remove

apt install deborphan localepurge prelink

cp /etc/default/prelink /etc/default/prelink.bck-`date +"%d_%b_%y"`

sed -i 's/PRELINKING=unknown/PRELINKING=yes/' /etc/default/prelink

prelink -all

localepurge; update-grub; update-grub2; aptitude clean; aptitude autoclean; apt-get autoremove; apt autoremove; apt purge; apt remove; apt --fix-broken install

Ayyuka na zaɓi

1.- Canza mai amfani da aka kirkira zuwa mai amfani da sudoers daga asalin mai amfani

adduser myuser tushen Nano / sauransu / sudoers myuser ALL = (ALL: ALL) ALL

Note: Saka layin karshe a ƙasan layin da yake cewa: root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

2.- Sabunta $ $ PATH mai canji a cikin babban fayil .bashrc file: Kawai na DEBIAN 10

Note: Ka tuna cewa a cikin sigar "DEBIAN 10" idan bai fara ba "tushen zama" tare da umarnin «su -» maimakon «su tushen» zaka buƙaci sabunta abubuwan mai canzawa "$ PATH" don hana matsalolin aiwatar da umarni, kamar lokacin amfani da umarnin "Dpkg". Saboda haka, ya zama dole a gyara ɗan matsalar na ɗan lokaci ta hanyar ƙara "TAFIYA" da ake bukata tare da umarnin «Fitarwa» mai bi:

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin

Idan kanaso ka warware ta dindindin, dolene ka shigar da "TAFIYA" da ake bukata kamar haka:

Yanayin 1: Tare da amsar amsa kuwwa

echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin' >> /root/.bashrc

echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin' >> /home/miusuario/.bashrc

Yanayin 2: Tare da umarnin nano

Gudu:

nano /root/.bashrc

Kuma ƙara a ƙarshen layin mai zuwa:

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin

Gudu:

nano /home/usuario/.bashrc

Kuma ƙara a ƙarshen layin mai zuwa:

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin

Tunatarwa: Idan ka shiga tare da umarnin "ya -" Kuna iya tsallake wannan aikin koyaushe.

Musammam

Kirkirar babban fayil na abun ciki na al'ada ko aikace-aikacen kasashen waje a cikin «/ opt /»

mkdir -p / opt / babban fayil na chmod 777 -R / opt / my folda chown myuser. -R / opt / myfolder

Tsarin gyare-gyare na zaɓuɓɓukan sanyi na Panelungiyoyi da abubuwansa

A cikin maganganun da wannan koyarwar ke magana akan, DEBIAN da MX-Linux distros con Yanayin Desktop na XFCE con Whisker Menu, Za a iya aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan:

• Whisker Menu: Canja girman, gunkin menu, jerin aikace-aikacen da aka fi so, da sauran zaɓuɓɓukan tabs na "bayyana da halayya" da ake so a cikin kaddarorinsa.
• Bar Bar: Andara da / ko cire Widget din da ake buƙata ko ake buƙata kuma canza matsayinsu da kaddarorinsu.

Hakanan, tare da aikace-aikacen Babban Menu (Alacarte) za su iya Enable a kashe aikace-aikace bayyane da ake so a cikin Fara Menu.

Keɓance Saitunan Desktop

A cikin sashin (aikace-aikacen) da ake kira XFCE Desktop ana iya yin ayyuka ko canje-canje masu zuwa:

• Bayan Fage: Zaɓi baya ko da yawa kuma zaɓi yanayin gabatarwa iri ɗaya ko duka.
• Menu: Zaɓi zaɓuɓɓukan da ake so ko buƙata daga cikin rukunoni: Menu na Fuskar Fuskoki da Lissafin Window.
• Gumaka: Zaɓi zaɓuɓɓuka da ake so ko buƙata daga nau'ikan: Bayyanar da Tsoffin gumaka.

Tsarin GRUB

• A cikin hali na MX-Linux Kuna iya canza hoton bango ta hanyar yin canje-canje ga Jigon GRUB "Lilin" wanda ya zo ta hanyar tsoho.
• A cikin hali na BABU Kuna iya canza hoton bango ta hanyar yin canje-canje ga Jigon GRUB "Sfilin jirgin sama" wanda ya zo ta hanyar tsoho.

Note: Ana iya yin wannan canjin da hannu ta amfani da gyara fayilolin sanyi na GRUB batutuwa amfani da shi, amma ya fi dacewa don shigar da aikace-aikacen "GRUB Customizer" kuma don yin wannan canjin, sannan kuma cin gajiyar tsara layukan abubuwan da ake shigar dasu GRUB.

Conky Desktop gyare-gyare

En MX-Linux ya ce aikace-aikace an riga an shigar (Manajan Conky), amma cikin BABU zai zama dole a girka shi. Da zarar an girka kuma an saita shi, duk abin da za ku yi shi ne zaɓi kuma siffanta Conky mu zabi.

Ingantawa

apt install neofetch figlet toilet lolcat

Manufar

Sauƙaƙe gyare-gyare na .bashrc fayiloli tushe da mai amfani.

apt install autoconf automake build-essential dkms fastjar g++ gawk gcc gcc-multilib gettext gettext-base intltool intltool-debian jarwrapper gtk-recordmydesktop linux-headers-$(uname -r) mawk mesa-common-dev minizip nasm perl perl-base perl-modules-5.28 pkg-config python-apt python-glade2 python-gtk2 python-libxml2 subversion wx-common wx3.0-headers x11proto-record-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev

Manufar

Bayar da tallafi don ayyukan ci gaba, kamar haɗa ƙwaya ko wasu aikace-aikace.

apt install libalien-wxwidgets-perl libbz2-dev libc6 libcdio-cdda-dev libcdio-dev libcdio-paranoia-dev libcurl3-gnutls libgcc1 libgl1-mesa-dev libglade2-0 libglade2-dev libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-bin libglib2.0-data libglib2.0-dev libglibmm-2.4-1v5 libglibmm-2.4-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libgmp3-dev libgtk-3-dev libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-bin libgtk2.0-common libgtk2.0-dev libguichan-sdl-0.8.1-1v5 libjack-jackd2-dev liblocale-gettext-perl libpcre16-3 libmodule-pluggable-perl libpng16-16 libsdl-console-dev libsdl-gfx1.2-dev libsdl-image1.2-dev libsdl-mixer1.2-dev libsdl-net1.2-dev libsdl-ocaml-dev libsdl-pango-dev libsdl-perl libsdl-sge-dev libsdl-sound1.2-dev libsdl-ttf2.0-dev libsdl1.2-dev libsdl2-2.0-0 libsdl2-dev libsdl2-image-dev libsdl2-mixer-dev libsdl2-net-dev libsdl2-ttf-dev libsigc++-2.0-dev libsndfile1-dev libstdc++6 libtool libvorbisenc2 libwx-perl libwxbase3.0-dev libxcb-xtest0 libxcb-xv0 libxml2 libxml2-dev libxml2-utils libxtst-dev libxv-dev libxv1 libxvmc1 libxxf86vm-dev

Manufar

Ba da tallafi ga mahimman aikace-aikace don masu amfani da ci gaba (multimedia, yan wasa, masu haɓakawa, da sauransu).

apt install arj bzip2 gzip lhasa liblhasa0 lzip lzma p7zip p7zip-full p7zip-rar sharutils rar unace unrar unrar-free tar unzip xz-utils zip

Manufar

Bayar da cikakken tallafi ga ayyukan matsewa / ɓarnawa akan Tsarin Aiki.

apt install alien curl debian-keyring debian-archive-keyring htop lynx net-tools nmap rpm rpm-i18n screen ssh sudo testdisk w3m w3m-img

Manufar

Shigar da plugins da aikace-aikace na asali (mahimmanci da / ko masu amfani) har zuwa Terminal Interface (CLI).

apt install alacarte baobab bleachbit brasero brasero-cdrkit camera.app cdrskin cheese chromium chromium-l10n converseen dcraw dvd+rw-tools dvdauthor evince ffmpegthumbnailer file-roller firefox-esr firefox-esr-l10n-es-es fslint gdebi gedit gedit-plugins gimp gimp-gmic gimp-data-extras gimp-gap gimp-gutenprint gimp-plugin-registry gimp-help-es gnome-disk-utility gnome-orca gparted gphoto2 gpicview gufw imagination kodi libdvdread4 libdvdnav4 libmimic0 libxm4 lightdm-gtk-greeter-settings lsb-release lsdvd menu-l10n menulibre mirage onboard pitivi ooo-thumbnailer plymouth plymouth-themes plymouth-x11 rhythmbox rhythmbox-plugins rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder software-properties-gtk seahorse simple-scan shotwell software-properties-gtk sound-juicer synaptic thunderbird thunderbird-l10n-es-es totem totem-plugins update-notifier vlc vlc-plugin-notify vokoscreen xarchiver xscreensaver zipper.app

Manufar

Sanya add-ons da aikace-aikace na asali (mahimmanci da / ko masu amfani) har zuwa Tsarin Gyara (GUI).

apt install game-data-packager games-minesweeper games-tetris games-thumbnails gnome-cards-data gnome-games

Manufar

Shigar da kunshin aikace-aikacen hutu da nishaɗi (wasanni) (mai mahimmanci da / ko mai amfani) don masu amfani na yau da kullun (sarrafa kansa ofishi).

Resultados

A halin da nake ciki, gudanar da wannan aikin nawa MX-Linux Distro 19 don samar da na sabon šaukuwa da za'a iya shigarwa ISO tare da matsananci gyare-gyare da kuma ingantawaabin da na saba kira "Al'ajibai", yanzu a cikin 2.0 version. Na haɗa hotunan kariyar kwamfuta don ku ga sakamakon:

Ya zuwa yanzu, wannan ɓangaren farko na wannan koyarwar. A bangare na biyu zamuyi sharhi cewa wasu kunshin (aikace-aikace) ana basu shawarar suci gaba da ingantawa (tare da kammalawa) DEBIAN 10 da MX-Linux 19.

ƙarshe

Muna fatan hakan ne "amfani kadan post" game da «DEBIAN y MX-Linux», a cikin sabon juzu'in sa da na yanzu don shekara ta 2020, don cimmawa «actualizarlas y optimizarlas», yana da matukar amfani da amfani, ga duka «Comunidad de Software Libre y Código Abierto» da kuma babbar gudummawa ga yaɗawar abubuwan ban al'ajabi, ƙaton halitta da girma na aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace da «GNU/Linux».

Kuma don ƙarin bayani, koyaushe kada ku yi shakka ku ziyarci kowane Laburaren kan layi kamar yadda OpenLibra y JITIT karanta littattafai (PDFs) akan wannan batun ko wasu yankunan ilmi. A yanzu, idan kuna son wannan «publicación», kar a daina raba shi tare da wasu, a cikin ku Yanar gizo da aka fi so, tashoshi, ƙungiyoyi, ko al'ummomi na hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa, zai fi dacewa kyauta kuma a buɗe Mastodon, ko amintacce kuma mai zaman kansa kamar sakon waya.

Ko kuma kawai ziyarci shafinmu na gida a DesdeLinux ko shiga Channel na hukuma Telegram na DesdeLinux don karantawa da jefa ƙuri'a don wannan ko wasu littattafai masu ban sha'awa akan «Software Libre», «Código Abierto», «GNU/Linux» da sauran batutuwan da suka shafi «Informática y la Computación»da «Actualidad tecnológica».