Kwanan nan na yi ƙaura na ɗayan kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka daga Debian a Arch Linux kuma lokacin daidaita abubuwan da suka danganci musaya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa sai na gano cewa sabon mizanin taya ne don tsarin tsarin Na yi canji ga sunayen na'urar da nake amfani da su a waɗannan hanyoyin.
Farawa tare da tsarin da aka saba na sanya a cikin tashar (wanda ta hanya yana amfani da rxvt unicode tare da zsh azaman na'ura mai kwakwalwa ta asali)ip addr»Samun wadannan:
A wannan yanayin zamu saita sunan hanyar sadarwar da ta dace daidai da kebul na gama gari tare da haɗin RJ45 wanda muke dashi a gida don samun damar Intanet. Abu na farko da zamu gani shine yana ɗauka da suna enp0s4. Wannan ya bambanta sosai daga eth0 nawa muka gani. Abin da za mu yi shi ne canza sunan abin da aka faɗi a cikin mai sauƙin magana don yin magana kuma wannan ya fi sauƙi a gare mu mu buga a cikin na'ura wasan bidiyo.
A matsayin mataki na baya zamu buga cat /sys/class/net/enp0s4/addres a cikin tashar don gano MAC na na'urar. Wannan zai dawo da adadin nau'in: 000: 00: 00: 00: 00: 0 ko kuma kawai kwafe sunan adireshin MAC wanda ya fito tare da umarnin ip addr a cikin mataki na baya. Dole ne mu rubuta shi saboda za mu buƙace shi daga baya.
Bayan wannan mun ƙirƙiri shigarwa a cikin kundin adireshi /etc/udev/rules.d/ ta wannan hanyar:
Fayil ɗin rubutu mai sauƙi mai suna 10-tsarin-network hakan zai yi aiki a matsayin mai sarrafawa kafin daidaitaccen udev. Abin lura ne cewa mun sanya sudo saboda muna buƙatar samun dama ga fayil wanda ke buƙatar wannan izinin yin aiki.
Da zarar mun buɗe sai mu rubuta a ciki:
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ATTR{address}=="00:90:f5:6e:83:57" NAME="internet"
kasancewa a wannan hanya a cikin akwati na:
latsa mabuɗin maɓallin CNTR + o don adana canje-canje da CNTR + x don fita daga edita (a wannan yanayin ina amfani da Nano amma zaka iya amfani da duk abin da kake so). Bayan haka zamu sake kunna kwamfutar don canje-canjen ya fara aiki bayan sake aiwatar da masu biyowa:
Kamar yadda zaku gani idan muka mai da hankali ga sunan musaya, wanda muka sake masa suna ya bayyana tare da manajan suna wanda zamu iya buga saukinsa.
Ina fatan kun same shi da amfani kuma ina gayyatarku da yin tsokaci da yin tambayoyi idan akwai wata damuwa.
Daga yanzu zanyi posting abubuwa kamar haka ... gaisuwa.
woooo godiya ga bayanin, yana da kyau a gare ni, sunayen da suka bayyana tare da tsari suna ɗan ciwo a cikin jaki.
To haka ne .. Kodayake ba matsala ce ta gaske ba idan ta siffa ce .. Ya fi kyau a gudanar da waɗannan hanyoyin tare da karin sunayen wakilai
RAYUWAR sysvinit XDDD
Ina tunanin amma na ga cewa ba ku ne mai amfani da wannan sakon ba hahaha
Har yanzu ban ga kyawawan abubuwa a cikin tsari ba .. Maimakon sauƙaƙa rayuwarmu, da alama ni ke kawo rikitarwa .. Shin wani zai iya gaya mani fa'idar "gaske"?
Wata shari'ar kamar pulseaudio cewa kwatsam daga mahalicci ɗaya ne. Kamar yadda yake da ban mamaki amma ya kasa fiye da karamar bindiga kuma dole ne ku sake Alsa ya sake sarrafa sautin.
Don yin adalci har yanzu yana da kore sosai amma a yanzu kawai fa'idar da nake gani ita ce yana sa tsarin ya fara sakan 5 da sauri don faɗin wani abu. Da fatan debian har yanzu tana kula da sysvinit kuma tsarin yana da zabi.
Musamman, ina tsammanin wannan tsari kyakkyawan zaɓi ne, kawai zai ɗauki ɗan lokaci kafin ya kutsa cikin masu amfani. Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan da na gani shine yawancin matsalolin ana yin su ne ta hanyar rubuce-rubucen da basu da kyau ... Ban musa ba cewa za a iya samun matsaloli na asali amma wannan ba ya nufin cewa su matsaloli ne da ke sa wani aiwatar ya cancanta ya zama mara kyau ko mai kyau
Da alama fa'idodin tsarin ba su da ma'ana. Na karanta bayanai game da ci gaban da na aiwatar amma ban sani ba idan sun fassara zuwa ingantaccen aiki. Kuma idan ba mu watsa a kan Linux a yanzu ba akwai tsarin farawa guda uku da na sani game da: sysvinit, upstart, da systemd. Kuma mafi girma duka, tsarin zai tilasta maka ka canza tsarin fayil na unix, wanda aka sani da / usr move. Wasu bayanai masu ban sha'awa:
http://hackingthesystem4fun.blogspot.com.es/2012/03/usrmove-la-mentira-usrmove-lie.html
Labari mai ban sha'awa, to, na karanta shi cikakke. (Kuma haka ne, tsaftace tsarin kundin adireshi ba zai cutar ba, cewa an adana fayilolin sanyi a cikin kundin adireshi da ake kira "da sauransu" kuma ana rarraba abubuwan aikace-aikacen tare da kundin adireshi daban-daban waɗanda tsarin ya rarraba. Yayi hakan bebe. kuna aiki mai kyau.)
Game da abin da suke faɗi game da PulseAudio da kaina, ban taɓa buƙatarsa ba, ni ɗaya ne daga waɗanda ke tare da ALSA suna zubewa (A koyaushe ina gane HW daidai).
A cikin lamarin musamman na distro da nake amfani da shi, ban taɓa samun matsala da na'urar tebur ba, kodayake akan kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka yana tsokanar yadda sautin ya ɓullo bayan fitowa daga dakatarwa.
Sa'ar al'amarin shine a 'yan kwanakin da suka gabata, bayan yin sharhi game da shi da yawa a cikin tattaunawar, ɗayan masu amfani ya ba da rahoton matsalar a cikin bugtracker, sun sami kuskuren kuma nan da nan suka saki facin cewa suna da alhakin yin amfani da su zuwa Chakra yayin jiran tsayayyar ta gaba sigar PA wanda zai haɗa da wannan facin.
Sigar PA na yanzu a cikin Chakra: 3.0
Kyakkyawan bayani, + 1
Yana da kyau a ga cewa GNU + Linux a ƙarshe ya fito daga mahaifar Unix don zama sabon, mai ƙarfi, sassauƙa da tsarin zamani, gwargwadon buƙatun yanzu.
tsari tare da yadda girmansa har yanzu abin ban mamaki ne, abin al'ajabi ne na iko, sassauƙa da ladabi, kyakkyawan aiki ta Mawaƙa da abokan tarayya.
Wannan koyarwar tana da kyau sosai, amma ina ganin idan har zaku iya aiwatar da duk wadannan matakan to ku ma kuna iya koyo a p0s4 wanda yafi sauki, a daya bangaren kuma yana da kyau a san yadda ake yin abubuwa, wani lokacin ana bukatar su kuma Tabbatacce na hakika yana da suna mara fahimta.
Da kyau, bana jin da gaske abu ne na iya tunawa ko kuma wata ma'ana .. abin da nake ƙoƙarin yi da wannan ƙaramin koyawar shine in magance rashin jin daɗin da mai amfanin zai samu ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba, ban da wannan ina son Nuna cewa Gnu Linux yana da sassauƙa sosai don haka zaka iya tsara shi ta yadda kake so ta bin matakai masu sauƙi ... mafi mahimmanci batun shine cewa ya fi kyau ta hanyar sanya abubuwa na musamman a cikin tsarin ..
yanzu yayin sanya sabuwar archlinux .iso, wifi ya ganeni kamar wlp2s0 wani lokacin kuma kamar wlan0, ko akwai wanda yasan dalilin hakan?
Systemd yana canzawa kuma kernel yana bada goyan baya ga aikin .. Bi koyarwar da ke bugawa kuma gyara su a bayyane .. ta wannan hanyar zaku iya magance matsaloli
Na sadu da wannan yanayin a ɗan lokaci kaɗan kuma, amma abubuwa biyu ne daban-daban
Ta hanyar yarjejeniya fayil ɗin dole ne ya zama ƙasa da 80 (yawanci 70 don wannan shari'ar) kuma
Wannan ya dogara da yadda ragowar tsarin yake ko kuma faranti nawa muke dasu
cat /etc/udev/rules.d/80-net-name-slot.rules
# Wannan fayil ɗin yana rufe ƙa'idojin sake suna don na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa. idan kaine
# share wannan fayil din, /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/80-net-name-slot.rules may
# sake suna ga na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa bisa ga ID_NET_NAME_ {ONBOARD, SLOT, PATH}
# kaddarorin na'urorin sadarwar ku, tare da fifiko a cikin wancan tsari. Duba
# fitowar 'udevadm gwajin-ginannun / sys / aji / net / $ dubawa' don
# cikakken bayani akan menene wannan sabon sunan zai kasance.
#
# http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames
A cikin mahaɗin, sanya zaɓuɓɓuka 3 a ƙarshen (zuwa freedesktop), tare da fayil ɗin ba ya ƙirƙirar su ta atomatik a wurina ba, kuma ba 70- ba ne, ban sanya shi da wani suna na musamman ba, har yanzu ana amfani da 0 kamar yadda yakamata (a a ina da guda daya ne) kuma idan na kara sanya kamar kebul din, sai ya biyoni mai suna eth1 - 2 - 3, ko kuma ya sanya sunayensu a cikin tsarin gano tsarin, 70- yana da amfani idan muna da sama da kwamiti guda daya kuma muna kula da sunan (Muna son wasu kwamitocin su zama masu bin ka'idoji dayan kuma su zama masu dauke da taken0 ko kuma kuna son sanya masa suna, kuma bai dace da sunan da yake fitowa ta atomatik ba oda na hawa koyaushe)
idan yana da 80- yana ci gaba da sanya musu sunaye na al'ada eth0 eth1 eth2 (gwargwadon tsarin ganowa)
Idan 80 din ba ya nan, ko kuma na aika shi ba komai Ina da sunaye "bakake" wadanda idan ina so zan iya yin sharadi
Idan ya kasance 70- ko kuma a batun malami, 10- Na kan sanya sunayen (akwai wani kwaro da ya zagaya cikin watan Janairu kuma idan ba 70 ba, ban dauka ba, ban tuna ba idan shine baka ko debian, amma a cikin wani ya faru)
Na ga ya fi kyau in yi amfani da netcfg kuma a kan wasu kwamfutocin gada-kayan amfani
A cikin debian bana amfani da 80- amma ina amfani da wanda udev ya kirkira kafin zuwa systemd /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
Wataƙila matsalar ta fito ne daga debian…. Kodayake zai zama dole a gani idan kwaron ya shafi dan karamin kunshin da ake samu kuma ba wanda kowane mai tayar da hankali ya bunkasa ba .. tare da na karshen, kamar yadda nayi tsokaci, daya ne daga cikin hanyoyin da yawa don yin daidaitaccen tsari
Duba, kamar kowane mai kacker mai kyau Na nemi gida / gida don sarari don saka Kali Linux (magaji zuwa Backtrack 5).
Kali, sabanin BT ya dogara ne akan Debian, a zahiri _is_ Debian ne tare da ƙari na musamman na… systemd!
A zahiri, ya ɗauki hankalina - ta hanya mai kyau - don ganin cewa Kali Linux yana gudana tare da tsari kamar yana amfani da Debian ne a duk rayuwarsa.
A halin yanzu, ƙungiyar Debian Dev Core:
"Dev1: -Hey, kun ji game da wannan sabon tsarin, ba zai zama da kyau a aiwatar da shi ba?"
«Dev2: -WTF, amma wa kake tsammani kai !!! Lokacin da kuke kanku har yanzu ina amfani da SysV, kuma ina faɗakar da ku cewa na shirya ci gaba da amfani da shi har sai na mutu !!! »
«Dev3: -Hey tsine, kalli abin da kake faɗi ...»
«Dev4: -Yana gani a gare ni cewa kawun wani mai kutse ne ...»
«Dev5: -Luka, hake, a cikin Debian muna alfahari game da tattara gizo, kar ku ba mu sabon shirme kamar wannan. Wataƙila a cikin shekaru 15 ko 20 idan aka gwada shi sosai za mu ba shi kallo na biyu kuma idan muka ga ya cika ƙa'idodin za mu shigar da shi cikin Sid »
«Dev1: -Amma ya ku mutane, yana da kyau, kada ku kasance kamar haka, kawai ina ganin cewa * babban * PID1 ne, mafi sassauƙa, cikakke da ƙarfi fiye da SysV, wanda a zahiri yana nuna alamun rashin lafiya na dade ina so kawai ... »
«Shara2: -BLASFEMIA !!!»
"Dev4: -Ya, yi ikirari, da sauri, kun fito daga Arch, babu tsinanne!?"
«Dev5: -QUEEEEE ??? Amma me kuke tsammani, ta yaya zamu sanya wani abu wanda ba'a gwada shi sosai ba !! ?? »
«Dev1 yana amsawa ga Dev5: -Sai dai hey, shine a wannan zamanin tare da yawan F / LOSS bai zama dole a jira shekaru ba, tunda ana gwada software sosai kuma ta hanyar rarraba daban-daban daidaito da kwanciyar hankali kusan ana da tabbacin, kawai my cents 50… »
«Dev3: -Ta, fuck your cent 50 to, wane ɓangare ne ba ku fahimta ba cewa wannan Debian ce? Muna ƙara tsoffin software ne kawai ga rarrabawarmu, la'ane shi. "
«Dev5: -Ba shakka, da kyau Dev3, ku saurare ni ku Dev1, kawai lokacin da aka fara maye gurbin wannan software ta tsara na gaba na PID1 za muyi tunanin haɗa shi cikin Debian. Lokaci, ba sauran magana game da shi. "
«Dev1: -Wannan ke nan ...»
«Dev2: -Kuma ku zo, kuna neman shi mutum, ya fi kyau ku saka lokacinku a patching da tallafawa SysV da ƙara tsawon rayuwarsa mai amfani har zuwa shekaru goma, idan ta kasance tana yi mana aiki sosai har tsawon shekaru 20 don menene za mu maye gurbinsa yanzu. »
«Dev3: - Wannan mutumin, idan muka kalli SysV da ƙauna har yanzu akwai PID1 na ɗan lokaci.»
«Dev1: -Ta, lafiya, ina tsammanin suna da gaskiya, gara na fara facin wata software wacce ba'a tsara ta don buƙatun zamani ba saboda haka tare da ƙoƙari mai yawa zamu iya ci gaba da amfani da shi ...»
«Dev4: -Ya tabbata, ba shakka, wannan ita ce hanya ba hanyoyinku na zamani ba.
"Dev1: -Ok, ok, sun yarda da ni, systemd wawa ne kuma mutumin da ya aikata hakan wawa ne, wanda yake tunanin yin irin wannan abun lokacin da akwai SysV?"
Nuna {2,3,4,5}: - «Bari mu toya wa samari tsawan shekaru 50 masu zuwa na tsaiko!»
Da fatan elav bai san inda kake zaune ba ...
Haha, na hango shi yana dariya yana murza ƙwallan baseball ɗinsa xD
Amfani da tsari akan sysvinit / openrc ko upstart, ba wai yana da girma ba, yana da sauƙi saboda yana farawa cikin 3 ko 4 da sauri.
Ban sani ba game da farawa, ina tsammanin ban taɓa amfani da shi ba, aƙalla cikin sani.
Sakanni 3 ko 4 dangi ne, ina da kwamfuta, wacce a cikakkiyar taya ta ɗauki mintuna 10 (debian ba tare da X ba kuma tare da duk abin da aka inganta) tare da tsari, ya tafi rabi ko ƙasa (ayyuka iri ɗaya, diski iri ɗaya, iri ɗaya cpu, rago ɗaya), wato, har sai ya ɗauki caji,
Idan kun taɓa amfani da ubuntu, ya kamata ku sani cewa yana farawa, idan ba haka ba, a bayyane yake.
"Yanayi ne kawai saboda yana farawa cikin sakan 3 ko 4 cikin sauri."
A hakikanin gaskiya ba haka bane, a zahiri babban mai haɓaka tsarin ya bayyana a cikin imel daga ML ɗin sa cewa basu taɓa tunanin tsari a matsayin tsarin farawa da sauri ba, cewa wannan sakamakon aikin tsarin ne - wanda yake da daɗin gaske tunanin abin da za'a iya cimmawa idan suka yanke shawarar inganta tsarin don zama mai sauri ...
"Amfani da tsarin da aka yi akan sysvinit / openrc ko upstart, ba wai hakan yana da girma ba"
Game da SysV init fa'idar tana da girma idan aka kwatanta da Upstart ba yawa ba.
SysVinit babban katako ne, amalanke kusa da Porsche.
Kodayake SysVinit ya yi aiki da ma'anarta tsawon shekaru, gaskiyar ita ce, ƙididdigar iyakokin software da aka yi, tunani da ƙira shekaru da yawa da suka gabata kuma don wannan lokacin ana ƙara zama sananne.
Wasu daga cikin matsaloli tare da SysV ban da jinkirin jinkirin takalmin sa sune yanayin-tsere wanda yawanci ke faruwa a wurare daban-daban, tsarin sa don kunnawa da kashe abubuwa da kuma yadda rikitarwa yake don ƙara sabbin aikace-aikace da ɗiya ga wannan tsarin ba tare da keta jerin ba. Na farko.
tsari yana warware duk wannan ta hanya mai tsabta, mai amfani, daidaitacciya kuma ingantacciya - yayin da a cikin SysV gabaɗaya kowane rarrabawa yana aiwatar dashi kamar yadda yake so.
Game da Upstart Ban sani ba da yawa fiye da fayilolin saitin sa, wanda tsananin magana BANGASKIYA, yana da Sinanci, azabtarwa ne gyara su kuma yana da sauƙi a yi kuskure idan ba mahaukaci ba ne da rikici.
A gefe guda Upstart yana da inganci sosai kamar yadda sababbin juzu'in Ubuntu a kan mashina suka fara kuma rufe kusan nan take - abin ban mamaki.
Koyaya, lokacin da aka tambayi Poettering idan da gaske suna buƙatar sysmted kuma idan basuyi nazarin wasu zaɓuɓɓuka kamar Upstart ba, ya amsa da cewa eh, sun bincika su, cewa akwai abubuwa da yawa da suke so kuma hakika a cikin shirye-shiryen aiwatarwa cikin tsari amma cewa a cewarsu tsarin ginin Upstart bai da kyau kuma yana da matukar wahala cewa nan gaba zasu sami matsalolin da suka samo asali daga hakan.
Ka tuna cewa tsarin an haife shi ne a matsayin Red Hat himma saboda dalilai biyu masu muhimmanci:
1. Saboda kwarewar _vastisima_ da kamfanin yake da shi a dubunnan abubuwan da aka tura, sun kai ga matsayar cewa suna bukatar yin wasu canje-canje na asali a cikin tsarin su don biyan bukatun su, canje-canje wadanda a hankalce basa nuna karfin soja fiye da daya - kamar dai dukkan su canje-canje.
2. Ba boyayye bane ga kowa cewa Red Hat yana neman zama Red Hat ba GNU + Linux ba.
Bayan bayanan larabawa da sauran abubuwan raba hankali, gaskiyar ita ce tsarin GNU + Linux yana karɓar tsari kuma wannan yana da kyau saboda dalilai da yawa:
1. ci gaba yana hanzari don haka za'a iya samun ingantaccen samfuri cikin ƙarancin lokaci
2. Ta hanyar haɗawa da buƙatun rarraba daban-daban da kuma haɗa kai da manyan masu haɓaka waɗannan rarrabawa tare da tsari da hulɗa tare da masu haɓakawa daga wasu rarrabawar da ke tattauna faci da fasali, yana da sauƙi mara iyaka don samun ingantaccen samfurin
3. Bayarda hankali ne ga rabarwar da aka aiwatar dashi (mai matukar mahimmanci!) Kuma an inganta shi azaman daidaitacce (kamar POSIX) wani abu wanda mai gudanarwa wanda dole ne yayi aiki a cikin mahalli daban-daban wanda ya kunshi rarrabuwa daban-daban amma waɗanda suke raba tushen tsarin gudanarwa zai lallai darajar irin wannan tsarin.
$ systemctl zaiyi aiki iri daya akan Fedora kamar budeSUSE ko Arch ko Chakra ko Red Hat ko Kali Linux ko wani rarraba wanda yake amfani da tsari kuma hakan yayi kyau.
4. Samun adadi mai yawa na mutanen da suka dace da aiki a kan PID1 da distro kanta ke amfani da shi yana sa aikin ya zama mai sauƙi ga masu ba da kansu lokacin warware matsaloli ko neman taimako ko ra'ayoyi kan yadda za a aiwatar da wani ko wani aiki.
5. Kamar yadda tsarin aiki yake bude-kuma mai matukar muhimmanci-, hakan ya sanya tallafi da inganta aikin ya zama daya daga cikin mafi girman ayyukan FLOSS.
Misali, lokacin da mai kula da kunshin kowane rarrabawa, wanda ya hada da farawa daemons a farkon, ya gabatar da sigar aikinsa a cikin jerin aikawasiku masu tsari yana neman tsokaci da shawarwari, yana faruwa bayan babban hadin gwiwa yana yiwuwa suna da wannan sabis ɗin don nunawa, a mafi kyawun hanya, wanda ba kawai yana amfani da mai haɓaka wanda ya buɗe batun ba har ma yana aika UPSTREAM ga waɗanda suka ci gaba da aikace-aikacen kanta don su yanke shawara idan suna so su sanya wannan sabis ɗin a cikin su kunshin kansa kuma tare da wannan ya sanya shi 100% mai dacewa da tsarin OOTB.
6. tsarin yana da ɗaruruwan ɗaruruwan sabbin abubuwa waɗanda ke sa gudanar da tsarin da yake sarrafawa ya kasance mai sauƙi da sauƙi. Misali, yana da alhakin gudanar da tsarin PAM don manajojin shiga, kula da hanyoyin nesa zuwa tsarin, loda ayyukan da ake nema kan sauraron kwantena maimakon samun bacci mai daemon a cikin ƙwaƙwalwa da satar CPU da ƙwaƙwalwar da ake jira don kunnawa, sarrafawa a ingantacciyar hanyar sadarwar yanar gizo da na'urorin da aka shigar dasu cikin tsarin ... hakika dodo ne, babban Leviathan amma ba kamar sauran tsarin wannan girman ba yana aiki ne a cikin hanzari, hanzari kuma mai santsi kuma ina ganin kawai dalilin hakan shine , don babban tsarin kamar systemd (kuyi tunanin cewa a cikin dan kankanin lokaci zai gudanar da dukkan tsarin) shine an tsara shi don ya zama mai inganci, mai daidaituwa da daidaituwa daga farawa.
Musamman abin da na fi wahala daga amfani da tsarin shi ne cewa dole ne in sake koyon duk abin da har zuwa yanzu nake amfani da shi don sarrafa inji ta.
Abin fahimta ne cewa wasu abubuwan tarihi sun kasance suna amfani da wata hanya ta tsawon shekaru suna tsayayya da irin wannan canjin ... amma yaya! Wannan kimiyyar kwamfuta ce, anan kawai abin da ba ya canzawa shine canjin yana ci gaba 😉
Na gode.
Na manta:
"Idan baku taba amfani da ubuntu ba, to ya kamata ku san menene upstart, idan ba a bayyane yake ba .."
Abin da wani m martani, dama? Mallakar wani wanda yayi imani da shi kuma ya sani kaɗan.
Bayan hujjarka, na tabbata da gaske cewa kun san yadda ake samar da duk abincin da kuka ci, dama? Nace KOMAI.
Daidai ne da lokacin da ka hau kan bas ko jirgin sama, kana da cikakkiyar masaniya game da duk sassan abin hawan, har ma da ƙarami, game da yadda yake aiki, da mai, da man shafawa da sauran ruwan da suke amfani da shi da kuma yadda kowannensu da nasa masana'antu tsari aka hada.
Ko kuma lokacin da kake amfani da alkalami, tabbas kana da cikakken bayanin yadda ake yin tawada.
Ban sani ba idan @ yana wucewa ta nan har yanzu ban karanta wautarku ba ko kuma kawai yana da ladabi da wayewa don in amsa muku yadda ya kamata.
A nawa bangare, na riga na tsufa kuma na kasance mai fara'a da haƙuri don in jimre wa almara irin ta ku:
SHAN NI KWAI.
(kuma a'a, ban kare kowa ba, kawai na kamu da rashin lafiya irin wannan rashin mutunci da girman kai mai guba a cikin jimla guda).
msx, windows suna amfani da tsarin boot iri daya daga lokacin Musa xD, tsarin fayil iri daya, tsarin sauti iri daya kuma babu abinda yake faruwa! Don haka wannan Linux ce, inda muke sake motsa motar ko gwada ta kowace shekara 5 ko 6, amma ba lissafi bane, kawai wani ɓangare ne na XD
Ahh duba ...
A bayyane yake ba.
Tsarin taya ya canza daga 98 / Me zuwa XP (NTLD) sannan ya sake canzawa tare da Windows 7 kuma yanzu an sabunta shi tare da Windows 8 - wanda yake mai ma'ana ne saboda fasahohin ba iri ɗaya bane kuma abubuwan da ake buƙata ba ɗaya bane.
windows 7 yana da windows vista.
msx, amma menene lafin da kuke sha, amma menene lafin da kuka gaskata? Ee, na amsa kwata-kwata na al'ada, amma kuna da shirmen kanku kuna fassara abubuwa a matsayin mutumin da ke da karancin ƙarfi, ba laifina ba ne. Magana ce kawai da na yiwa abokiyar zama, ba tare da son yaudara ko wani abu ba, ka halicci komai a cikin ranka, ban da haka, je ka sami linden, saboda wannan dacin da kake ciki
Na riga na tambaye ku kwanakin baya don Allah a dakatar da wannan. Ni ba mahaifin ɗayansu bane ya tsawatar musu .. Zasu yi yaƙi da Twitter, G + ko Skype .. Yayi kyau yanzu.
Da kyau,
abin da watakila debian ke da shi (a yanzu), shi ne cewa ba ta da tsaurarawa tare da rubutun kuma ta hanyar sihiri, kodayake "Ee, yi abin da na ce!" m
Cewa Arch din masu sabo ne? Da kyau, Arch shine kishiyar Debian Stable, tabbas tabbas hakane
A'a a'a, yadda masu kogon dijital ke ganin mu ne, gaba ɗaya suna tsoran rawar da maharba ke ɗauka; -D
Babbar matsalar ba umarni bane, amma al'ada ce da ke kama wani abu da ake amfani dashi.
Kyakkyawan zaɓi na Arch, amma a yanzu zan gwada Slackware.
Godiya ga tip!
Yaya kyau wancan ya kasance da amfani
Kyakkyawan bayani =) kawai cewa a cikin rubutun rubutu ya zo kamar haka
"Fayil ɗin rubutu mai sauƙi mai suna 10-tsarin-hanyar sadarwa." kuma a cikin hoton hakan shine daidai yadda yake zuwa azaman 10-network.rules
gaisuwa
Ya yi min aiki ... saboda wani tsari mai kayatarwa da nake da shi amma kuma ina adawa da irin wannan labarin inda suke sanya layin Linux zama mai matukar wahala ga idanun marasa kwarewa ..
Meye banbanci idan aka kira abin da ake kira shi idan ana kiran shi idan abu mai mahimmanci shine kana da intanet .. iri daya kuma a cikin tsarin da nake da shi wani sunan wifi zai min aiki kuma idan don amfani da jirgin sama ne Har ila yau, labarin ɗaya ne amma kamar yadda Linux ke ba ku wannan zaɓi na keɓancewa sannan ku canza shi .. godiya ga labarin .. hoto
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/BI9FCzQCEAIM0ud.png:large