Tsarin ArchLinux ba tare da layi ba-mataki-mataki

Abokinmu Hugo Florentino ne ya aiko min da wannan labarin ta imel, inda yake ba mu labarin gogewar sa ta kokarin girka ArchLinux ba tare da samun wurin ajiyewa a hannu ba, kawai ta yin amfani da faifan girke-girke

Sanya karya

Kwanaki kadan da suka gabata na zazzage ArchLinux ISO don yin shigar gida. Bayan da nayi amfani da wasu abubuwan rarraba wanda zai baka damar girka aʙalla ʙananan bayanai daga CD ɗin, na so yin wani abu makamancin haka, amma da ban sha'awa ba a tsara tsarin shigar da Arch don kwamfutar da ba ta da damar Intanet ba (sakamakon masu haɓaka rayuwa a cikin duniyar farko).

A halin da nake ciki, na riga na sami Windows 7 (tare da boot da system system) da Fedora (tare da swap da part dinta / boot) a kan diski na. Tunanin ya kasance don sarrafa shigar Arch inda Fedora yake a baya, ba tare da lalata Windows a cikin aikin ba.

ArchLinux wajen shigar da layi ta hanyar layi

Da kyau, na fara daga CD ɗin Arch, na zaɓi x86_64, kuma ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba sun bar ni a na'urar wasan bidiyo. Na yi tunani, "Kai, waɗannan mutanen da gaske ne game da kasancewa ba sabon shiga distro ba ... to, bari mu yi wasa tare sannan mu ga abin da zai faru."

Na lissafa kundin adireshin inda zan ga ko akwai wasu takardu kuma na gano cewa lallai akwai rubutu tare da jagorar shigarwa ta farko. Na rubuta abin da ya dace a wata takarda (Ba ni da firintar a gida) kuma na fara aiki.

Abu na farko da nayi shine canza fasalin maballin zuwa Mutanen Espanya daga Spain, wanda ya kasance mai sauʙi fiye da yadda nake tsammani (har ma akwai abin da ake kira us-accents a hankali):

loadkeys es

Abu na gaba shine hawa kan diski na waje don adana kwafin MBR idan akwai matsala kuma ba zato ba tsammani mu sami mahimman bayanan da na samu a cikin Fedora na:

mkdir -p / mnt / tmp1 && mount / dev / sdb1 / mnt / tmp1 dd idan = / dev / sda na = / mnt / tmp1 / mbr.bin bs = 512 count = 1

Abin farin Arch's LiveCD yana tallafawa NTFS kuma yana ciki Mai tsakar dare (MC), saboda haka cikin kankanin lokaci na gama tanadin sauran bayanan.

Daga nan sai na zazzage faifan, na cire kundin adireshin na wucin gadi, kuma na cire diski na waje da jiki don rage haɗarin yiwuwar "masifu."

umount /mnt/tmp1 && rmdir /mnt/tmp1

Don haka sai na tsara bangarorin na, na sanya tushen da kuma boot boot, kuma na kunna musayar:

mkfs -t ext4 / dev / sda3 mkfs -t ext4 / dev / sda6 Mount / dev / sda6 / mnt mkdir -p / mnt / boot mount / dev / sda3 / mnt / boot swapon / dev / sda5

Mataki na gaba shine matsalata ta farko:

pacstrap /mnt base

Arch a bayyane yake ʙoʙarin neman bayanan ajiyar bayanai akan ɗayan madubin, kuma baya samun komai, komai makulli did was ʙirʙirar tsarin kundin adireshi a cikin / mnt, mai tsari sosai, amma a bayyane fanko.

Ta waya, na tambayi wasu abokaina da suke amfani da Arch idan babu wata hanyar da za a girka ba tare da samun damar intanet ba a kalla ire-iren wadannan manhajojin da suke kan LiveCD, ba tare da an ajiye kogon ajiya a diski ba, kuma sun fada min cewa a kalla ba su san yadda za su yi ba.

Na sami fasahar 'kalubale' mai kayatarwa, don haka na yi tunani, 'idan Arch zai iya shiga cikin yanayin LiveCD, ya kamata ya iya girkawa zuwa rumbun kwamfutarka aʙalla wannan yanayin,' don haka na gwada ta kwafin fayilolin da hannu sauran karatun (tare da wasu ʙananan canje-canje) don ganin abin da ya faru:

rsync -avl / {bin, da sauransu, gida, lib, lib64, opt, root, sbin, srv, usr, var} / mnt arch-chroot / mnt genfstab -p / >> / etc / fstab echo hpc> / etc / sunan mai masauki ln -sf / usr / share / zoneinfo / Cuba / sauransu / lokutan gida-gida

Mataki na gaba shine matsalata ta gaba:

mkinitcpio -p linux

Wannan umarnin ya samar da wasu kurakurai, bayan karanta littafin umarnin da abun cikin fayilolin /etc/mkinitcpio.conf y /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux.preset, Na fahimci cewa umarnin bai sami fayil ba vmlinuz-Linux, don haka na danna Ctrl + D don fita daga yanayin chroot, kuma na nemi kowane fayil ɗin da yayi kama da shi:

find / -type f -iname "*vmlinuz*"

Yana faruwa cewa Arch's LiveCD yana saka fayilolin taya a ʙarʙashin kundin adireshi / gudu /, don haka na yanke shawarar kwafar min su / taya / don samun su masu amfani a cikin yanayin ɗabi'ata:

cp /run/archiso/bootmnt/arch/boot/=memtest,intel_ucode.img} / mnt / boot / cp / run / archiso / bootmnt / arch / boot / x86_64 / * / mnt / boot / arch-chroot / mnt

Kamar yadda wani kuskuren da na samo gwaji tare da mkinitcpio shine cewa ba'a iya samun lakabin asalin bangare ba, sai na rubuta UUID din ta (wanda na gano ta amfani da umarnin mara kyau) don amfani dashi tare da umarnin, wanda a karshe yayi kama da wannan:

mkinitcpio -p linux -k /boot/vmlinuz root=UUID=d85938aa-83b8-431c-becb-9b5735264912

A wannan lokacin ginin ya ʙare cikin nasara, kawai tare da gargaɗi guda biyu na kayan aikin da ba za a iya samu ba, amma a halin da nake ba a buʙata ba. Daidai dai, Na sake kirkirar fstab, amma wannan lokacin na tantance UUID:

genfstab -U -p / > /etc/fstab

Na yi tunani: ah da kyau, a ʙarshe ci gaba. Kuma na ci gaba da canza kalmar sirri kuma na sanya bootloader.

passwd grub-kafa -target = i386-pc -recheck / dev / sda grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

A ʙarshe kuma don zama mai dabara, sai na sake danna Ctrl + D don in fita daga yanayin da aka ɗauka, na tarwatsa komai kuma na sake farawa don ganin abin da ya faru:

umount / mnt / boot umount / mnt sake yi

Kwamfutar ta sake kunnawa ta nuna menu na Grub tare da Arch (Windows bai bayyana a ko'ina ba), don haka na zaɓe shi kuma komai yana da kyau yana tafiya daidai har sai ... tsarin ya nuna cewa akwai kurakurai da ya kamata in bincika tare da umarnin mai zuwa:

journalctl -xb

Yin nazarin kurakuran, na ga cewa mafi yawan za a iya yin watsi da su, amma na ʙarshe baʙon abu ne, yana gaya min cewa ba za a iya samun plymouth ba.

Nan da nan na yi tunani, 'Plymouth ??? Me yasa heck yayi yanayin motsa jiki mai kwakwalwa don buʙatar abu kamar wannan? Wannan ba ze zama KISS da za a faɗi ba. Lallai ban sanya shi ba, kuma ba ni bukatarsa. "

Amma don zama mai amfani, na yi tunani: "To, amma aʙalla ya kamata a ambata shi a cikin wasu fayil, bari mu gani ...":

find /etc -type f -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i "plymouth"

Abin mamaki, babu wani fayil tare da rubutun rubutu "plymouth" da ya bayyana a cikin kundin adireshin sanyi. Na yi tunani to: Ā«Oh, don haka ... ka tilasta kanka tare da ni? to bari mu ga yadda za ku iya yin amfani da 'igwa' '(kamar yadda muke faɗa a Cuba), kuma ā€œNa ginaā€ plymouth daga ɓoye:

vi / usr / bin / plymouth chmod 755 / usr / bin / plymouth

Ga wadanda ku ke mamakin abin da na sanya a cikin wannan fayil ɗin, ga abin da ke ʙunshe cikin ɗaukakarsa duka:

#! / bin / sh fita

Na sake sake sa rai ina tsammanin wani kuskure kuma ... abin mamaki, systemd yayi farin ciki da ya gano cewa "muhimmin abu", saboda ya gama aikin farawa kuma ba tare da bata lokaci ba ya bar ni a cikin na'urar wasan. Tunda na kasa yarda da idanuna, sai na yanke shawarar "cire" plymouth kuma na sake yi, don ganin abin da zai faru:

rm -fr / usr / bin / plymouth sake yi

Baʙon abu, wannan lokacin tsarin ya fara cikin nutsuwa ba tare da ʙara ɓata mani rai da rashi na Plymouth ba. (Ba Sharhi)

Ara Windows zuwa GRUB

Hakanan ya kasance don ʙara shigarwar Windows zuwa GRUB. Kamar yadda hanyoyin gargajiya basu yi aiki ba (haɗuwa da girk-mkconfig con os-prober ba da alama yana aiki sosai), na yanke shawarar ʙirʙirar shigarwa da hannu, wanda nake buʙatar gano zaren bootloader na Windows da UUID na ɓangaren taya:

mkdir -p / mnt / winboot && mount / dev / sda1 / mnt / winboot grub-probe --target = hints_string / mnt / winboot / bootmgr grub-probe --target = fs_uuid / mnt / winboot / bootmgr

Wannan ya dawo da ni ɗayan waɗannan layu biyu:

--hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1
DC788F27788EFF8E

Ta wannan hanyar na tabbatar cewa UUID ya dawo daidai yake da wanda aka samo don wancan bangare lokacin aiwatar da umarnin mara kyau. Daga baya ya zama dole a samar da shigar mutuncin al'ada tare da bayanan da aka faɗi:

vi /etc/grub.d/40_custom

A cikin abubuwan da ke ciki:

#! / bin / sh exec tail -n +3 $ 0 # Wannan fayil ɗin yana samar da hanya mai sauʙi don ʙara shigarwar menu na al'ada. Kawai shigar da shigarwar # menu da kuke son ʙarawa bayan wannan sharhin. Yi hankali kada a canza # layin 'exec tail' a sama. menu na "Microsoft Windows 7 SP1" - class windows --class os {insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs insmod search_fs_uuid insmod ntldr search --fs-uuid --set = tushen --hint-bios = hd0, msdos1 --hint-efi = hd0, msdos1 --hint-baremetal = ahci0, msdos1 DC788F27788EFF8E ntldr / bootmgr}

Da zarar an gama wannan matakin, sai na yanke shawarar sanya Windows a matsayin tsarin aiki na asali, don kada matata ta firgita kuma 'yar uwata zata iya taka mata Barbies idan ta zo. Don wannan kawai na gyara fayil ɗin / sauransu / tsoho / gira kuma na saita shigarwar don farawa ta tsohuwa da lokacin kashewa zuwa sakan 3 kawai.

GRUB_DEFAULT = 2 GRUB_TIMEOUT = 3

Ya rage kawai don sake sabunta tsarin GRUB, kuma sake farawa:

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg sake yi

Abin farin ciki, komai ya tafi kamar yadda ake tsammani. Na zabi shigarwar Windows kuma ta fara cikin farin ciki.

Don haka kamar yadda kuke gani, idan kuna iya yin aʙalla hanyar ArchLinux ta hanyar layi ta hanyar shigowa mataki-mataki ba tare da kasancewa tare da CD ɗin kawai ba, kodayake a bayyane yake, abin da za a girka a kan babban faif ɗin shine ainihin LiveCD, amma aʙalla yana iya kora tsarin, kwafa fayiloli, da gudanar da wasu aikace-aikace.

Abin farin ciki, Sandy (KZKG ^ Gaara) ya tsaya ya kwafe Arch repo (wanda nake matukar godiya da shi), don haka na shirya gamawa da yin ainihin shigarwa na kan layi ba da daɗewa ba, amma wannan zai zama wani labari. Abin da zan iya tabbatar muku shi ne cewa na ɗan lokaci yanzu na rasa irin wannan gwajin nishaɗin kaɗan. A hakikanin gaskiya idan ina da lokaci, haɗuwa a cikin gida da wasu sharuɗɗan kayan aiki da aka tabbatar, da alama zan yi ʙoʙari na rarraba al'ada bisa ga LFS, wanda zai zama aikin da yafi fun. šŸ˜‰


19 comments, bar naka

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  1. Wanda ke da alhakin bayanan: Miguel Ɓngel GatĆ³n
  2. Manufar bayanan: Sarrafa SPAM, sarrafa sharhi.
  3. Halacci: Yarda da yarda
  4. Sadarwar bayanan: Ba za a sanar da wasu bayanan ga wasu kamfanoni ba sai ta hanyar wajibcin doka.
  5. Ajiye bayanai: Bayanin yanar gizo wanda Occentus Networks (EU) suka dauki nauyi
  6. Hakkoki: A kowane lokaci zaka iyakance, dawo da share bayanan ka.

  1.   sarfaraz m

    Fata za ku ba FreeBSD Elav gwadawa.
    Amma ga jagorar ku, yana da kyau ʙwarai da gaske kuma cikakke ...

    1.    Ramp m

      Yaya mai canzawa. Ina tabbatar muku, za ku gaji da FreeBSD cikin inan watanni.

      1.    lf m

        Bayanai masu ban sha'awa, duk da haka har yanzu ban ga jagororin da za a girke baka a cikin tsarin tare da UEFI ba, shin maharba suna da sabbin PC?

        1.    kari m

          Shigarwa tare da UEFI a cikin ArchLinux an sauʙaʙe ta girka Antergos, kawai kuna ʙirʙirar bangare a cikin Fat32 tare da ʙasa da 500MB kuma ta atomatik (lokacin da kuka kunna USB tare da UEFI), Antergos zai yiwa alama alamar kamar / taya.

      2.    sarfaraz m

        Wannan shine dalilin da yasa na canza ... Don kada in sake canzawa daga Linux zuwa BSD: D.

    2.    sarfaraz m

      Canjin da aka yi da rubutaccen jagora: D.

    1.    ne ozkan m

      Ci gaba da amfani da Arch, cewa idan na je Havana zan ɗauka.

  2.   Alex m

    Ina da Arch Linux iso akan usb ɗina ban taɓa yin amfani da shi ba saboda rashin lokaci.
    Zan yi nazari mai kyau game da labarin sannan in yi amfani da shi!

  3.   Warheart m

    Kyakkyawan labari, ta hanyar yana tunatar da ni game da odyssey da na shiga don shigar Arch ta hanyar WIFI tare da BCM4312.

  4.   kalavito m

    Elav, gafara tambaya amma ni sabuwa ce ga Linux, kawai nayi amfani da ubuntu ne kuma arch Linux yana ɗauke hankalina. Abokaina sun ce ba zan iya girka shi ba saboda na masana ne, amma ganin koyarwar da kuke yi a wajen layi, ina ganin bin mataki mataki zan iya yi, kalubale ne a gare ni na girka. Ni kawai nake son yi da Intanet, a can tambayata: kuna da shi ko yaushe zaku yi darasi mai cikakken bayani (kamar wannan) don girka shi?

    1.    dacko m

      An buga jagorar akan wannan rukunin yanar gizon. https://blog.desdelinux.net/guia-de-instalacion-de-arch-linux-2014/

      šŸ˜€ Don haka amfani da jagorar da kuma kula da abin da aka aikata zamu sami shigarwa ba tare da rikitarwa ba, sa'a!

    2.    kari m

      Har yanzu kuna iya sanya Antergos, wanda shine Archlinux amma tare da shigarwar "salon Ubuntu" .. šŸ˜€

  5.   aphanic m

    A cikin Arch akwai wani matsakaicin matsakaici na shigarwa zuwa hotunan hukuma waɗanda ake kira Archboot wanda, ba kamar hotunan hukuma ba, yana ʙunshe da maɓallin [ainihin] (da wani abu dabam), mai amfani don girke-girke na wajen layi (shi ma tsarin gine-gine ne, ana amfani da shi don i686 da na x86_64).

    Abu mara kyau shine ya mallaki 1GB a yanzu (yana amfani da shi ʙasa da shekaru da yawa da suka gabata) hakan zai zama dole a zazzage shi gabanin ... kuma ba tare da haɗin haɗin kai ba don yin wannan saukarwar ta farko yana da rikitarwa.

    Anan akwai hanyar haɗi idan har kun sami amfani: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/archboot

    1.    kari m

      Abin sha'awa, ban san shi ba šŸ˜€

    2.    Hugo m

      Da kyau, mai ban mamaki dan lokaci da ya wuce na gwada archboot kuma lokacin da na isa sashin pacstrap yana gaya mani cewa ba zai iya samun kunshin ntfs-3g ba šŸ™

      Hakanan yana da wasu keɓaɓɓu na musamman, kamar cewa bai haɗa da mc ko shafukan hannu ba, kuma yana buʙatar rago da yawa don girkawa. Ba ze zama kamar ingantaccen bayani bane.

  6.   Max Karfe m

    Gaskiyar ita ce, akwai hanya mai sauʙi don shigar da baka a layi kuma wanda ya zama dole in yi gwajin zamani da kuskure don girka shi a kan PC ɗin gidana (inda ba ni da intanet).

    Don wannan a fili kuna buʙatar wata PC tare da baka da haɗin intanet. Kawai kawai pacman -Syu da farko sannan pacman -Sw tushe (tare da duk abin da kake son girkawa a bayyane). Kwafa duk fayilolin daga pacman cache zuwa sand ɗin USB da kuma fayilolin bayanan (/var/lib/pacman/sync/{core.db, extra.db, community.db}.

    Daga nan sai a ci gaba da yin shigar baka na al'ada, amma kafin a kai ga yin pacstrap - d / mnt base (ko ma menene, na faɗi komai daga ʙwaʙwalwar ajiya>. <) Dole ne ku gyara pacstrap daidai (tare da vi ko duk abin da kuka fi so ko kuka kawo faifan shigarwa) kuma kusan zuwa ʙarshen akwai layi wanda yake magana akan "pacman -Syy", kawai muna share shi. Bayan wannan, za mu kwafe fayilolin bayanan pacman zuwa inda suke daidai (duk fayilolin .db zuwa / var / lib / pacman / sync), da fayilolin cache zuwa kundin adireshin.

    Don haka yanzu muna ci gaba da pacstrap -loquenomeaccord / mnt tushe da komai.

    Duk abin da na fada daga ʙwaʙwalwa, don haka yana iya samun wasu bayanai dalla-dalla cewa na tafi, kamar fayilolin ɓoye ban tuna ainihin inda suka tafi ba amma ya kamata ya kasance a cikin / var / cache / pacman / pkg ko kuma idan ba za a iya bayyana shi ba pacstrap da alama a gare ni.

  7.   leonel m

    Kuna iya yin cfdisk koyawa tare da ninki biyu ko sau uku šŸ™, duk abin da nake buʙatar shigar da baka

    1.    Hugo m

      Babu ainihin abin da za a faɗi game da cfdisk saboda ba shi da rikitarwa ko kaɗan, kuma a zahiri jagorar shigarwa da aka ambata a sama tana nuna yadda ake amfani da ita. Amma idan kuna da wasu tsarin da aka girka zaku iya amfani da wani abu mai ʙayatarwa, watakila Gparted. Don Windows akwai kayan aikin kyauta (duk da cewa rashin alheri ba kyauta bane) wanda ake kira Easeus Partition Master wanda zaku iya amfani dashi, da alama yana aiki sosai.

      Ga sauran na yi farin ciki cewa kun ga labarin ya zama mai ban sha'awa, ban ga babban abin da na samu ba, amma Elav ya ʙarfafa ni in shirya wani abu game da shi.