Kwanaki kadan da suka gabata na zazzage ArchLinux ISO don yin shigar gida. Bayan da nayi amfani da wasu abubuwan rarraba wanda zai baka damar girka aĘalla Ęananan bayanai daga CD Éin, na so yin wani abu makamancin haka, amma da ban sha'awa ba a tsara tsarin shigar da Arch don kwamfutar da ba ta da damar Intanet ba (sakamakon masu haÉaka rayuwa a cikin duniyar farko).
A halin da nake ciki, na riga na sami Windows 7 (tare da boot da system system) da Fedora (tare da swap da part dinta / boot) a kan diski na. Tunanin ya kasance don sarrafa shigar Arch inda Fedora yake a baya, ba tare da lalata Windows a cikin aikin ba.
ArchLinux wajen shigar da layi ta hanyar layi
Da kyau, na fara daga CD Éin Arch, na zaÉi x86_64, kuma ba tare da Éata lokaci ba sun bar ni a na'urar wasan bidiyo. Na yi tunani, "Kai, waÉannan mutanen da gaske ne game da kasancewa ba sabon shiga distro ba ... to, bari mu yi wasa tare sannan mu ga abin da zai faru."
Na lissafa kundin adireshin inda zan ga ko akwai wasu takardu kuma na gano cewa lallai akwai rubutu tare da jagorar shigarwa ta farko. Na rubuta abin da ya dace a wata takarda (Ba ni da firintar a gida) kuma na fara aiki.
Abu na farko da nayi shine canza fasalin maballin zuwa Mutanen Espanya daga Spain, wanda ya kasance mai sauĘi fiye da yadda nake tsammani (har ma akwai abin da ake kira us-accents a hankali):
loadkeys es
Abu na gaba shine hawa kan diski na waje don adana kwafin MBR idan akwai matsala kuma ba zato ba tsammani mu sami mahimman bayanan da na samu a cikin Fedora na:
mkdir -p / mnt / tmp1 && mount / dev / sdb1 / mnt / tmp1 dd idan = / dev / sda na = / mnt / tmp1 / mbr.bin bs = 512 count = 1
Abin farin Arch's LiveCD yana tallafawa NTFS kuma yana ciki Mai tsakar dare (MC), saboda haka cikin kankanin lokaci na gama tanadin sauran bayanan.
Daga nan sai na zazzage faifan, na cire kundin adireshin na wucin gadi, kuma na cire diski na waje da jiki don rage haÉarin yiwuwar "masifu."
umount /mnt/tmp1 && rmdir /mnt/tmp1
Don haka sai na tsara bangarorin na, na sanya tushen da kuma boot boot, kuma na kunna musayar:
mkfs -t ext4 / dev / sda3 mkfs -t ext4 / dev / sda6 Mount / dev / sda6 / mnt mkdir -p / mnt / boot mount / dev / sda3 / mnt / boot swapon / dev / sda5
Mataki na gaba shine matsalata ta farko:
pacstrap /mnt base
Arch a bayyane yake ĘoĘarin neman bayanan ajiyar bayanai akan Éayan madubin, kuma baya samun komai, komai makulli did was ĘirĘirar tsarin kundin adireshi a cikin / mnt, mai tsari sosai, amma a bayyane fanko.
Ta waya, na tambayi wasu abokaina da suke amfani da Arch idan babu wata hanyar da za a girka ba tare da samun damar intanet ba a kalla ire-iren wadannan manhajojin da suke kan LiveCD, ba tare da an ajiye kogon ajiya a diski ba, kuma sun fada min cewa a kalla ba su san yadda za su yi ba.
Na sami fasahar 'kalubale' mai kayatarwa, don haka na yi tunani, 'idan Arch zai iya shiga cikin yanayin LiveCD, ya kamata ya iya girkawa zuwa rumbun kwamfutarka aĘalla wannan yanayin,' don haka na gwada ta kwafin fayilolin da hannu sauran karatun (tare da wasu Ęananan canje-canje) don ganin abin da ya faru:
rsync -avl / {bin, da sauransu, gida, lib, lib64, opt, root, sbin, srv, usr, var} / mnt arch-chroot / mnt genfstab -p / >> / etc / fstab echo hpc> / etc / sunan mai masauki ln -sf / usr / share / zoneinfo / Cuba / sauransu / lokutan gida-gida
Mataki na gaba shine matsalata ta gaba:
mkinitcpio -p linux
Wannan umarnin ya samar da wasu kurakurai, bayan karanta littafin umarnin da abun cikin fayilolin /etc/mkinitcpio.conf y /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux.preset, Na fahimci cewa umarnin bai sami fayil ba vmlinuz-Linux, don haka na danna Ctrl + D don fita daga yanayin chroot, kuma na nemi kowane fayil Éin da yayi kama da shi:
find / -type f -iname "*vmlinuz*"
Yana faruwa cewa Arch's LiveCD yana saka fayilolin taya a ĘarĘashin kundin adireshi / gudu /, don haka na yanke shawarar kwafar min su / taya / don samun su masu amfani a cikin yanayin Éabi'ata:
cp /run/archiso/bootmnt/arch/boot/=memtest,intel_ucode.img} / mnt / boot / cp / run / archiso / bootmnt / arch / boot / x86_64 / * / mnt / boot / arch-chroot / mnt
Kamar yadda wani kuskuren da na samo gwaji tare da mkinitcpio shine cewa ba'a iya samun lakabin asalin bangare ba, sai na rubuta UUID din ta (wanda na gano ta amfani da umarnin mara kyau) don amfani dashi tare da umarnin, wanda a karshe yayi kama da wannan:
mkinitcpio -p linux -k /boot/vmlinuz root=UUID=d85938aa-83b8-431c-becb-9b5735264912
A wannan lokacin ginin ya Ęare cikin nasara, kawai tare da gargaÉi guda biyu na kayan aikin da ba za a iya samu ba, amma a halin da nake ba a buĘata ba. Daidai dai, Na sake kirkirar fstab, amma wannan lokacin na tantance UUID:
genfstab -U -p / > /etc/fstab
Na yi tunani: ah da kyau, a Ęarshe ci gaba. Kuma na ci gaba da canza kalmar sirri kuma na sanya bootloader.
passwd grub-kafa -target = i386-pc -recheck / dev / sda grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
A Ęarshe kuma don zama mai dabara, sai na sake danna Ctrl + D don in fita daga yanayin da aka Éauka, na tarwatsa komai kuma na sake farawa don ganin abin da ya faru:
umount / mnt / boot umount / mnt sake yi
Kwamfutar ta sake kunnawa ta nuna menu na Grub tare da Arch (Windows bai bayyana a ko'ina ba), don haka na zaÉe shi kuma komai yana da kyau yana tafiya daidai har sai ... tsarin ya nuna cewa akwai kurakurai da ya kamata in bincika tare da umarnin mai zuwa:
journalctl -xb
Yin nazarin kurakuran, na ga cewa mafi yawan za a iya yin watsi da su, amma na Ęarshe baĘon abu ne, yana gaya min cewa ba za a iya samun plymouth ba.
Nan da nan na yi tunani, 'Plymouth ??? Me yasa heck yayi yanayin motsa jiki mai kwakwalwa don buĘatar abu kamar wannan? Wannan ba ze zama KISS da za a faÉi ba. Lallai ban sanya shi ba, kuma ba ni bukatarsa. "
Amma don zama mai amfani, na yi tunani: "To, amma aĘalla ya kamata a ambata shi a cikin wasu fayil, bari mu gani ...":
find /etc -type f -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i "plymouth"
Abin mamaki, babu wani fayil tare da rubutun rubutu "plymouth" da ya bayyana a cikin kundin adireshin sanyi. Na yi tunani to: Ā«Oh, don haka ... ka tilasta kanka tare da ni? to bari mu ga yadda za ku iya yin amfani da 'igwa' '(kamar yadda muke faÉa a Cuba), kuma āNa ginaā plymouth daga Éoye:
vi / usr / bin / plymouth chmod 755 / usr / bin / plymouth
Ga wadanda ku ke mamakin abin da na sanya a cikin wannan fayil Éin, ga abin da ke Ęunshe cikin Éaukakarsa duka:
#! / bin / sh fita
Na sake sake sa rai ina tsammanin wani kuskure kuma ... abin mamaki, systemd yayi farin ciki da ya gano cewa "muhimmin abu", saboda ya gama aikin farawa kuma ba tare da bata lokaci ba ya bar ni a cikin na'urar wasan. Tunda na kasa yarda da idanuna, sai na yanke shawarar "cire" plymouth kuma na sake yi, don ganin abin da zai faru:
rm -fr / usr / bin / plymouth sake yi
BaĘon abu, wannan lokacin tsarin ya fara cikin nutsuwa ba tare da Ęara Éata mani rai da rashi na Plymouth ba. (Ba Sharhi)
Ara Windows zuwa GRUB
Hakanan ya kasance don Ęara shigarwar Windows zuwa GRUB. Kamar yadda hanyoyin gargajiya basu yi aiki ba (haÉuwa da girk-mkconfig con os-prober ba da alama yana aiki sosai), na yanke shawarar ĘirĘirar shigarwa da hannu, wanda nake buĘatar gano zaren bootloader na Windows da UUID na Éangaren taya:
mkdir -p / mnt / winboot && mount / dev / sda1 / mnt / winboot grub-probe --target = hints_string / mnt / winboot / bootmgr grub-probe --target = fs_uuid / mnt / winboot / bootmgr
Wannan ya dawo da ni Éayan waÉannan layu biyu:
--hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 DC788F27788EFF8E
Ta wannan hanyar na tabbatar cewa UUID ya dawo daidai yake da wanda aka samo don wancan bangare lokacin aiwatar da umarnin mara kyau. Daga baya ya zama dole a samar da shigar mutuncin al'ada tare da bayanan da aka faÉi:
vi /etc/grub.d/40_custom
A cikin abubuwan da ke ciki:
#! / bin / sh exec tail -n +3 $ 0 # Wannan fayil Éin yana samar da hanya mai sauĘi don Ęara shigarwar menu na al'ada. Kawai shigar da shigarwar # menu da kuke son Ęarawa bayan wannan sharhin. Yi hankali kada a canza # layin 'exec tail' a sama. menu na "Microsoft Windows 7 SP1" - class windows --class os {insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs insmod search_fs_uuid insmod ntldr search --fs-uuid --set = tushen --hint-bios = hd0, msdos1 --hint-efi = hd0, msdos1 --hint-baremetal = ahci0, msdos1 DC788F27788EFF8E ntldr / bootmgr}
Da zarar an gama wannan matakin, sai na yanke shawarar sanya Windows a matsayin tsarin aiki na asali, don kada matata ta firgita kuma 'yar uwata zata iya taka mata Barbies idan ta zo. Don wannan kawai na gyara fayil Éin / sauransu / tsoho / gira kuma na saita shigarwar don farawa ta tsohuwa da lokacin kashewa zuwa sakan 3 kawai.
GRUB_DEFAULT = 2 GRUB_TIMEOUT = 3
Ya rage kawai don sake sabunta tsarin GRUB, kuma sake farawa:
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg sake yi
Abin farin ciki, komai ya tafi kamar yadda ake tsammani. Na zabi shigarwar Windows kuma ta fara cikin farin ciki.
Don haka kamar yadda kuke gani, idan kuna iya yin aĘalla hanyar ArchLinux ta hanyar layi ta hanyar shigowa mataki-mataki ba tare da kasancewa tare da CD Éin kawai ba, kodayake a bayyane yake, abin da za a girka a kan babban faif Éin shine ainihin LiveCD, amma aĘalla yana iya kora tsarin, kwafa fayiloli, da gudanar da wasu aikace-aikace.
Abin farin ciki, Sandy (KZKG ^ Gaara) ya tsaya ya kwafe Arch repo (wanda nake matukar godiya da shi), don haka na shirya gamawa da yin ainihin shigarwa na kan layi ba da daÉewa ba, amma wannan zai zama wani labari. Abin da zan iya tabbatar muku shi ne cewa na Éan lokaci yanzu na rasa irin wannan gwajin nishaÉin kaÉan. A hakikanin gaskiya idan ina da lokaci, haÉuwa a cikin gida da wasu sharuÉÉan kayan aiki da aka tabbatar, da alama zan yi ĘoĘari na rarraba al'ada bisa ga LFS, wanda zai zama aikin da yafi fun. š
Fata za ku ba FreeBSD Elav gwadawa.
Amma ga jagorar ku, yana da kyau Ęwarai da gaske kuma cikakke ...
Yaya mai canzawa. Ina tabbatar muku, za ku gaji da FreeBSD cikin inan watanni.
Bayanai masu ban sha'awa, duk da haka har yanzu ban ga jagororin da za a girke baka a cikin tsarin tare da UEFI ba, shin maharba suna da sabbin PC?
Shigarwa tare da UEFI a cikin ArchLinux an sauĘaĘe ta girka Antergos, kawai kuna ĘirĘirar bangare a cikin Fat32 tare da Ęasa da 500MB kuma ta atomatik (lokacin da kuka kunna USB tare da UEFI), Antergos zai yiwa alama alamar kamar / taya.
Wannan shine dalilin da yasa na canza ... Don kada in sake canzawa daga Linux zuwa BSD: D.
Canjin da aka yi da rubutaccen jagora: D.
Wayyo kuma nayi tunanin nayi aiki https://humanos.uci.cu/2014/11/instalando-arch-linux-en-gpt-con-repositorio-local/
Ci gaba da amfani da Arch, cewa idan na je Havana zan Éauka.
Ina da Arch Linux iso akan usb Éina ban taÉa yin amfani da shi ba saboda rashin lokaci.
Zan yi nazari mai kyau game da labarin sannan in yi amfani da shi!
Kyakkyawan labari, ta hanyar yana tunatar da ni game da odyssey da na shiga don shigar Arch ta hanyar WIFI tare da BCM4312.
Elav, gafara tambaya amma ni sabuwa ce ga Linux, kawai nayi amfani da ubuntu ne kuma arch Linux yana Éauke hankalina. Abokaina sun ce ba zan iya girka shi ba saboda na masana ne, amma ganin koyarwar da kuke yi a wajen layi, ina ganin bin mataki mataki zan iya yi, kalubale ne a gare ni na girka. Ni kawai nake son yi da Intanet, a can tambayata: kuna da shi ko yaushe zaku yi darasi mai cikakken bayani (kamar wannan) don girka shi?
An buga jagorar akan wannan rukunin yanar gizon. https://blog.desdelinux.net/guia-de-instalacion-de-arch-linux-2014/
š Don haka amfani da jagorar da kuma kula da abin da aka aikata zamu sami shigarwa ba tare da rikitarwa ba, sa'a!
Har yanzu kuna iya sanya Antergos, wanda shine Archlinux amma tare da shigarwar "salon Ubuntu" .. š
A cikin Arch akwai wani matsakaicin matsakaici na shigarwa zuwa hotunan hukuma waÉanda ake kira Archboot wanda, ba kamar hotunan hukuma ba, yana Ęunshe da maÉallin [ainihin] (da wani abu dabam), mai amfani don girke-girke na wajen layi (shi ma tsarin gine-gine ne, ana amfani da shi don i686 da na x86_64).
Abu mara kyau shine ya mallaki 1GB a yanzu (yana amfani da shi Ęasa da shekaru da yawa da suka gabata) hakan zai zama dole a zazzage shi gabanin ... kuma ba tare da haÉin haÉin kai ba don yin wannan saukarwar ta farko yana da rikitarwa.
Anan akwai hanyar haÉi idan har kun sami amfani: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/archboot
Abin sha'awa, ban san shi ba š
Da kyau, mai ban mamaki dan lokaci da ya wuce na gwada archboot kuma lokacin da na isa sashin pacstrap yana gaya mani cewa ba zai iya samun kunshin ntfs-3g ba š
Hakanan yana da wasu keÉaÉÉu na musamman, kamar cewa bai haÉa da mc ko shafukan hannu ba, kuma yana buĘatar rago da yawa don girkawa. Ba ze zama kamar ingantaccen bayani bane.
Gaskiyar ita ce, akwai hanya mai sauĘi don shigar da baka a layi kuma wanda ya zama dole in yi gwajin zamani da kuskure don girka shi a kan PC Éin gidana (inda ba ni da intanet).
Don wannan a fili kuna buĘatar wata PC tare da baka da haÉin intanet. Kawai kawai pacman -Syu da farko sannan pacman -Sw tushe (tare da duk abin da kake son girkawa a bayyane). Kwafa duk fayilolin daga pacman cache zuwa sand Éin USB da kuma fayilolin bayanan (/var/lib/pacman/sync/{core.db, extra.db, community.db}.
Daga nan sai a ci gaba da yin shigar baka na al'ada, amma kafin a kai ga yin pacstrap - d / mnt base (ko ma menene, na faÉi komai daga ĘwaĘwalwar ajiya>. <) Dole ne ku gyara pacstrap daidai (tare da vi ko duk abin da kuka fi so ko kuka kawo faifan shigarwa) kuma kusan zuwa Ęarshen akwai layi wanda yake magana akan "pacman -Syy", kawai muna share shi. Bayan wannan, za mu kwafe fayilolin bayanan pacman zuwa inda suke daidai (duk fayilolin .db zuwa / var / lib / pacman / sync), da fayilolin cache zuwa kundin adireshin.
Don haka yanzu muna ci gaba da pacstrap -loquenomeaccord / mnt tushe da komai.
Duk abin da na fada daga ĘwaĘwalwa, don haka yana iya samun wasu bayanai dalla-dalla cewa na tafi, kamar fayilolin Éoye ban tuna ainihin inda suka tafi ba amma ya kamata ya kasance a cikin / var / cache / pacman / pkg ko kuma idan ba za a iya bayyana shi ba pacstrap da alama a gare ni.
Kuna iya yin cfdisk koyawa tare da ninki biyu ko sau uku š, duk abin da nake buĘatar shigar da baka
Babu ainihin abin da za a faÉi game da cfdisk saboda ba shi da rikitarwa ko kaÉan, kuma a zahiri jagorar shigarwa da aka ambata a sama tana nuna yadda ake amfani da ita. Amma idan kuna da wasu tsarin da aka girka zaku iya amfani da wani abu mai Ęayatarwa, watakila Gparted. Don Windows akwai kayan aikin kyauta (duk da cewa rashin alheri ba kyauta bane) wanda ake kira Easeus Partition Master wanda zaku iya amfani dashi, da alama yana aiki sosai.
Ga sauran na yi farin ciki cewa kun ga labarin ya zama mai ban sha'awa, ban ga babban abin da na samu ba, amma Elav ya Ęarfafa ni in shirya wani abu game da shi.