Customising a RepairDisk: Hanyar zuwa LFS

Lokuta da yawa da muke da su da zamu gyara tsari daga LiveCD, kuma a wani lokaci cikin aiwatarwar mun samu kanmu da rashin kayan aiki kuma lokacin da muke son girka shi, LiveCD OS yana gaya mana cewa ya cika sarari da tafarnuwa da ruwa (don tsiyaya da riƙewa).

Wannan matsalar tazo wurina da gaske saboda shiga LFS (LinuxFromScratch), wanda jagora ne (BA rarraba kanta ba) don shigar da Linux ta al'ada. Ma'anar wannan "rarrabuwa" ita ce daga kowane LiveCD, kuma tare da kayan aikin da suka dace, zazzage lambar kernel da sauran kayan aikin don gina tsarinku (tattara abubuwa kaɗan kaɗan). Idan kuna son bin jagorar mataki-mataki, kuna buƙatar kayan aiki da compilers da yawa, kuma babu liveCD tare da komai, don haka dole ku tsara ɗaya.

Mu yi. Za mu yi amfani da Lantarki, wanda ke ba da cikakken ingantaccen yanayin al'adu.

A cikin misalinmu (girka Linux daga karce yana bin Linux Daga Scratch book) muna ɓacewa da shirye-shiryen Bison da Makeinfo, saboda haka zamu ƙirƙiri sabon hoton ISO na wannan faifan amma tare da sabbin kayan aikin.

SANARWA: Gentoo rarrabawa ne wanda yake harhadawa a wuri duk kunshin da za'a girka, saboda haka tsarin karawa da sabunta shirye-shirye a hankali yake.

Kodayake ana amfani da manajan kunshin (kamar Debian's apt-get), maimakon zazzage fakitoti, ana saukar da lambar tushe don tattara ta akan mashin din ku.

Don aiwatarwa kuna buƙatar ɓangaren Linux (ext4 misali) tare da aƙalla 1.5G kyauta, kodayake ana ba da shawarar ƙarin. Idan ba kwa son yin jingina tare da rabe-rabenku, yi amfani da injin kama-da-wane. Tabbas, yana da kyau cewa bangare yana da gigabytes da yawa tun lokacin aiwatar da harhadawa, girkawa, aiki tare da wuraren adana bayanai ... ana bukatar sarari na dan lokaci; Ina baku shawara ta amfani da musayar 8G + 2G na musanyawa (tare da 4G + 1G ya isa, amma saboda haka zamu iya tabbatar muku, idan RAM / swap ya ɓace to aikin zai kasance a hankali).

Da alama kun ƙirƙiri wani inji mai kyau tare da diski 10G, zaku fara shi ta hanyar gaya masa ya ɗaga daga sabon saukar da SystemRescueCd. Da zarar mun shiga cikin bangare tare da fdisk (idan kun fara zane-zane zaku iya yin sa da gparted, amma maƙasudin wannan post ɗin shine koyar da amfani da kayan aikin yau da kullun). fdisk umarni ne mai ma'amala:

  • tare da zabin "n" mun kirkiro sabon bangare
  • tare da zaɓi "t" mun canza nau'in tsarin fayiloli wanda zai tafi cikin bangare
  • tare da zabin «w» mun rubuta zuwa faifai
  • tare da zabin «q» mun bar ba tare da rubuta canje-canje ba

Lokacin da muke amfani da "n" zaɓi zai ba mu zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa, duk lokacin da za mu yi amfani da tsoho, sai dai lokacin da muka kafa ɓangaren ƙarshe a cikin ɓangaren farko, wanda za mu rubuta "+ 8G", don haka yana nuna wa shirin cewa muna son rabewarmu zauna 8GB.

Lokacin ƙirƙirar bangare na biyu zamuyi amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan tsoho tunda sauran wuraren zasu mamaye. Har ila yau, don gaya wa fdisk cewa bangare na biyu zai kasance na musanya iri, yi amfani da zaɓi "t" (lambar lambar swap ɗin ta lamba 82 ce). A dubawa kama da wannan:

% fdisk / dev / sda Umurnin (m don taimako):

Da zarar komai ya gama, zamu yi amfani da zaɓi "w" don rubuta canje-canje zuwa faifai da fita.
Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a tsara bangare. Zamu fara da musanya domin amfani da ita kai tsaye:

% mkswap / dev / sda2% swapon / dev / sda2

Mun riga mun tsara ɓangaren musanya, kuma tare da umarnin musayar mun fara amfani da shi. Yanzu mun tsara bangare na farko a cikin ext4:

% mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1

Zamu iya fara bin matakan da aka bayyana a ciki http://www.sysresccd.org/Sysresccd-manual-en_How_to_personalize_SystemRescueCd, Anan na fassara / bayyana su da bayanin mara kyau.

Mun hau bangare a wurinsa (LiveCD ta riga ta zo ta shirya tare da babban fayil / mnt / al'ada inda bangare wanda zamu yi canjin da ya dace dole ne a hau shi). Hakanan bayan hawa zamu sami cire fayiloli daga faifan, ana samun wannan ta hanyar rubutun da aka riga aka shirya. Rubutun zai ɗauki ɗan lokaci (tunda yana zubar da daruruwan megabytes na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya), idan kuna son bincika cewa yana aiki da gaske, je zuwa wani tashar (tare da Alt + F4 misali) kuma yi df -h.

% Dutsen / dev / sda2 / mnt / al'ada% / usr / sbin / sysresccd-al'ada tsantsa

Idan yanzu kayi tafiya a ciki / mnt / al'ada / customcd, zaku ga manyan fayiloli da yawa. A cikin / mnt / al'ada / al'ada / fayiloli an samo tushen tsarin fayil. Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a tsara sabon tsarin nan gaba. Anan zan sanya umarnin, don ƙarin bayani game da chroot da kuke gani wannan karatun da na rubuta wata daya da suka gabata

% Dutsen -o ɗaure / proc / mnt / al'ada / customcd / fayiloli / proc% Dutsen -o ɗaure / dev / mnt / al'ada / customcd / fayiloli / dev% Dutsen -o ɗaure / sys / mnt / al'ada / customcd / fayiloli / sys% chroot / mnt / al'ada / customcd / fayiloli / bin / bash # gcc-config $ (gcc-config -c)

Mun riga mun kasance cikin tsarin chrooted, wanda zai zama tsarin LiveCD da zarar mun taya shi. Za mu shigar da fakitin da suka ɓace (bison da texinfo) ta amfani da umarnin fito (wanda ke kula da kunshin kaya daga Gentoo).

Da farko zamu daidaita bishiyar kayan kwalliya (kwatankwacin dace-samun update)
# emerge-webrsync SAURARA: muna amfani da wannan umarnin maimakon "emerge –sync" saboda yafi sauri, tunda yana saukar da kayan kwalta daga yanar gizo. Wannan matakin ya zama dole, domin idan baku fito ba zai fito kai tsaye –sync, rage shi.

Bayan aiki tare da bishiyar kayan kwalliya zamu ci gaba shigar da fakiti:

# fito sys-devel / bison # fito da sys-devel / texinfo
bison zai ɗauki ɗan lokaci don tattarawa, yi haƙuri

Mun bar chroot:# exit

Mun zazzage "/ proc" don sabon kayan da aka sanya ya kasance a cikin squashfs. Mun kuma sauke "/ dev" da "/ sys" don kar mu manta daga baya
% umount /mnt/custom/customcd/files/proc
% umount /mnt/custom/customcd/files/dev
% umount /mnt/custom/customcd/files/sys

Kamar yadda muka riga muka shirya sabon tsarin fayil ɗin squash, muna ƙirƙirar shi tare da umarni mai zuwa
% /usr/sbin/sysresccd-custom squashfs
Idan muna son ƙara fayil a cikin hoton ISO amma muna son ya kasance a waje da squashfs, dole ne mu sanya shi a cikin babban fayil ɗin «/ mnt / custom / customcd / isoroot»

% cp -a my-files /mnt/custom/customcd/isoroot

A wannan lokacin, jagorar hukuma yana gaya muku cewa zaku iya saita maɓallin maɓalli don farawa tare da maɓallin keɓaɓɓen tsoho (misali "es" don madannin Spain). Amma yin gwaje-gwaje da yawa, rubutun da suke amfani da ni a gare ni bai yi aiki ba kuma ya haifar da kuskure yayin ɗora kernel, don haka zan tsallake wannan matakin.

Lokacin daukaka ya isa, yanzu zamu iya samar da sabon hoton ISO tare da tsarinmu na musamman!
% /usr/sbin/sysresccd-custom isogen my_srcd
"My_srcd" shine sunan da muke ba juz'i, zaka iya kiran shi duk abinda kake so. An adana hoton a cikin «/ mnt / custom / customcd / isofile», ban da haka an samar da fayil .md5 🙂

Idan kuna aiki akan faifan kama-da-wane, muhimmin matakin ya rage: cire hoton ISO na tsarin kama-da-wane. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa da za a yi, zan yi bayani mai sauki (a cikin VirtualBox) don guje wa shigar da "ƙarin baƙi" ko wani abu makamancin haka.
Zamuyi amfani da abokin harkan mu sami fayil din ta hanyar ramin ssh. Don yin wannan, dole ne mu fara daidaita tsarin baƙi tare da tushen kalmar sirri. Ssh uwar garken yana farawa ta atomatik, har yanzu muna sake farawa don kawai.
% passwd
% /etc/init.d/sshd restart

Dole ne mu saita jigilar tashar jiragen ruwa na na'ura mai kama da na'ura. A cikin VirtualBox an yi shi kamar haka:

  1. Kuna samun dama ga daidaitawar inji ta kama-da-wane
  2. A ɓangaren hanyar sadarwa kun riga kun saita adaftan a cikin NAT
  3. Nemi zaɓi tashar tura tashar jiragen ruwa
  4. Addara sabuwar doka, tare da sigogi kawai "mai karɓar tashar jiragen ruwa" da "tashar saukar baki"
  5. mai gida = 3022 da bako = 22

Tare da wannan mun sami nasarar wannan tashar tashar 3022 na PC ɗin mu itace 22 na na'ura mai kama da kama. Mun fara abokin ciniki na Filezilla:

  1. A cikin saitin sabar mun rubuta: sftp: // localhost
  2. A cikin sashin amfani da sunan mai amfani mun rubuta: tushe
  3. A cikin ma'aunin kalmar wucewa mun sanya wanda muke amfani dashi a cikin «passwd»
  4. A cikin ma'aunin tashar jiragen ruwa mun rubuta: 3022
  5. Latsa «Haɗin kai da sauri»

Idan komai ya tafi daidai zuwa hagu zamu iya kewaya akan PC din mu zuwa dama a cikin na'ura mai kama da na'ura. Kawai isa ga (a cikin injin kama-da-wane) babban fayil ɗin "/ mnt / al'ada / customcd / isofile" kuma ja hoton ISO zuwa wurin da muke so akan PC ɗinmu.

!! Barka da Sallah !! Idan komai ya tafi daidai, kuna da hoton ku na ISO tareda keɓaɓɓen SystemRescueCD kuma kuna shirin kora daga CD, USB ...


3 comments, bar naka

Bar tsokaci

Your email address ba za a buga. Bukata filayen suna alama da *

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  1. Wanda ke da alhakin bayanan: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Manufar bayanan: Sarrafa SPAM, sarrafa sharhi.
  3. Halacci: Yarda da yarda
  4. Sadarwar bayanan: Ba za a sanar da wasu bayanan ga wasu kamfanoni ba sai ta hanyar wajibcin doka.
  5. Ajiye bayanai: Bayanin yanar gizo wanda Occentus Networks (EU) suka dauki nauyi
  6. Hakkoki: A kowane lokaci zaka iyakance, dawo da share bayanan ka.

  1.   Leo m

    Me kyau jagora, da ɗan rikitarwa amma yana da amfani sosai.
    Kyakkyawan taimako.

  2.   Dan Kasan_Ivan m

    Sannan da ɗan ƙarin lokaci, kuma ba tare da yawan jin daɗi a idanun ba, zan karanta shi sosai. Da alama yana da matukar amfani da ban sha'awa.

  3.   Carlos sanchez m

    Sannu woqer, kyakkyawan matsayi!

    Na kasance tare da LFS na wasu shekaru kuma na kirkiro kaina wanda zai iya yi muku hidima, yana da duk abin da kuke buƙata don tattara shi tunda LFS ne. 😀 Ina fatan yana da amfani a gare ku

    http://vegnux.org.ve/files/isos/neonatox-06.2rc6.linux-i686-xfce4.iso