Umurnin dd (Dataset Definition) umarni ne mai sauƙi, mai amfani, kuma abin mamaki mai sauƙin amfani da kayan aiki; Tare da wannan kayan aikin zaka iya yin hakan, akan na'urori: diski da bangare, kamar shirye-shiryen kasuwanci kamar Norton Ghost, akan Windows ko shirye-shirye kyauta kamar CloneZilla, akan Linux, tare da ɗan gajeren layin umarni.
Basic Syntax:
Mafi mahimman tsari don amfani da umarnin dd zai zama wannan:
sudo dd if=origen of=destino
Ina idan yana nufin "fayil din shigarwa = fayil din shigarwa“, Wato, abin da kuke son kwafa da na nufin "fayil mai fitarwa = fayil ɗin fitarwa“, Wato, fayil din da aka nufa (inda za a kwafe bayanan);asali da Makomar na iya zama na'urori (CD ko DVD karatu, Hard disk, floppy disk, pendrive, partition, da sauransu), fayil ɗin ajiya ko hoton diski, da sauransu, amma ba manyan fayiloli ko manyan fayiloli mataimaka ba.
Don yin amfani da wannan umarnin cikin nutsuwa, abu na farko koyaushe shine a bayyane game da me ake kira rabe-raben / rumbun kwamfutoci a cikin Linux (/ dev / sda1 misali; / dev ya samo asali ne daga na'urar = na'ura, a Turanci). don sanin tushe da makoma faifai / bangare, wani abu da zamu iya samun sauƙin ganowa tare da umarnin sudo fdisk -lo tare da wasu shirye-shiryen ɓangaren zane-zane kamar gparted. Duk bayanin game da umarnin dd ana iya yin shawarwari tare da umarnin man dd da info dd,
Ya kamata a yi amfani da wannan umarnin cikin taka tsantsan, kuma a koyaushe a binciki tsari da sunan diski / bangare, domin kamar yadda aka yi wa diski dishi, hakanan zai share shi ba da jimawa ba.
Haɓakawa tare da umarnin pv: Yin amfani da umarnin dd tare da haɗin ginin da ya gabata yana da ɗan ragi, tunda umarni ne da aka tanada sosai - ba ya ba da bayani - saboda lokacin da aka zartar da shi, maɓallin keɓewa ya kasance mara motsi, don haka ba mu sani shine abin da ke faruwa da kuma sauran lokacin da ya rage don gama aiwatarwa. Ana iya warware wannan ƙaramar matsalar ta ƙara umarnin pv, (*) - wanda ke aiki azaman bututun ƙarewa wanda ke auna bayanan da ke ratsawarsa - zuwa haɗin haɗar umarnin dd, don haka yanzu haɗin ginin zai kasance:
dd if=origen |pv|dd of=destino
A sakamakon haka, zamu sami wani nau'in ci gaba na ci gaba a cikin tashar, bayanin kan baiti da aka canja, lokacin da yake gudana da kuma yawan canjin wuri, duk a ainihin lokacin.
(alf) - (~) └──┤ dd idan = / devmmcblk0p1 | pv | dd na = / dev / mmcblk0p2 1,630GB 0:21:30 [1,12MB / s] [
Kari akan haka, idan aka gama, yana nuna mana alkaluman kudi na canja wuri, da adadin adadin da aka sauya da kuma jimillar lokacin da aka dauka don canja wurin dukkan bayanan.
(alf) - (~) d dd if = / devmmcblk0p1 | pv | dd na = / dev / mmcblk0p2 10530816 + 0 bayanan da aka karanta <=> 10530816 + 0 rubutattun 5391777792 bytes (5.4 GB) kwafa, 3873,48 s, 1,4 MB / s 5,02GB 1:04:33 [1,33MB / s] [<=> 10530816 + 0 rikodin karanta <=> 10530816 + 0 rubutattun rubuce 5391777792 bytes (5.4GB) kwafa, 3873,48, 1,4 s, XNUMX MB / s (alf) - (~) └──┤
(*) Bincika kafin aiwatar da kowane layin umarni tare da wannan rubutun na biyu, cewa muna da kunshin pv da aka sanya akan tsarin, ko shigar da shi idan ba mu da shi: duka tare da Synaptic.
Bari mu ga wasu misalai masu amfani da zaɓuɓɓuka na wannan umarnin (a cikin sigar sa tare da dabarar da aka bayyana a sama tare da umarnin pv):
A) Game da rumbun kwamfutoci da bangare:
= Clone rumbun kwamfutarka:
Tare da wannan zamu sanya hda disk a hdb. (IDE disks):
sudo dd if=/dev/hda |pv|dd of=/dev/hdb bs=1M
Da wannan zamu dunƙule faifan sda a cikin sdb. (SATA fayafai):
sudo dd if=/dev/sda |pv|dd of=/dev/sdb bs=1M
Tare da zabin bs = 1M, an samu nasarar cewa duka karatu da rubutu ana yin su ne a cikin megabyte tubalan guda 1, (kasa, zai zama a hankali amma yafi amintacce, kuma tare da karin hadarin rasa bayanai a hanya).
Ka tuna cewa ta wannan hanyar ne ake rikodin faifan "kamar yadda yake", MBR, teburin bangare, fanko mara amfani, da sauransu ..., don haka kawai zaka iya yin rikodin a kan faifai ɗaya ko girmansa.
= Rubuta kawai farkon sashi (hda1) na asalin diski zuwa faifan makoma (hdb):
sudo dd if=/dev/hda1 |pv|dd of=/dev/hdb bs=1M
= Burnone dukkan faifan (hda) zuwa bangare na farko (hdb1) na faifan makoma:
sudo dd if=/dev/hda |pv|dd of=/dev/hdb1 bs=1M
= Createirƙiri hoto - na iya zama bin ko iso - daga rumbun diski (hda), a cikin adireshin gida /:
sudo dd if=/dev/hda |pv|dd of=/home/hda.bin
= Ka goge bayanan gaba daya akan diski: don yin wannan, cika diski da bazuwar rubutu, sau biyar. Ba za a sami alamun bayanai a kan faifai ba:
for n in {1..5}; do dd if=/dev/urandom |pv|dd of=/dev/hda bs=8b conv=notrunc;
= Goge kowane bangare da dukkan faifai daga kowace na'ura:
sudo dd if=/dev/zero |pv|dd of=/dev/sdx (Cire cikakken faifai)
sudo dd if=/dev/zero |pv|dd of=/dev/sdxa (Disk bangare shafe)
inda: x shine faifan don sharewa, a shine bangare don sharewa
Wannan aikin yana da matukar amfani don kawar da duk wani bangare, bugu da kari bayanan da za'a goge ba za'a iya gano su ba, saboda haka kasa mai kyau ne kuma mai matukar hadari, yana da matukar amfani misali lokacin da masu cutar suka kamu da kwayar cuta ta tagogin mu masu kauna. .
B) Akan CD / DVD
= Createirƙiri / Dutsen hoto .iso daga CD (ko DVD)
Don ƙirƙirar .iso hoton CD a cikin adireshin / gida:
sudo dd if=/dev/cdrom |pv|dd of=/home/imagendeCD.iso
Don hawa hoton .iso daga CD:
sudo mount -o loop imagedeCD.iso /mnt/home
= Maido da daskararren DVD (Wannan baya dawo da DVD duka, a wannan yanayin kawai bangarorin da ake iya karantawa). Hakanan ya dace da ƙananan rumbun kwamfutar:
sudo dd if=/dev/cdrom |pv|dd of=/home/dvd_recuperado.iso conv=noerror,sync
Ana amfani da zaɓin noerror don kauce wa kurakuran karatu a kowane yanayi.
C) Game da MBR da VBS:
= Kwafi / Sake dawo da Jagorar Boot Record (MBR):
Don kwafin MBR:
sudo dd if=/dev/hda |pv|dd of=mbr count=1 bs=512
Don dawo da MBR:
sudo dd if=mbr |pv|dd of=/dev/hda
= Tsabtace MBR da teburin bangare:
sudo dd if=/dev/zero |pv|dd of=/dev/hda bs=512 count=1
= Tsaftace MBR amma kar a taɓa teburin bangare, (yana da matukar amfani don shafe GRUB ba tare da rasa bayanai a cikin ɓangarorin ba):
sudo dd if=/dev/zero |pv|dd of=/dev/hda bs=446 count=1
= Kwafi / Sake dawo da Sashin Boara Maɓallin (VBS):
Don kwafe VBS:
sudo dd if=/dev/hda |pv|dd of=/home/sector_arranque_hda count=1 bs=512
Don dawo da VBS:
sudo dd if=/home/sector_arranque_hda |pv|dd of=/dev/hda
D) Wasu:
= Burnona hoton faifai zuwa kundin adireshinmu / gida, tsallake kurakuran faifai (yana da amfani sosai ga diski waɗanda ke mutuwa):
sudo dd conv=noerror if=/dev/hda |pv|dd of=~/home/imagen_disco_con_errores.iso
= Createirƙiri fayil ɗin 1 Mb mara komai:
sudo dd if=/dev/zero |pv|dd of=archivo_nuevo_vacio bs=1024 count=1024
= Createirƙiri fayil ɗin musanya 2Gb:
sudo dd if=/dev/zero |pv|dd of=/swapspace bs=4k count=2048M
mkswap /swapspace
swapon /swapspace
= Maida dukkan haruffa zuwa babban:
sudo dd if=miarchivo |pv|dd of=miarchivo conv=ucase
Yi amfani da umarnin dd tare da shirin yanayi mai zane: Gdiskdump, yanayi ne na zane don wannan umarnin dd wanda ke sauƙaƙa aikin clone partitions ko fayafai, cikin sauri da sauƙi. Ana iya sauke shi daga shafin https://launchpad.net/gdiskdump/ Da zarar mun bude shi, tare da tushen izini - sudo gdiskdump -, sai mu ga cewa shirin yana da sauqi a yi amfani da shi, tunda kawai sai mu fada masa bangaran ko faifai don sanya shi (Input Format) da kuma inda yake (Output Format).
Na kusan zama mai ciwon sukari tare da rashin amfani da umarnin dd.
Af, menene bambanci da dd_rescue?
ddrescue ta tsohuwa baya tsayawa kan kurakuran karatu kuma yana ƙoƙari ta hanyoyi da yawa don dawo da bayanan da ba za a iya karantawa ba.
hahahha Nima nayi amfani da umarnin dd sosai, ya fi karfin yadda nake tsammani.
Na yi sharhi cewa na yi imani cewa kowane mai amfani da baka a wani lokaci ana amfani dashi
@ sieg84, bambancin shine dd ya katse tare da wasu karatuttuka ko kuskuren na'urar, a wannan yanayin wannan ba zai faru ba tunda barnar da aka lalata zata karanta shi wani adadi na wasu lokuta kuma yaci gaba da na gaba, hakanan yana samar da fa'idar Za mu iya aiwatar da shi sau da yawa a kan hoto ɗaya kuma ba zai fara daga farawa ba amma zai yi ƙoƙarin kammala shi.
Ya cancanci ambata cewa dd_rescue Ban taɓa amfani dashi ba.
Idan akwai wani GUI da aka yi a qt don KDE wanda ke amfani da wannan umarnin? ko kuwa sai na hakura.?
Gdiskdump ya fi GUI ga wannan umarnin (yana dogara da shi) kuma kodayake ban sani ba ko sun aikata shi a cikin qt (ina tsammanin ba) tabbas tabbas yana muku aiki a cikin KDE
godiya ga bayani.
Na yi amfani da dd_rescue ne kawai don kwafa ISO zuwa USB (galibi saboda a cikin budeSUSE wiki suna da shi).
dd_rescue tu.iso / dev / sdX
abin da nake so shine yana nuna sandar ci gaba:
http://box.jisko.net/i/110db781.png
Alfa:
Kwanan nan na ga wannan sakon da aka buga akan Blog ɗin Hatteras. Wataƙila bai ɗauki wannan da mummunan ba amma ban sani ba, aƙalla a matsayin ladabi zai yi kyau a koma gare shi. Don haka shima ya ci nasara a matsayin gidan yanar gizo.
Ba na son ƙirƙirar matsala tare da wannan, amma da farko kallon labarin yana da alama daidai da 95% banda na hotunan kariyar ƙasa da kuka daidaita. Har ma ya ambaci tushensa.
Abin sha'awa Na yarda da cewa | pv | bai san shi ba.
Krel Ina tsammanin tushen yana cikin ubuntu wiki ko gaisuwa mai girma.
@krel, abin Linux shine wannan:
A duk cikin tafiyata a wannan duniyar na karanta kuma na tattara abubuwa, Ina da littafin rubutu tare da rubutu sama da 400 da na sanya a Ubuntu Mexico, wanda shine yankin da na ba da gudummawa mafi yawa a farkon kwanakin na, abin takaici abubuwa na iya maimaitawa, idan kun sake duba babban adreshin da aka saka akan net, kusan suna cikin tsari ɗaya, abin shine mafi yawa sun fi guntu.
Zan iya sake buga wasu sakonni 5 a cikin mako kuma kuna iya samun wasu kama ko iri ɗaya, dalili? Ubuntu yana da mafi yawan dandalin tattaunawa / shafukan yanar gizo.
Ba ta yadda zan yi tsammani za a samu matsala ba, kuma, idan masu gudanarwa suka yi tunanin share shi, ba zai cutar da ni ba ko ya dame ni kwata-kwata, ina bin dokoki da abin da ke biye, a cikin bayanan na 8 cewa ba ni da su cikin tsari) Ina neman in kara wani abu dan gujewa haduwa da juna.
gaisuwa
Ba boyayye bane ga kowa cewa aƙalla kawai kashi 10% na abubuwan da aka samar akan yanar gizo sabo ne. Da shi ne aka maimaita sauran 90 ɗin, aka sabunta su ko aka cece su, kuma ban ce wannan ba shi da mahimmanci, akasin haka, wani nau'i ne na yaɗa ilimin.
Koyaya, inda na tsaya wani abu ne daban. Lokacin da kake da shafin yanar gizo na wannan nau'in akwai ƙwarin gwiwa na mutum don taimakawa kuma wataƙila ma karɓar yabo game da shi. A lokaci guda na tabbata cewa mafi yawan waɗanda suka rubuta abun ciki game da Free Software sun yarda da ra'ayin raba. Koyaya, kar mu manta cewa hatta lasisi masu daraja kamar BSD suna neman fitarwa.
Hakanan, nassoshi hanya ce wacce wasu injunan bincike kamar google suke inganta matsayin gidan yanar gizo. Ina kawai cewa, tun da aka yi amfani da kayan azaman ƙaramar godiya, zan koma ga wannan aikin.
Ina tsammanin yana da kyau ku raba, amma me kuke rasa ta hanyar yin tunani? Ka yi tunanin idan daga wani shafin yanar gizon da ke da matsayi mafi kyau fiye da wannan za a kwafi abubuwan da ke cikin wannan. desdelinux Ba tare da ambaton shi ba, a ƙarshe za su binne wannan blog ɗin.
Hatteras ya buga shi kwanaki 10 da suka gabata kuma sai dai idan ya cireshi daga littafin rubutu ko kuma kai ne Luis Puente, ba zan iya fahimtar abin da kake fada ba, kusan cewa komai ya zama rubutu. Da wuya amma ba zai yiwu ba.
Amma babu komai, cewa irin wannan yana faruwa. Kuma ban sani ba, don ɗabi'ar mutum da haɗin kai tare da wani abokin aiki zan waiwaye shi. Wannan ya rage naku, ban tsammanin Hatteras yana ɗaukar wannan ba daidai ba ko dai, akasin haka.
Gaskiya ne, kwafin gaskiya ne na wannan post: http://hatteras.wordpress.com/2013/01/18/algunos-usos-practicos-del-comando-dd/
Hmm… Nayi dd idan = file.iso na = / media / hard disk… bisa kuskure 😛
kowace hanya ce zata dawo da fayiloli daga rumbun kwamfutarka ???
Zaka iya amfani da Testdisk
Wani abokina ya same ni wataƙila tare da takaddama ko kuma tare da keɓaɓɓiyar hanyar ɓarna don adana bayanai. Shawarata na yin ajiyar ajiya a lokaci na gaba tunda amfani da wannan umarnin wani abu ne mai matukar wahala a cikin kwanakin dana fara tsara duk rumbun kwamfutar ba tare da so ba kuma yanzu za'a sake yin shi sosai …… Ba lallai ba ne a faɗi, ba ma farauta ba.
Shin wani zai iya gaya mani irin umarnin da zan yi amfani da shi don ganin ci gaban kwafin tare da umarnin dd, abin da nake nufi shi ne ganin sandar ci gaba tare da% ɗin da aka kwafa.
slds
Aboki! ƙara umarnin pv. A cikin wannan rubutun ya faɗi kusan kusan farko kuma ya bayyana yadda ake amfani da shi. Karanta shi kuma
ta amfani da wannan umarnin:
dd idan = / dev / sdc | bzip2> /media/Elements/iso.gz
Na yi nasarar yin hoton iso na diski 16Gb kuma na adana shi zuwa faifin 400Gb.
Amma ban san menene umarnin zai kasance ba don dawo da hoton zuwa ainihin faifan 16GB ko zuwa wani mai irin wannan damar
tambaya
yi amfani da wannan umarnin zuwa
don n cikin {1..5}; yi dd idan = / dev / urandom | pv | dd na = / dev / hda bs = 8b conv = notrunc;
don faifai 2TB
to, zan zauna a cikin na'ura mai kwakwalwa irin wannan
>
Shin ya kamata in sake yin wani umarni ko tsawon lokacin da aikin zai iya ɗauka?
godiya kuma ci gaba
Akwai rubutu a cikin 'ɓacewa a ƙarshen layin «; yi »zauna« don n a cikin {1..5}; yi dd idan = / dev / urandom | pv | dd na = / dev / hda bs = 8b conv = notrunc; yi »
Labari mai kyau… ..Zan sanya shi a aikace… gaisuwa aboki
Yana da amfani sosai, ya taimaka min sosai godiya
Kyakkyawan Alf. Godiya ga bayanin.
Tambaya. Shin akwai hanyar da za a kwafa wani ɓangare kawai na asalin faifai? Shari'ar ita ce, idan ina da diski na 120Gb wanda 25Gb kawai ake amfani da shi kuma ina son yin kwafin zuwa 40Gb faifai, kawai ina sha'awar yin kwafin sararin da aka yi amfani da shi (25Gb), shin akwai wata hanya da wannan umarnin ?
Godiya a gaba.
Zai fi muku kyau kuyi amfani da rsync, tare da umarnin rsync -av / hanya / zuwa / asali / tafarki / zuwa / makoma da tuni kun goyi bayan duk izinin ku tare da izinin da suka dace.
Ina nufin: "duk fayilolinku tare da izininsu daidai"
Masoyi, ko akwai wanda ya san dalilin da ya sa a lokacin da yake amfani da umarnin dd, ya kai 4.2GB kawai kuma ya nuna cewa fayil ɗin yana da girma sosai? Hoton disk 250GB ne kuma yana zuwa diski na waje na 1TB.
sudo dd idan = / dev / sda | pv | dd na = / gida / fox / backup.iso
Kuskuren 4Gb yana baku shi saboda kuna ƙoƙarin yin ajiyar waje a wani bangare tare da fs FAT16
Me kyau blog. Amfani sosai. Na riga na ga amfanin wannan umarnin a wani wuri, amma ba su bayyana komai ba. Na gode.
Barka dai, ina da injin allura wanda shirin ya ɓace tun lokacin da suka maye gurbin bios stack, ba mu da madadin amma muna da wata na'ura iri ɗaya, kawai tana da floppy da serial da layi ɗaya, ta yaya zan iya yin madadin wannan injin don ɗora shi a ɗayan, Ina fatan za ku iya taimaka mini na gode
Ina so in kwafa bangare ba tare da fara daga CD na CD ba. Misali Ina da faifai tare da / dev / sda1, / dev / sda5, / dev / sda6 kuma ina so in yi kwafi zuwa / dev / sda5 daga wata diski / dev / sdb1
umarnin shine dd idan = / dev / sdb1 na = / dev / sda5 bs = 1M ????
Barka dai yaya kake. Ni kuma ina zaune a Guadalajara.
Labarin ku akan umarnin DD yana da ban sha'awa sosai. Ina so in gwada wasu abubuwan rarraba Linux, musamman Archlinux, amma ban sami damar amfani da umarnin DD ba kuma in kwafi Archilinux ISO din da na riga na zazzage, akan sandar USB. Ban sani ba idan za ku iya wuce ni kaska don farawa da wannan. Na gode, Pedro lobato
Saboda lokacin da aka yi rikodin iso tare da umarnin "dd" yana aiki ne kawai don kunnawa akan wasu kwamfutoci?
Exp. Ina da kwamfyutocin tafi-da-gidanka guda 2 kuma babu ɗayansu da ke ɗora Kwatancen rarraba kowane kayan layin kwamfuta; amma akasin haka, yana farawa akan tsohuwar kwamfutar tebur tare da diski mara aiki
Mafi kyawu shine a kunna shi lafiya ta amfani da unetbootin, tare da dd An kuma bar ni da tambayar me yasa wani lokacin baya aiki.
Ba na tsammanin ya dogara da DD amma akan ISO. Abu ɗaya tare da Unetbootin, baya aiki da kyau tare da duk rarraba.
Wasu lokuta yana aiki akan dukkan kwamfutoci amma dole ne ka ƙara mbr da syslinux zuwa kebul ɗin zuwa aikin; amma wannan doguwa ce kuma mai wahala.
Abu mai sauƙi game da sake buɗewa
Yi hankali: ba iso ko dd bane a wurina, ta hanya kuke rikodin ta.
Ina da shakku idan na yi amfani da wannan umarnin:
sudo dd idan = / dev / sifili na = / dev / diskdrive
Madadin wannan, tsarin ƙananan matakin iri ɗaya ne ko yana ɗaukar lokaci fiye da wannan:
sudo dd idan = / dev / sifili na = / dev / diskdrive bs = 1M ..
Shin ana iya amfani da umarnin dd don share takamaiman fayil?
misali
dd idan = / dev / urandom na = / gida / myfile share
tare da bs = 1M ya zama da sauri
Kuma idan zan yi cikakken kwafi daga wannan faifan zuwa wani, tare da dukkan bangarorinsa (swap, sda ...) kuma duka diski iri ɗaya ne, amma ɗayan yana kan PC ɗayan kuma akan NAS akan hanyar sadarwar? ???
gracias
Sharhi, Ina amfani da shi tare da matsayi = ci gaba a ƙarshe kuma bana buƙatar pv, don haka debian tayi aiki sosai don in ga ci gaban.
Na biyu kuma, shin akwai wata hanyar da za'a samu data kawai kuma ba dukkan naúrar ba, tunda idan diski ne na 2TB kuma 100 GB kawai nake amfani dashi, ina buƙatar duk wannan sararin. Shin akwai hanyar da za a iya ajiye wannan 100GB kawai? Kuma lokacin da na ba da shi zuwa wani matsakaici na iya zama ƙaramin faifai watakila 500?
Taimako !!!
Yi umarni
dd idan = cbpp-9.0-amd64-20170621.iso na = / dev / sdb
duk yayi kyau ... amma yanzu ina so inyi amfani da usb a matsayin naúrar ajiya da ...
Ba a saka USB ɗin ba, ba ma ya bayyana a cikin GParted.
Shin wani ya san abin da zan iya yi.
PS: wanene zai kasance mafi kyawun shirin don dawo da bayanai daga fayafai da CD DVD….
dole ne ku sake gwada gwaji tare da fdisk