Tukwici: Ka raba kundin adireshi tsakanin masu amfani da yawa a cikin Linux

Terminal

A yau na dawo tare da wani karin bayani wanda, da kaina, ina amfani da yawa: sami damar samun kundin adireshi na rabawa tsakanin masu amfani da yawa akan Linux. Na sanya su a cikin wani yanayi, tare da matata a gida dukkanmu muna amfani da PC ɗaya tare Arch Linux amma kowanne da mai amfani da shi. Don haka, mun lura da matsalar waɗancan manyan fayiloli waɗanda muke raba su kamar kiɗa ko hotuna, tun da kowannensu yana da nasa fayiloli, abubuwa iri-iri.

A lokacin ne muka yi tunani yi fayil ɗin da aka raba, amma akwai matsalar izinin izini. Idan folda tawa ce bata gani, idan file na kirkira ni, bata share shi da sauransu. A farko, facin shi ne cewa mun ba da izini 777 ga waɗannan fayilolin duk lokacin da muka shirya wani abu don ɗayan ya sami damar har sai mun sami mafita, Izinin rukuni!

Menene izinin izini na rukuni?

Wannan shine mafi kyau, sanya wannan kundin adireshi da duk abubuwan da ke ciki ƙungiya ta musamman tare da izinin izinin karatu da rubutu, wanda duk membobin kungiyar zasu sami damar zuwa wannan kundin adireshi. Wannan sannan yana ba da damar hakan ta hanyar ƙara masu amfani da mu kawai a cikin rukunin da za mu iya amfani da su a cikin wannan kundin adireshin.

Kuma ta yaya zan saita shi?

Wannan shine mafi kyawun sashi kuma na ci gaba da gaya muku yadda nayi da matata. Abu na farko shine ƙirƙirar wannan kundin adireshin, wanda misali zan kira «rabawa".

sudo mkdir /home/compartido

Na ƙirƙira shi a ciki / gida da kuma wajen asusun mu, don gujewa cewa manyan kundin adireshi suna damuwa da izinin kansu. Yanzu dole ne mu ƙirƙiri rukuni, wanda za mu sanya «raba»

sudo groupadd compartidos

Kuma mun sanya wannan rukunin ga kundin adireshin da muka kirkira a baya kuma kuma muna canza izini, saboda duk abin da muka ƙirƙira a ciki, ko dai kundayen adireshi ko fayiloli, suma suna cikin wannan rukunin.

sudo chgrp -R compartidos /home/compartido
sudo chmod g+s dirname

Hakanan, dole ne mu ƙara masu amfani da mu a ciki. Don haka dole ne mu maimaita wannan umarnin ga kowane ɗayan:

sudo usermod -G compartido sebastian
sudo usermod -G compartido mimujer

Zuwa yanzu, muna da kundin adireshi «/ gida / rabawa»Wanne ne na ƙungiyar«raba«, Tare da abin da duk membobi masu amfani iri ɗaya za su iya samun dama da duk abin da aka ƙirƙira a cikin kundin adireshin, za su kasance cikin rukuni tare da abin da ɗayanmu zai iya ganinsu.

Yanzu kawai muna buƙatar mataki na ƙarshe, wanda yana iya zama zaɓi, amma shine don canza umask na masu amfani, don tabbatar da cewa kowane sabon fayil ɗin da muka kirkira ana iya sauya shi ta sauran membobin ƙungiyar. Wannan yana shafar duk mai amfani, ba kawai kundin adireshi ba, don haka dole ne su ga idan yayi musu aiki ko a'a. A halin da nake ciki, kamar yadda ni da matata ne kawai muke amfani da tsarin, hakan bai dame mu ba kuma mun sanya kanmu nauyin 002, wanda ke nufin cewa kowane fayil da aka kirkira yana farawa da izini 775.

Gyara umask

Don shirya aikin umask, a cikin kowane mai amfani dole ne ku gyara .profile ko .bashrc fayil ɗin da ke cikin gidan mai amfani kuma ku gyara darajar umask ta lambar da ake so. Idan zaɓi ba ya nan, dole ne mu ƙara shi.

Hakanan zaka iya shirya fayil ɗin furofayil da sauransu don haka canjin zai shafi duk masu amfani

Don haka, a cikin na'ura mai kwakwalwa mun sanya:

sebastian@multivacs ~> vim .profile

Kuma zamu ga wani abu kamar haka:

bayanin martaba-2

Don haka, zamu je layin da ke cewa umask, mun latsa wasiƙar i don iya gyara kuma mun cire # don cire tsokaci. Muna canza lambar zuwa 002. Idan layin bai bayyana ba, dole ne su ƙara shi.

Da zarar mun gama, za mu danna maɓallin Esc don fita yanayin gyara sannan mu rubuta :+q+w. Abin da ke sa mu adana canje-canje kuma mu fita daga Vi.

Zai yi kama da wannan hoton:

vi-bayanin martaba

Kuma hakane! Idan sun rufe zaman mai amfani da su kuma suka sake buɗe shi, za a ɗauki canje-canjen, don haka kundin adireshin da aka raba zai yi aiki.


28 comments, bar naka

Bar tsokaci

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  1. Wanda ke da alhakin bayanan: Miguel Ángel Gatón
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  6. Hakkoki: A kowane lokaci zaka iyakance, dawo da share bayanan ka.

  1.   kari m

    Babban tip.

  2.   KZKG ^ Gaara m

    Janar.

    Wasu shekarun da suka gabata na ga bukatar yin wannan da kaina, abin da ban sani ba shi ne umask ... Maimakon haka na sanya aiki a cikin crontab 🙂

    Godiya ga tip

    1.    tansarkarin m

      Haka ne, crontab ma yana da kyau. Me kuka sanya, don sanya izini 775 ga abun ciki?

  3.   asali m

    Babban tip .. ..ya sami ceto idan ya zama dole;) ..

  4.   Luis m

    Yayi, ka ƙirƙiri babban fayil / gida / rabawa kuma ka sanya ƙungiyar "an raba" gare ta amma

    Wane mai amfani ne wannan fayil ɗin yake? Wato waye mai shi? Ni, dayan, ko kuma tushen mai amfani wanda aka hana asusun sa tunda nayi amfani da sudo?

    A gefe guda, na sami matsala mai zuwa: Fayil ɗin da na ƙirƙira ba za a iya share su da ɗayan ba kuma fayilolin da mutum ya ƙirƙira ba zan iya share su ba.

    Me nayi kuskure?

    1.    tansarkarin m

      Lokacin ƙirƙirar babban fayil tare da sudo, ya kamata a bar ku da tushe azaman mai shi. Hakanan zaka iya gyara wannan tare da umarnin da aka ɗora don bawa wani mai amfani.

      A gefe guda, bincika cewa fayilolin da kuka ƙirƙira suna yin hakan tare da izini 775 (wanda ya ba da umask 002). Idan ba su da waɗannan izini, ƙila a sami wasu saitunan da ba daidai ba.

      Hakanan, yana da kyau a bayyana cewa umask ya shafi kowane sabon fayil da aka ƙirƙira a cikin kundin adireshin, amma idan sun motsa ko kwafe abun ciki daga wani wuri, ana kiyaye ainihin izini ba waɗanda muka saita zuwa kundin adireshin ba.

      1.    Luis m

        Kai! Kun yi gaskiya.

        Na duba kuma matsalar ta samo asali ne daga abin da kuka faɗa na ƙarshe: Lokacin ƙaura fayil daga wani wuri zuwa babban fayil ɗin da aka raba, ana kiyaye ainihin izini.

        Shin akwai mafita ga wannan?

        Zan iya amfani da lu'ulu'u.

      2.    tansarkarin m

        A wannan yanayin, mafi kyawun abu shine sanya crontab kamar yadda KZKG ^ Gaara ya fada, wanda zaku iya sanya umarni don sanya ƙungiyar da izini ga abun cikin babban fayil ɗin a kowane lokacin X.
        Wannan shine faɗi wani abu kamar wannan a cikin crontab:
        sudo chgrp -R compartidos /home/compartido/*
        chmod -R 775 /home/compartido/*

        Domin komai sabo, matsa zuwa rukunin Raba tare da izini 775.

      3.    tansarkarin m

        Yi watsi da * a ƙarshen kowane layi, Ina tunanin wani abu dabam lokacin da na sanya shi 😛

      4.    Luis m

        Godiya aboki.

  5.   ernesto m

    Matsayi mai kyau, amma na fi son samun bangare na daban, wanda zan iya sanya duk abin da nake so in raba. Ina da faifai na karimci 500 GB, wanda nake amfani da 100GB tare da Linux da bangare 400GB (ntfs) wanda duk kida, hotuna, da sauransu suke ... A pc dina mu masu amfani ne guda biyu kuma kowannensu na iya samun damar shiga bangaren ntfs kuma sanya kuma cire abin da muke so, lokacin da muke so. Idan bana son raba komai, ina da wasu abubuwa a cikin sunan mai amfani na. 🙂

    1.    Luis m

      Tuni, wata hanya ce ta yin hakan amma matsalar ba inda za'a sanya fayiloli bane amma don saita izini da sarrafa damar masu amfani daban-daban.

      Kuna iya samun sa a bangaren NTFS, yayi daidai amma kuma kuna da rabe-raben, a hankali fiye da EXT4 da kuma karancin tsaro, kodayake idan yana da kyau a gare ku ku same shi ta wannan hanyar daidai yake.

  6.   rainerhg m

    Lafiya! Kyakkyawan bayani, amma har yanzu zan ƙara aiki don canza izini zuwa 775 na sabbin fayiloli a kowane shiga, kuma zai magance matsalar fayilolin da aka motsa daga wani babban fayil.
    Hakanan, na gode sosai don rabawa!

  7.   Joaquin m

    Abin sha'awa, godiya!

  8.   m m

    Ina haɓaka wani abu dangane da rukunin rabawa na farko na wasu kayan rarraba gnu / Linux. Wasu distros suna kirkirar mai amfani tare da masu amfani da rukunin farko kuma basa amfani da rukunin farko wanda yayi daidai da sunan mai amfani.
    Bambanci shine cewa ta amfani da masu amfani da rukunin farko, ta hanyar tsoho ana raba komai ga masu amfani da rukunin wanda duk masu amfani da aka ƙirƙira a waccan distro zasu kasance, idan maimakon haka an ƙirƙira su da rukuni ɗaya kamar sunan mai amfani, ba tsoho ba ba za'a raba komai ba.

    Alal misali:
    $ ls -l /home/usus/*.txt
    -rw-r - r – 1 carlos carlos 126 Mar 25 2012 bayanin kula.txt

    $ ls -l /home/usus/*.txt
    -rw-r - r– 1 masu amfani da carlos 126 Mar 25 2012 bayanin kula.txt

    Bana ba da shawarar amfani da masu amfani da rukunin farko, mafi kyau don ƙirƙirar rukuninku na farko lokacin ƙirƙirar mai amfani.

    #groupadd carlos
    # useradd -g carlos -G lp, wheel, uucp, audio, cdrom, cdrw, usb, lpadmin, plugdev -m -s / bin / bash carlos

    A -g carlos yana nuna amfani da ƙungiyar carlos.
    Kuna iya canza rukunin farko na mai amfani tare da # usermod -g amma wannan ba zai canza rukunin farko na duk fayiloli da manyan fayilolin da suka riga sun kasance / gida / carlos ba, dole ne ku canza su duka.

    Misali: canza masu amfani da rukunin farko daga carlos mai amfani zuwa carlos rukuni na farko sannan canzawa
    duk izinin fayil da babban fayil na mai amfani carlos saboda su kasance na carlos carlos.

    #groupadd carlos
    # usermod -g masu amfani da carlos
    # cd / gida
    # chown -R carlos: carlos carlos

    Game da rabawa, za ku iya ƙirƙirar mai amfani wanda ake kira rabawa tare da rukunin farko na farko, don haka babu wasu matsaloli na izini yayin yin kwafa, da farko za ku canza mai amfani
    tare da "$ su - an raba" to abin da kake so an kwafa zuwa / gida / raba, tare da wannan izini na abin da aka kwafa zai zama mai amfani mai amfani.
    Idan akwai kwafin fayiloli na sauran masu amfani da ƙungiyoyin farko, dole ku canza su duka.

    # cd / gida
    # chown -R shared: an raba rabawa

    Abinda ya rage kawai a cikin limbo, wanda ban san yadda zan yi ba don kwafin zane a matsayin mai amfani mai amfani, ma'ana, ba tare da yin $ su - raba ba

  9.   m m

    Ya kasance wauta ne kawai don kwafa a hoto, hehe, Ina amfani da pcmanfm a nan cikin akwatin buɗewa, amma kuna iya amfani da mai sarrafa fayil ɗin da kuke da shi ko kuke so, ana aiwatar da shi ne kawai azaman mai amfani mai amfani ba kamar tushen mai amfani ba.

    $ su - an raba
    $pcmanfm
    $ dabbar dolfin
    $mc
    da dai sauransu

    1.    tansarkarin m

      Ina gab da amsa wannan. Idan ba haka ba, ɗayan shine crontab wanda ke canza mai fayilolin kowane x lokaci tare da
      chown -R compartido:compartido compartido

  10.   Hugo m

    A ganina cewa umarnin "usermod -G thenewgroup elusuario" abin da yake yi shine ainihin canza rukunin mai amfani zuwa "theneggroup". Addara wani mai amfani da ke cikin sabon rukuni, ina tsammanin abin da zai daidai zai zama "usermod -aG elnuevogrupo elusuario"

    Wani abin kuma shine na gani anan mutane da yawa sun bada shawarar yin "chmod -R 775" amma wannan ba wai kawai ya shafi kundayen adireshi bane, har ma duk fayilolin (sanya su zartarwa), wanda ke gabatar da haɗarin da ba dole ba. Zai fi kyau a yi wani abu kamar «samu / gida / raba-nau'in d -print0 | xargs -0 chmod 755 "kuma idan ya cancanta tare da fayilolin za ku iya yin wani abu makamancin haka amma ta amfani da" -type f "da bayar da izini 664.

    Aƙarshe, hanya ɗaya don yin asusun ajiya da yawa suna da damar zuwa fayil ko babban fayil ko da kuwa wanene mamallakin ko rukunin shine ta amfani da umarnin "setfacl" wanda yake cikin kunshin acl (idan na tuna daidai). Anyi amfani dashi sosai akan shafin jagorar.

  11.   Unai martin m

    Ina da matsala mai zuwa. Na ƙirƙiri masu amfani 4 (web1, web2, web3, web4) kuma ina so in ƙirƙiri babban fayil ɗin shiga ga masu amfani da rukunin yanar gizo. Lokacin da na kirkiri fayil din .htaccess na san dole ne in sanya mai amfani mai amfani, amma idan na sanya bukatar mai amfani mai amfani da yanar gizo 1 web2 web3 web4 don su sami damar shiga babban fayil din ta hanyar kalmar sirri, lokacin da na yi kokarin samun damar babban fayil din. yana tambayata ga mai amfani da kalmar sirrin kowannensu.Yaya ake neman sunan mai amfani da kalmar sirri na wanda yake son shigarwa? saboda ana zaton daya bai san password din waninsa ba.

  12.   Gustavo F. Paredes m

    Hello.

    Yakamata tashar ta 4 ta kasance "an raba" jam'i:

    sudo usermod -G shared sebastian

    sudo usermod -G ta raba kawata

    Na gode.

    Gustavo

  13.   Ivan m

    Murna:

    Muna yin ƙaura daga Windows Server zuwa CentOs 6 kuma har yanzu muna kan aikin daidaitawa. Tambayata: Shin akwai wani hoto na zane a cikin CentOs don raba manyan fayiloli da ba masu amfani damar yin kwaskwarima, gyara da / ko share fayiloli, ko in yi duk hanyoyin da ke sama.

    Godiya ga taimako.

    1.    Rafael m

      Ina kuma girka centos 6 kuma ina son amfani da shi tare da samba wanda zai bani damar raba fayiloli daga Linux da windows, na sani kadan, bana yawan amfani da Linux, amma a wurin aiki an tambaye ni, yaya zan iya yi don raba manyan fayiloli amma a cikin zane mai hoto ??.

  14.   Ricardo m

    Barka dai. Da fatan za a taimake ni! ... Ya bayyana cewa ta hanyar yin hakan a cikin mai amfani da ni cikin tunanin Linux, yanzu na rasa gata. Ba zan iya gudanar da komai kamar sudo ba. Na sami wannan sakon mai zuwa "Gafarta mini, mai amfani" sunan mai amfani "ba shi da izinin aiwatar da" command_to_run "azaman tushe a cikin" sunan mai amfani ""

    Ina tsammanin lokacin da na canza mai amfani da ni zuwa rukunin da aka raba, na cire gata, kuma yanzu yaya zan sake kafa su ???

  15.   Guillermo m

    Kai aboki akwai wata hanyar da za ayi haka amma raba fayiloli tare da wasu mutane akan Intanet na LAN

  16.   Fabian m

    Don wannan dole ne ku yi amfani da SAMBA azaman Server Server. Murna

  17.   David m

    Barka dai. Lokacin da na isa ga umarnin layin sudo chmod g + s sai ya gaya mani cewa fayil ko kundin adireshin babu. Shin kun san menene matsalar?

  18.   Javier Quiroga Almeida m

    Ta yaya zan ƙirƙiri rukuni a cikin wani rukuni?

  19.   Rodrigo Hernan Ramos m

    Layin:
    sudo usermod -G shared sebastian

    ya zama:
    sudo usermod -a -G raba sebastian

    hanyar farko tana cire sauran rukunin masu amfani.
    kuma idan kayi gumi ka rasa gatan ka