Yadda ake ƙirƙirar rami na SSH tsakanin sabar Linux da abokin cinikin Windows

Tunanin gina a SSH rami shine a ɓoye dukkan haɗi (ba tare da la'akari ba, misali, idan ka je shafin https ko http) kuma ka haɗa zuwa Yanar-gizo ta hanyar a amintaccen tashar. Wannan tashar "lafiya" ba komai bane face a servidor saita don wannan dalili Wannan sabar na iya zama, misali, a gidanka.

"Rashin fa'ida" ta wannan hanyar shine koyaushe dolene wannan na'urar ta kunna kuma saita ta daidai don aiki azaman sabar SSH, amma yana ba ka damar inganta ingantaccen haɗin haɗin haɗarka har ma da guje wa takunkumin haɗin haɗin da masu gudanarwa na cibiyar sadarwa suka ɗora maka (misali, aikinku).

Na ji kuna tambaya: wannan na iya taimaka min da gaske? Da kyau, bari mu ɗauki wannan yanayin: kuna cikin cafe na intanet ko gidan abinci tare da Wi-Fi kyauta kuma kuna buƙatar yin canjin banki ko wani muhimmin aiki. Tabbas, ana ba da shawarar koyaushe don aiwatar da waɗannan nau'ikan ma'amaloli a cikin yanayi mai aminci. Koyaya, akwai mafita: ramin SSH. Ta wannan hanyar, zamu iya haɗi zuwa Intanit ta hanyar sabarmu "mai aminci".

Wannan hanyar kuma tana da amfani don ƙetare ƙuntatawa da aka sanya kan haɗin mahallin aiki da yawa. Ba za a iya samun damar YouTube daga aiki ba? Da kyau, rami na SSH na iya zama mafita, saboda za a gabatar da duk buƙatun ta hanyar "amintaccen" uwar garkenku. Watau, kamar yadda IP ɗin ba a katange IP ɗinku ba (ee, a gefe guda, na YouTube) zaku iya "guje wa" wannan ƙuntatawa (ba ku iya samun damar YouTube ba) tunda ga mai kula da hanyar sadarwar kamfanin ku na'urar ku tana taɗi kawai tare da sabar "amintacce" kuma bata da ra'ayin cewa ta hanyar sa zahiri kuna bincika shafuka da yawa.

A wannan darasin zamuyi bayanin yanayin "hankula": Linux uwar garke, Windows abokin aiki.

Sanya sabar Linux

1.- Shigar da sabar SSH. Don yin wannan, na buɗe tashar mota kuma na gudu:

En Ubuntu:

sudo dace-samu kafa Openssh-sabar

En Arch:

pacman -S budewa

En Fedora:

yum -y shigar da openssh-server

Shirya. Yanzu zaku iya samun damar Ubuntu (uwar garken SSH) tare da abokin ciniki na SSH.

2.- Da zarar an shigar, yana da amfani a sake duba fayil ɗin sanyi:

sudo nano / sauransu / ssh / sshd_config

Daga wannan fayil ɗin zaku sami damar daidaita sabar SSH ɗinku cikin sauƙi. Shawarata ita ce a gyara sigogi 2 kawai: tashar jiragen ruwa da masu ba da izini.

Don kauce wa hare-hare masu yuwuwa, ana ba da shawarar canza tashar jiragen ruwa da SSH za ta yi amfani da ita. Ta hanyar tsoho yana zuwa da ƙimar 22, zaku iya zaɓar wani wanda yafi dacewa da ku (don dalilan wannan karatun mun zaɓi 443 amma yana iya zama wani).

Sigar Masu ba da izini yana ba ku damar taƙaita isa ga mai amfani kuma, a zaɓi, mahaɗan da za ku iya haɗawa da su. Misali na gaba yana taƙaita samun dama ga uwar garken SSH saboda masu amfani da-haka ne kawai zasu iya yin hakan daga masu masaukin 10.1.1.1 da 10.2.2.1.

Izinin masu amfani haka da so@10.1.1.1 mengano@10.1.1.1 haka kuma so@10.2.2.1 mengano@10.2.2.1

Sanya na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa

Idan sabarku tana bayan na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, ya zama dole a daidaita ta ta yadda ba zai toshe hanyoyin shigowa ba. Specificallyari musamman, dole ne ku saita.

Kafin tafiya zuwa ma'ana da nuna daidaitaccen tsari yana da kyau a yi bayani kaɗan abin da isar da tashar jiragen ruwa ya ƙunsa.

A ce kana da hanyar sadarwar gida guda 3, dukansu a bayan na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa. Ta yaya haɗi mai shigowa (daga SSH, kamar yadda zai kasance lamarinmu) don sadarwa tare da na'ura 1 akan hanyar sadarwarmu ta gida? Kar ka manta cewa "daga waje" injunan 3, kodayake suna da IPs na gida, suna raba IP ɗin jama'a ɗaya ta inda suke haɗuwa da Intanet.

Maganin matsalar da aka ambata shine turawa tashar jiragen ruwa. Ta wannan hanyar, lokacin da aka karɓi haɗi masu shigowa zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa ta X na IP ɗin mu, mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa zai tura shi zuwa na'urar da ta dace. Ta wannan hanyar, duk lokacin da muka haɗu ta wannan tashar, mun san cewa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa za ta sake tura mu (don haka tura tashar) zuwa na'ura mai dacewa. Duk wannan, a bayyane, dole ne a saita shi a cikin na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa.

Tsarin jigilar tashar jiragen ruwa ya ɗan bambanta gwargwadon na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa da kuke amfani da su. Mafi amfani shine ziyarta portforward.com, zaɓi samfurin router da kake amfani da shi kuma bi matakan da aka bayyana a can.

Sanya abokin cinikin Windows

Don haɗawa daga Windows, yana da amfani don amfani da kayan aikin PuTTY azaman abokin ciniki na SSH.

1.- Mataki na farko shine zazzage PuTTY

Kamar yadda kake gani akan shafin saukar da PuTTY, akwai wadatar iri iri. Ina ba da shawarar sauke sashin šaukuwa na shirin: putty.exe. Fa'idar zaɓar ɗan jujjuya sigar ita ce koyaushe kuna iya ɗauka tare da ku a kan pendrive kuma gudanar da shirin daga kowace kwamfuta, duk inda kuka kasance.

2.- Bude PuTTY kuma saka IP (jama'a) da kuma tashar sabar da abokin huldar SSH zai haɗu da ita. Yaya za a gano IP na sabarku? Mai sauƙi, kawai google "menene me ip ɗin jama'a na" don nemo dubban shafuka waɗanda ke ba da wannan sabis ɗin.

3.- Idan “abokin ciniki” yana bayan wakili, kar a manta don saita shi daidai. Idan baku tabbatar da wane irin bayanai zaku shiga ba, buɗe Internet Explorer kuma je zuwa Kayan aiki> Haɗawa> Saitunan LAN> Babba. Kwafa da liƙa bayanan da suka bayyana a can a cikin PuTTY, kamar yadda aka gani a hoton da ke ƙasa. A wasu lokuta, zaka iya shigar da sunan mai amfani da kalmar wucewa.

4.- Wajibi ne don shigar da bayanan turawa na "gida" don gina ramin SSH. Je zuwa Haɗi> SSH> Tunnels. Anan ra'ayin shine mai biyowa, dole ne mu fadawa PuTTY wadanne mahaɗan ne zasu "karkatar" zuwa sabar mu ta aminci. Don yin wannan, dole ne mu zaɓi tashar jiragen ruwa.

Shawarata, musamman idan mashin din yana bayan wakili, shine ka zabi tashar jiragen ruwa 443 tunda shine wanda SSL tayi amfani dashi wajen kulla alaka mai inganci, wanda hakan zaiyi wahala ga mai gudanarwa ya gano abinda kake yi. Port 8080, a gefe guda, shine wanda HTTP ke amfani da shi (wanda ba haɗin "amintacce" ba) don haka ƙwararren mai kula da hanyar sadarwa na iya zama mai shakka kuma yana iya ma toshe tashar jiragen ruwa don wasu nau'ikan haɗin.

A cikin inationaddarawa, sake-shigar da IP na amintaccen uwar garken, sannan mai mallaka da tashar jiragen ruwa da kuka buɗe a cikin ɗigo mai taken "Sanya na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa" kuma a cikin fayil na ~ / .ssh / config. Misali, 192.243.231.553:443.

Zaɓi Dynamic (wanda zai ƙirƙiri haɗin SOCKS, wanda za mu yi amfani da shi a gaba) kuma danna Addara.

5.- Na koma babban allon PuTTY, na danna Ajiye sannan kuma Buɗe. A karo na farko da kuka haɗi zuwa sabar, saƙon faɗakarwa kamar wanda ke ƙasa zai bayyana:

6.- Bayan haka, zai nemi sunan mai amfani da kalmar wucewa tare da samun dama ga sabar.

Idan komai ya tafi daidai, da zarar an gama shiga, ya kamata ka ga wani abu kamar abin da ka gani a ƙasa ...

7.- A ƙarshe, ba tare da rufe PuTTY ba, buɗe kuma saita Firefox (ko masarrafan da kuka fi so) don haɗi zuwa Intanit ta hanyar PuTTY.