Yadda ake gano buɗe tashoshin jiragen ruwa akan kwamfutar mu ko na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa

Kasuwancin dan dandatsa ya hada da, daga daya daga cikin ayyukanta na yau da kullun, amfani (ko ƙarni) na gazawa a cikin ayyukan da aikace-aikace daban-daban suka buɗe tare da "waje". Waɗannan sabis ɗin suna buɗe tashoshin jiragen ruwa ta hanyar abin da zai iya yiwuwa a sami damar isa ga tsarin. A cikin wannan ƙaramin koyawar za mu ƙara koya game da tashar jiragen ruwa, yadda suke aiki da kuma yadda za a gano waɗancan tashoshin da muke da su a buɗe.

Tashar jiragen ruwa hanya ce ta hanyar sanya suna ta hanyar da za'a iya aiko da karban nau'ikan bayanai daban-daban. Wannan yanayin yana iya zama na jiki ne, ko kuma yana iya zama a matakin software (alal misali, tashoshin jiragen ruwa da ke ba da damar watsa bayanai tsakanin bangarori daban-daban) (duba ƙasa don ƙarin bayani), a cikin wannan yanayin kalmar tashar ma'ana ta yawaita amfani.

Tashoshin Jiki

Tashar jiragen ruwa ita ce hanyar sadarwa, ko haɗi tsakanin na'urori, wanda ke ba ku damar haɗuwa da nau'ikan na'urori a zahiri kamar su masu saka idanu, masu buga takardu, sikanan iska, rumbun kwamfutocin waje, kyamarorin dijital, mashinan rubutu, da sauransu ... Waɗannan haɗin suna da sunaye na musamman.

Serial tashar jiragen ruwa da layi daya tashar jiragen ruwa

Port serial tashar sadarwa ce tsakanin sadarwa tsakanin kwamfutoci da sauran sassan yanki inda ake watsa bayanai kadan-kadan a jere, ma'ana, aika da wani abu a lokaci guda (sabanin tashar kwatankwacin da yake aika ragowa da yawa a lokaci guda).

PCI tashar jiragen ruwa

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) mashigai sune ramuka masu fadada akan katon kwamfutar inda zaka iya hada sauti, bidiyo, katunan hanyar sadarwa, da sauransu ... Ramin PCI har yanzu ana amfani dashi kuma zamu iya samun componentsan abubuwa kaɗan (mafi yawan ) a cikin tsarin PCI.

PCI Express tashar jiragen ruwa

Tashar PCI Express ta haɗa da sabbin kayan haɓakawa ga ƙayyadaddun PCIe 3.0 waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙwarewa da yawa don haɓaka siginar da amincin bayanai, gami da watsa fayil da sarrafa karɓa, haɓaka PLL, dawo da bayanan agogo, da haɓakawa zuwa tashoshi, tabbatar da dacewa tare da topologies na yanzu.

Portwaƙwalwar ajiya

An haɗa katunan ƙwaƙwalwar RAM zuwa waɗannan tashar jiragen ruwa. Portsofofin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya sune tashoshin jiragen ruwa, ko ɓoyayyun wurare, inda zaka iya saka sabbin katunan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, don faɗaɗa ƙarfin guda.

Mara waya tashar jiragen ruwa

Haɗin haɗin da ke cikin wannan nau'in tashar jiragen ruwa ana yin su, ba tare da buƙatar igiyoyi ba, ta hanyar haɗin tsakanin mai aikawa da mai karɓar ta amfani da raƙuman lantarki. Idan yawan raƙuman ruwa, wanda aka yi amfani dashi a cikin haɗin, yana cikin nau'in infrared ana kiran shi tashar infrared. Idan mitar da aka yi amfani da ita a mahaɗin ta saba ce a cikin mitar rediyo to zai zama tashar Bluetooth.

Amfanin wannan haɗin na ƙarshe shine cewa mai aikawa da mai karɓar ba lallai bane su kasance da dangantaka da junan su don haɗin haɗin gwiwa. Wannan ba batun bane game da tashar infrared. A wannan yanayin, na'urorin dole ne su "ga" juna, kuma babu wani abu da ya kamata a shiga tsakanin su saboda haɗin zai katse.

Tashar USB

Gabaɗaya Toshe & Kunna, ma'ana, kawai ta haɗa na'urar da "zafi" (tare da kwamfutar a kunne), ana gane na'urar kuma an girke ta nan take. Abin sani kawai dole ne Tsarin Tsarin aiki ya haɗa da direba ko direba daidai. Yana da babban saurin canja wuri idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan tashar jiragen ruwa. Ta hanyar kebul na USB ba kawai bayanai aka canja ba; yana yiwuwa kuma a yi amfani da na'urorin waje. Matsakaicin yawan amfani da wannan mai kula shine 2.5 Watt.

Toshin masarufi

Wannan shine sunan da aka sanya wa yanki, ko wuri, na kwakwalwar kwamfuta wacce ke hade da tashar jirgin ruwa ta zahiri ko kuma tashar sadarwa, kuma hakan yana samar da sarari don adana bayanan wucin gadi da za a iya turawa tsakanin wurin. tashar.

A cikin yanayin Intanet, tashar jiragen ruwa ita ce ƙimar da ake amfani da ita, a cikin tsarin jigilar kayan safara, don rarrabe tsakanin aikace-aikace da yawa waɗanda zasu iya haɗuwa da mai masauki ɗaya, ko tasha.

Kodayake yawancin tashoshin jiragen ruwa an ba su izini ba tare da izini ba, amma an sanya wasu tashoshin jiragen ruwa, ta hanyar taron, ga wasu takamaiman aikace-aikace ko sabis na yanayin duniya. A zahiri, IANA (Hukumar Kula da Lambobin Intanit) tana ƙayyade ayyukan duk tashar jiragen ruwa tsakanin ƙimar [0, 1023]. Misali, sabis ɗin haɗin telnet na nesa, wanda aka yi amfani da shi akan Intanet, yana da alaƙa da tashar jiragen ruwa 23. Saboda haka, akwai teburin tashar jiragen ruwa da aka sanya a cikin wannan ƙimar ƙimomin. Ayyuka da aikace-aikace suna cikin jerin da ake kira Zaɓaɓɓun Ayyuka.

Yadda ake gano buɗe tashoshi masu ma'ana?

Da sauƙi, dole ne ku girka shirin nmap, wanda aka sanya cikin maɓallan duk mashahurin mashahuri.

A kan Ubuntu, wannan zai zama kamar haka:

sudo dace-samun shigar nmap

Da zarar an girka, sai kawai a gudanar da shi, tare da bayyana IP ko sunan karya na kwamfuta ko na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa da muke son tabbatarwa. Don haka, misali, don bincika buɗe tashoshin jiragen ruwa akan kwamfutarka, na rubuta:

nmap localhost

Don lissafa bude tashoshin jiragen ruwa a kan na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa (idan kuna amfani da ɗaya), wuce IP ɗin ta azaman ma'auni, maimakon Localhost. A halin da nake ciki, yayi kama da wannan:

nmap 192.168.0.1

Harshen Fuentes: wikipedia