Yadda ake hada wancan wasan / shirin da na sauke kawai

Bari muyi zato yanzu haka kun saukar da lambar tushe na wasa ko shirin da kuka fi so kuma kuna son tattara shi don ku sami damar morewa. Yaya ake aiwatar da irin wannan aikin na titan? Kada ku damu, tattarawa da girka wannan wasan / shirin a kan Linux ba shi da wahala kamar yadda yake sauti.

Gina da shigar da hanya

Duk lokacin da kuka zazzage lambar tushe ta wani shiri, zai zo ya matse shi cikin fayil wanda, a kan Linux, gabaɗaya nau'in tar.gz ko tar.bz2 ne. Tabbas, yana iya zuwa ta kowane yanayi (zip, misali), amma galibi wannan doka ce.

Don haka matakin farko shine a kwance fayil ɗin. Hanyar mafi sauki ita ce ta buɗe Nautilus, danna-dama kan fayil ɗin da ake tambaya, da zaɓa Decompress. Hanyar da za mu gani a nan, duk da haka, ita ce wacce tashar ta yi amfani da ita.

Da zarar an lalata fayil ɗin, za a ƙirƙiri kundin adireshi, wanda dole ne mu shiga kuma daga gareta za mu fara daidaitawa da tattara shirin.

Lokacin da kayi duk wannan daga tashar, umarnin da zakuyi amfani dasu sune:

Kunshin xvzf package.tar.gz (ko tar xvjf package.tar.bz2) kunshin cd ./ku gyara yin shigar

Waɗannan su ne umarnin da dole ne mutum ya bi gabaɗaya, amma yana da kyau a bincika kowane ɗayan waɗannan matakan a zurfin zurfi, don fahimtar da kyau abin da suke nufi.

Mataki na 1: lalacewa

Tsawon tar.gz ko tar.bz2 yana nufin cewa lambar tushe da kuka sauke an matse ta cikin fayil ɗin tar, wanda aka fi sani da tarball. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa yaduwar lambar tushe tunda duk fayiloli da manyan fayilolin da suka ƙunsa an tattara su cikin fayil guda. Da zarar an kunshi, a cikin fayil ɗin tar, ana matse wannan fayil ɗin ta amfani da gz ko bz2 algorithm, ya danganta da ɗanɗin mai ƙirar.

Don cire fayil ɗin tar.gz, na rubuta:

Kunshin xvzf na tar.tar.gz

Idan akwai fayil na tar.bz2:

kunshin tar xvjf.tar.bz2

A mafi yawan lokuta wannan zai ƙirƙiri babban fayil a cikin kundin adireshi inda fayil ɗin da aka matse yake. Sunan fayil din zai zama daidai da fayil ɗin da aka matsa.

Mataki 2: daidaitawa

Da zarar ka shigar da fayil din da aka kirkira ta hanyar zazzage fayil din tar.gz ko tar.bz2 ...

cd babban fayil

… Lokaci don saita fakitin. Yawancin lokaci, amma ba koyaushe ba (wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yake da mahimmanci a karanta README da fayilolin shigarwa), ana cika wannan ta hanyar gudanar da saitin saitin:

./configure

Lokacin da kake gudanar da wannan rubutun, babu abin da za a girka duk da haka, zai kawai bincika tsarin kuma sanya ƙima ga wasu masu canjin tsarin dogaro. Ana amfani da waɗannan ƙimomin don ƙirƙirar Makefile. Ana amfani da Makefile, bi da bi, don ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin binary wanda, a ƙarshen labarin, zai ba da damar shirin ya gudana.

Lokacin da kake gudanar da wannan umarnin za ka ga allon ya cika da saƙonni da yawa. Idan akwai kuskure, sako zai bayyana; kuma idan komai ya tafi daidai, zamu iya tsallake zuwa mataki na gaba. 🙂

Mataki na 3: gina binary

Lokaci yayi da za'a gina fayil din binary, wanda ba komai bane face aiwatar da shirin. A takaice dai, wannan aikin ya kunshi sauya fayilolin da aka rubuta a cikin babban yare mai shirye-shirye zuwa sifili tsarkakakku kuma wadanda, ma'ana, kawai yare ne da kwamfutarmu ke fahimta.

yi

Don wannan umarnin ya yi nasara, dole ne matakin da ya gabata ya yi nasara. Ba tare da Makefile ba, yin zai gaza. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci cewa rubutun saiti ya gudana cikin nasara.

Haka ne, allon zai sake cika da saƙonni masu ban mamaki kuma zai ɗauki ɗan lokaci don gamawa. Hakan zai dogara da girman shirin da kuma saurin kwamfutarka.

Mataki na 4: shigarwa

Tabbas, muna da ikon aiwatarwa amma shigarwa ta ɓace. Dole ne a yi wannan matakin tare da gatan mai gudanarwa.

sudo yi shigar

Kamar yadda yake a cikin wannan yanayin tunanin ba muyi canje-canje ga fayil ɗin sanyi ba, za a shigar da shirin a cikin babban fayil ɗin da aka saba. Gaba ɗaya, wannan yawanci / usr / gida / bin tunda yana bada damar hakan ta kowane bangare yayin rubuta sunan shirin ana aiwatar dashi (ba tare da shigar da cikakkiyar hanyar shirin ba).

Mataki na 5: Kisa

A'a, ba mu kashe kowa ba. Wannan kawai mataki ne na ƙarshe na dukkan gini da tsarin shigarwa. Don gudanar da shirin wanda muka canza shi sosai muka zama binary, na rubuta:

./ sunan shirin

Idan an shigar da shirin a cikin wani babban fayil, banda / usr / local / bin, dole ne ku shiga cikakkiyar hanyar shirin.

Tsaftace wurin kiwon

Idan kun ragu sosai, kuna kan sararin faifai, kuna so ku share duk fayilolin da aka ƙirƙira yayin aikin ginin binary. A wannan yanayin, Na sami damar babban fayil ɗin da aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar buɗe fayil ɗin kuma na buga:

yi tsabta

Fadakarwa: tabbatar ka kiyaye Makefile dinka. Wannan fayil ɗin zai zama dole lokacin cire shirin a cikin gaba.

Uninstall

Shirin bai kasance abin da muke tsammani ba kuma muna so mu shafe shi daga fuskar tsarinmu. yaya? Shin shirin da na girka yanzu ba ya bayyana a Cibiyar Software ko Synaptic? Kuma yanzu?

Idan baku goge Makefile ɗinku ba, yana yiwuwa a cire shirin cikin sauƙi. Na rubuta umarni mai zuwa a cikin babban fayil din da aka kirkira lokacin da na zazzage fayil ɗin:

yi uninstall

Idan bakayi rashin sa'a ba kuma cirewar bai yi nasara ba, ba za'ayi wani zabi ba illa share fayiloli da hannu. Haƙiƙa ciwon kai. Don gano inda waɗannan fayilolin suke, zaku iya duba Makefile ɗinku.

Idan kun share Makefile, zai fi kyau a sake shigar da shirin, sannan a yi yi uninstall, saboda wannan zai sabunta Fayil din. Kar ka manta shigar da shi ta amfani da daidaito iri ɗaya (a wannan yanayin babu) a cikin ./configure.