Yadda ake nemo takardu a cikin tsarin GNU / Linux na

Yawancin waɗannan sababbi ne ga duniya GNU / Linux suna cike da shakku kuma sun kasa samun amsar gaggawa game da damuwar su, wani lokacin basu ma da wata alaƙa ta hanyar da za su sami damar shiga dandalin tallafi kuma a ƙarshe su ƙare da ra'ayin cewa Linux na da matukar wahala a gare su.

Yawancin waɗanda suka sami kansu a cikin wannan halin ba su da masaniya cewa tsarin namu yana ƙunshe da ɓangare mai kyau na amsoshin abubuwan damuwarmu na farko. Akwai ainihin tushen tushe guda uku a cikin tsarin GNU / Linux: shafukan shafuka (shafukan mutum), shafukan bayanai (shafukan bayanai) da kuma littattafan aikace-aikacen da aka saka cikin / usr / share / doc.

A cikin wannan labarin zamu bayyana kowane ɗayan waɗannan asalin.

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Shafukan mutum

Shafukan jagora ko "shafukan mutum" sune dadaddun nau'ikan bayanan bayanai a cikin Linux da Unix. Ainihin, zaku iya bincika shafukan mutum don taimako ga kowane umurni, fayil ɗin daidaitawa, ko aikin laburare.

A aikace, Linux kyauta ce ta software, kuma ba a rubuta wasu shafuka ko nuna shekarunsu ba. Koyaya, shafukan mutum shine farkon wurin neman lokacin da kuke buƙatar taimako. Don samun damar shafukan mutumin, kawai buga mutumin sannan batun da za a bincika.

Za a fara ɗaukar hoto, don haka za ku danna q idan na gama karantawa. Misali, don nemo bayani game da umarnin ls, Zan rubuta:

$ mutum ls

Sanin sassan shafukan mutum yana iya zama mai taimako don saurin tsalle zuwa bayanin da kuke buƙata, zaku sami sassan masu zuwa akan shafin mutumin (Akwatin 1):

Tebur 1: Shafukan Jagora

NAME	Sunan umarni da kwatancin
Synopsis	Yadda ake amfani da umarni
KWATANCIN	Cikakken bayani game da yadda umarnin yake aiki
Misalai	Shawara kan yadda ake amfani da umarnin
Bincika ALSO	Batutuwa masu alaƙa (Yawancin lokaci a cikin shafukan mutum)

Sassan shafukan mutum

An adana fayilolin da suka ƙunshi shafukan mutum / usr / share / mutum (ko a ciki / usr / mutum akan wasu tsoffin tsarin). A cikin wannan kundin adireshin, za ku ga cewa an tsara shafuka masu jagora zuwa ɓangarori masu zuwa (Akwatin 2).

Tebur 2: sassan shafukan yanar gizo

man1	Shirye-shiryen mai amfani
man2	Tsarin kira
man3	Ayyukan ɗakin karatu
man4	Fayiloli na musamman
man5	Tsarin fayil
man6	wasanni
man7	Daban-daban

Shafukan mutane da yawa

Wasu batutuwa sun wanzu a cikin sashe fiye da ɗaya. Don nuna wannan, zamuyi amfani da umarnin menene, wanda ke nuna duk shafukan mutum don wannan batun:

$ menene bugawa

printf (1) - tsari da buga bayanai

printf (3) - tsara fitowar fitarwa

A wannan yanayin, mutum printf zai kasance a shafi na sashe na 1 (Shirye-shiryen mai amfani). Idan za mu rubuta shirin C, za mu fi sha'awar shafin a cikin sashe na 3 (Ayyukan ɗakin karatu). Kuna iya kiran wasu sashin shafukan mutum ta hanyar tantance shi akan layin umarni, don haka nema bugawa, zamu iya rubuta:

$ mutum 3 bugu

Neman shafin mutum daidai

Wani lokaci yana da wuya a sami pagesan manan shafukan mutum akan batun da aka bayar. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya amfani mutum -k don nemo sashin suna na shafukan mutum. Ku sani cewa wannan bincike ne na asali, don haka wani abu kamar mutum -k ls zai ba ku abubuwa da yawa, ga misali ta amfani da takamaiman kalma:

$ man -k menene (1) - buga kwafin bayanan shafi

Duk game da apropos

Misalin da ya gabata ya kawo mana wasu karin maki. Na farko, umarnin dace daidai yake da mutum -k, (A gaskiya, zan baka wani sirri. Lokacin da kake gudu mutum -k ainihin gudu dace a bayan al'amuran).

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Layin lambar MANPATH

Yanzu mun koma kan nau'ikan takardu na biyu da zamu samu a cikin tsarin mu na GNU / Linux. Ta hanyar tsoho, shirin mutum yana neman shafukan mutum a cikin / usr / share / mutum, / usr / na gari / mutum, / usr / X11R6 / mutum kuma mai yiwuwa / ficewa / mutum. wani lokacin zaka iya samun abin da kake buƙata ta ƙara ƙarin hanya zuwa hanyar bincike. Wannan kasancewar lamarin, gyara kawai / da sauransu / man.conf a cikin editan rubutu kuma ƙara layi kamar haka:

MANPATH / ficewa / mutum

Daga nan gaba, duk wani shafin mutum a cikin kundin adireshin / ficewa / mutum za'a samu. Ka tuna kana bukatar sake gudu sananda don ƙara waɗannan sabbin shafukan mutum zuwa rumbun adana bayanai menene.

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Bayanin GNU

Ofaya daga cikin gazawar shafukan yanar gizo shine cewa basu tallafawa hypertext don haka baza ku iya tsallake daga wannan shafin zuwa wancan ba. Abokan GNU sun fahimci wannan aibin, don haka suka ƙirƙiro wani tsarin rubutu: shafukan "bayanai".

Yawancin shirye-shiryen GNU suna zuwa tare da cikakkun takardu a cikin tsarin shafin bayanai. Kuna iya fara karanta shafukan bayanai tare da umarnin info:

Ta wannan hanyar zamu kawo index na dukkan shafukan bayanan da ke cikin tsarin. Kuna iya motsawa a cikinsu tare da maɓallan kibiya, bi "hanyoyin haɗi" (wanda aka nuna tare da tauraro) ta amfani da maɓallin Shigar da fita ta latsa q. Makullin suna dogara ne akan Emacs, don haka ya zama mai sauƙin kewaya idan kun saba da editan.

Don ƙarin bayani tare da amfani da info, karanta shafin bayanin su. Ya kamata ku iya kewaya su ta amfani da maɓallan da aka ambata a sama:

$ info bayani

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/ usr / share / doc

Akwai tushe na ƙarshe wanda zai iya taimaka muku cikin tsarin Linux. Yawancin shirye-shirye suna zuwa sanye take da ƙarin takaddun bayanai a cikin wasu tsare-tsaren: rubutu, PDF, PostScript, HTML, don ambata wasu kaɗan.

Yi kallo / usr / share / doc (/ usr / doc akan tsoffin tsarin). Za ku sami jerin kundin adireshi masu tsawo, kowane ɗayansu ya zo tare da aikace-aikacen akan tsarinku. Bincike ta wannan takaddun koyaushe na iya bayyana wani abu mai ban sha'awa, kamar koyo ko ƙarin takaddun fasaha. Dubawa da sauri yana nuna tarin kayan da za'a iya karantawa:

$ cd / usr / share / doc

$ sami. -ty f | wc -l

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A wasu labaran kuma zamuyi tsokaci ne akan wasu bayanan na waje kamar su Linux Documentation Project (LDP), jerin wasiku da kuma kungiyoyin labarai.

Source: Labari daga GUTL kuma Maikel Llamaret Heredia ne ya rubuta. Hanyoyin sadarwa: https://blog.desdelinux.net, http://www.raybenjamin.com, http://forum.codecall.net, http://www.linfo.org,  http://www.esdebian.org