Yadda ake saita sabar yanar gizo da kuma dauki bakuncin gidan yanar gizo akan GNU / Linux

Yanar gizo url

Idan ka taba mamakin yadda wasu sabis na tallatawa wanda ke cikin cibiyar sadarwar na iya karɓar bakuncin gidan yanar gizo ko menene sabar yanar gizo da yadda take aiki, gami da menene sandunan da ke bayyana a cikin URL ɗin wasu shafukan yanar gizo, yadda abokin ciniki zai iya haɗuwa da shafin yanar gizo daga nesa, da sauransu, a cikin Wannan labarin zai bayyana muku a fili. Ba zan koya muku kawai ra'ayin abin da sabar take ba, za ku kuma san yadda ake ƙirƙirar sabar yanar gizonku daga mataki zuwa mataki godiya ga koyawa mai sauƙi.

A yau dukkanmu muna amfani da sabis na nesa na kowane nau'i, har ila yau, ƙididdigar girgije mai haskakawa, amma idan akwai sabis wanda ya fita dabam da sauran, watakila shine wanda suke samarwa sabar yanar gizo, tunda akwai tarin yanar gizan yanar gizo da muke ziyarta a kullun don karanta labaran da muke so, bincika imel daga hanyoyin yanar gizo waɗanda ke ba da wasu ayyuka kamar GMail, aiwatar da ma'amaloli, aiki, yin sayayya ta kan layi, da dai sauransu. Babu wanda ya tsere wa waɗannan ayyukan, dama? Koyaya, saboda yawancin masu amfani da ita ba'a san su ba game da abin da ke bayan su ...

Menene sabar?

Gidan gona

Wasu masu amfani suna tunanin hakan sabar wani abu ne na musamman, wani abu da ya bambanta da ainihin yadda yake. Amma an ce cikin sauki, saba ba komai bane face kwamfuta kamar wacce zamu iya samu a cikin gidanmu, sai dai kawai maimakon tayi aiki a matsayin kwastoma, sai ta zama kamar sabar, wato tana samar da sabis. Kuna iya tunanin cewa, a wannan yanayin, me yasa waɗannan hotunan da muke gani akan TV ko a wasu kafofin watsa labarai lokacin da sabobin suka fito ba su da yawa ...

Da kyau, waɗancan hotunan kamar waɗanda na haɗa anan hotunan ne gonakin sabar. Wannan shine sunan da aka sanya wa jerin rukunin kwamfutoci waɗanda ke aiki tare azaman uwar garke ɗaya. Ka tuna cewa ayyukan da waɗannan sabobin yawanci suke bayarwa ana tsara su ne ga ɗaruruwan, dubbai ko miliyoyin masu amfani waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin abokan ciniki a kan kwamfutocin su, wayoyin hannu, kwamfutar hannu, TV mai kaifin baki, da dai sauransu. Sabili da haka, ƙarfin da dole ne su ɗauka ya fi na kwamfutar gida yawa.

Dole ne kawai kuyi tunani game da ayyuka kamar Twitter, miliyoyin masu amfani da wannan hanyar sadarwar ta ke da su, fayiloli da saƙonni nawa ake turawa kowane dakika. Idan ka yi tunani game da shi, yana da babban adadin bayanaiSaboda haka, ba shi da inganci tare da haɗi kamar wanda muke da shi a gida da kuma kwamfuta ta yau da kullun. Ana buƙatar haɗin haɗi mai sauri don kada a sami jinkiri a cikin hanyoyin duk waɗancan masu amfani, kuma a ba shi ƙarfin da ya dace don su sami damar karɓar duk bayanan.

Da wannan abin da nake nufi shi ne don wannan sabis ana amfani da dozin ko ɗaruruwan "kwakwalwa" kamar waɗanda za mu iya amfani da su a gida waɗanda ke cikin ɗakuna da katako. Amma a zahiri, kowanne daga cikinsu bashi da nisa da kwamfutar tebur kamar wacce muke da ita a cikin gidanmu. Wataƙila wasu suna da microprocessors na musamman kamar su AMD EPYC, Intel Xeon, da sauransu, watakila suma suna da rumbun kwamfutoci da yawa da aka tsara a matsayin RAID don gujewa cewa idan ɗayansu ya faɗi, bayanin ya ɓace, amma kamar yadda na ce, kiyaye cewa su kwamfutoci ne kamar cewa kuna sarrafawa a yanzu, kuma zan gaya muku wannan saboda yanzu zanyi bayanin yadda zaku juya PC ɗinku zuwa cikin sabin uwar garke ...

Tabbas wadannan sabobin suna da nau'ikan da yawa, akwai wadanda suke bada sabis na gajimare, kamar ajiya, akwai wadanda suke bada sabis na imel, sabobin yanar gizo, wasu ma kawai ayyukan kamar DNS, NTP, DHCP, LDAP, da sauransu, ma'ana, duk na karshen suna da kyau zama dole kuma tabbas kuna amfani dasu kullun ba tare da sanin su ba, tunda ayyuka ne da wasu ISP (Mai ba da Intanet) ko mai ba da Intanet ke ba mu.

Menene shafin yanar gizo?

Yanar gizo akan na'urori daban-daban

Mun ambata a baya cewa wasu sabar yanar gizo, suna samarda tallatawa ko tallatawa shafukan yanar gizo. Shafin yanar gizo saiti ne na bayanan lantarki ko na dijital (HTML, PHP, CSS, ...) wanda zai iya ƙunsar rubutu kawai, ko kuma wasu abubuwan kamar aikace-aikacen gidan yanar gizo da aka rubuta a cikin wasu takamaiman yarukan shirye-shirye ko rubuce-rubuce (Perl, JavaScript, Ruby tare da RoR ko Ruby on Rails tsarin, PHP, da sauransu), abun ciki na kafofin watsa labaru (hotuna, bidiyo, sautuna, da sauransu), da kuma hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo waɗanda galibi ke jagorantarku zuwa wani wuri akan wannan shafin yanar gizon ko zuwa wani daban.

Kuma don wannan ya yiwu muna da sabar yanar gizo waɗanda ke karɓar su, ma'ana, tana adana duk waɗannan bayanan a kan rumbun kwamfutarsa, da kuma jerin ladabi na hanyar sadarwa kamar HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) da HTTPS (HTTP tare da takardar shaidar SSL / TLS). Wata software zata kula da wannan kamar yadda zamu koya muku daga baya, ma'ana, don aiwatar da haɗin bi-directional don abokin harka da kuma cewa zai iya yin amfani da shi ta hanyar abun ciki na hypertext, ma'ana, hanyoyin raba, haɗi da ma'amala da bayanin da ya dace da WWW (Yanar Gizon Duniya).

Ta yaya yake aiki?

Haɗin abokin ciniki-Server

Da kyau, mun riga mun san menene me gidan yanar gizo da sabar yanar gizo, aka bayyana ta hanyata kuma tare da sauƙin yare don kowa da kowa ya iya fahimtarsa, har ma waɗanda basu da ilimi game da wannan fasaha. Kuma yanzu na ci gaba da wannan ɓangaren wanda zan yi ƙoƙarin bayyana aiki na wannan tsarin sabar-uwar garken. Amma don wannan, da farko zan bambance tsakanin su biyun:

  • abokin ciniki: abokin ciniki shine mai amfani wanda ke samun damar gidan yanar gizon daga na'urar su, ya kasance kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, tebur, kwamfutar hannu, wayo, da sauransu Don samun dama, kawai kuna buƙatar haɗin Intanet da burauzar yanar gizo, babbar mahimmin software a gefen abokin ciniki wanda ke kula da nuna duk waɗannan abubuwan yanar gizon ta hanyar abokantaka da ba mai amfani damar mu'amala da shi. Kuma saboda wannan kawai zamu buƙaci adireshin shafin yanar gizo ko IP ..., duk da cewa kuna iya tunanin cewa ba koyaushe ake buƙatar wannan don samun dama ba, tunda akwai injunan bincike (misali: Google) cewa, ta hanyar kalmomin shiga, ba da damar nuna waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon cewa an lasafta shi, kuma kuna da gaskiya.
  • Sabis: Kamar yadda muka yi bayani, zai ƙunshi dukkan bayanai da kuma wata software da ke aiki a matsayin sabar, wato, tana ba wa abokin harka damar haɗawa don yin duk abin da suke buƙatar yi. Game da sabar yanar gizo zai kasance, misali, Apache, Lighttpd, da dai sauransu.

Ina so in nuna wani abu, kuma wannan shine kamar yadda kuka sani, adireshin IP Shine wanda yake gano wani inji da aka haɗa zuwa cibiyar sadarwa, a wannan yanayin zai zama IP na sabar yanar gizo. Akwai wasu ayyuka kamar wannan wannan yana nuna maka IP na shafin da kake so, misali, idan ka bincika google.es zai nuna maka IP ɗin da ya dace da sabar da aka shirya wannan sabis ɗin. Idan kayi kokarin shigar da wannan lambar a cikin adreshin adireshin gidan yanar sadarwar ka, zaka ga cewa duka ta hanyar shiga www.google.es kuma ka ce IP, a duka biyun zai nuna Google.

Me yasa nace haka? Da kyau saboda yana taimaka min haɗi da DNS sabobin. Waɗannan sabobin wasu sabis ne waɗanda ke ƙunshe da tebur tare da sunayen rukunin yanar gizo da kuma IP ɗin da ya dace, don haka lokacin da wani ya bincika adireshin da suna kuma ba ya amfani da IP, sabar ta sa mai binciken ya nuna abubuwan da aka faɗi na gidan yanar gizon. Ana yin wannan don sanya shi mai hankali ga mutane. Ba za mu iya tuna duk waɗannan lambobin ba da sauƙi, amma za mu iya tuna sunayen rukunin yanar gizon da muke so, dama?

Kuma na gama da tantance menene menene URL (Mai Sanya Kayan Kayayyaki) ko mai sanya kayan aiki daidai, wanda muke gani a saman sandar burauzan mu idan muka shiga yanar gizo. Misali, kaga cewa kayi rajistar yankin myweb.es. A wannan yanayin, wannan yankin zai zama naku kuma kuna iya amfani dashi don nuna shafin yanar gizonku. Ka yi tunanin cewa wani yana samun damar adireshin http://www.miweb.es/info/inicio.html#web:

  • http://: Yana nuna cewa muna samun dama ta amfani da yarjejeniyar HTTP, kodayake yana iya zama HTTPS, FTP, da sauransu. Amma a wannan yanayin shine farkon, saboda haka abun cikin yanar gizo ne.
  • Yanar Gizo: kun san daga Yanar Gizon Duniya ne.
  • may.shafin.ir: wannan shine yankin da kayi rajista, ma'ana, sunan da ya maye gurbin IP na sabar ko mai masaukin da ke dauke da gidan yanar gizon ka. Saboda haka, zai zama suna wanda yake gano sabar ko masarrafar, bayan duka ... Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi TLD (Top Level Domain) wanda a wannan yanayin shine .es, don gano cewa yanar gizo ce daga Spain, kodayake yana iya zama .se daga Sweden, .com daga kamfanin, .org Organization, da sauransu.
  • /info/home.html#web: wannan kawai yana bayyana cewa an sami wannan abun cikin, ma'ana, kundin adireshin bayanai kuma a ciki akwai fayil na home.html tare da rubutun kalmomin da kuma takamaiman ɓangaren web. Hakanan zai iya zama hoto, PDF, bidiyo, da dai sauransu. Kamar yadda yake faruwa a cikin mai sarrafa fayil ɗinka lokacin da kuka je wata hanya akan rumbun kwamfutarka na gida, dama?

Ina tsammanin cewa tare da wannan akwai isa bayyana aiki aka bayyana a hanya mai sauki.

Koyawa: gina sabar gidan yanar gizonku mataki-mataki

Yanar gizo ta Apache

Idan kana da GNU / Linux rarraba kowaneYa kamata ku sani cewa da zarar kun saita hanyar sadarwar ku da kyau, tunda baza ku iya samun IP mai ƙarfi ba, dole ne ya zama tsaye ko kuma idan ba haka ba zai canza ƙimar sa kuma zai fi wahalar shiga yanar gizo. Bugu da ƙari, ya kamata kuma ku kula idan kuna da katangar bango da aka saita tare da kayan aiki ko wasu software waɗanda babu wata doka da ta taƙaita canjawa ta tashar 80 ko 8080, da sauransu, kamar dai kuna da AppArmor ko SELinux, ya kamata su bar mai amfani ya yi aiki. daemon sabar yanar gizo, a wannan yanayin Apache.

Mataki na gaba shine shigar da software don aiwatar da sabar yanar gizon mu, a wannan yanayin Apache da sauran ƙarin fakiti don kammala LAMP, amma zai iya zama wani. A halin da nake ciki, daga Debian:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install apache2
sudo service apache2 restart
sudo apt-get install mysql-server php5-mysql
mysql -u root
mysql -u root -p (sin no introdujiste el password durante la instalación)
sudo apt-get install php libapache2-mod-php5 php5-mycrypt
sudo apt-get install php5-sqlite

Sannan zaka iya saita wasu sigogi daga sabar idan kuna buƙatarsa, ko wataƙila idan bata yi aiki ba kuma kun sami shafin da na nuna muku a hoto na baya, duba rajistan ayyukan saboda wani abu ya ɓace ... Af, kuna iya ganin wannan shafin ta hanyar isa ga burauzar gidan yanar gizon ku da saita localhost 127.0.0.1 .2 a cikin adireshin adireshin ko a tsaye IP ɗin da kuka saita don sabarku. Tsoffin tashoshin jiragen ruwa zasu kasance cikin /etc/apacheXNUMX/ports.conf idan kuna son canza su.

Idan kana so zaka iya girka wasu ƙarin kunshin, idan kuma kuna shirin samun uwar garken wasiku, ko wasu bangarorin daidaitawa kamar phpAdmin, da sauransu.

Gudanar da gidan yanar gizonku akan sabar

Ginin gidan yanar gizo

Da zarar mun shirya sabarmu, ka tuna cewa PC ɗin da kuka keɓe wa uwar garken dole ne ya kasance koyaushe ya kasance tare kuma an haɗa shi da hanyar sadarwar ta yadda yanar gizo za ta iya samun damar shiga daga kowace na'ura, in ba haka ba uwar garken zai zama "ƙasa". Yanzu muna da kawai dauki bakuncin gidan yanar gizon mu, cewa zamu iya kirkirar shi da kanmu ta hanyar amfani da HTML ko wasu lambobi, ko ma amfani da CMS kamar WordPress wanda ke kawo mana abubuwa mafi sauƙi kuma zamu iya karɓar bakuncin a wuri ɗaya ...

Kuma saboda wannan zamu yi shi a ciki da / var / www / html / directory cewa sai dai idan mun canza tsarin Apache, zai kasance a inda ake karɓar yanar gizo. Misali, zaku iya yin ɗan gwaji ta amfani da PHP ta ƙirƙirar fayil tare da editan rubutu da kuka fi so tare da abun ciki:

<?php phpinfo() ?>

Kira shi gwajin.php kuma yanzu, bayan sake kunna apem2 daemon, zaku iya ganin ko za'a iya samunta daga burauzan: 127.0.0.1/test.php.

Ina fatan wannan koyarwar ta taimaka muku kuma aƙalla ku ɗan fahimci yadda sabobin suke aiki, don haka yanzu duk lokacin da kuka shiga shafinmu don karanta wani abu na labarai, kun san duk abin da ke bayansa. Kar ka manta barin naka comentarios, shakku, ko shawarwari, ...


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  1. Wanda ke da alhakin bayanan: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Manufar bayanan: Sarrafa SPAM, sarrafa sharhi.
  3. Halacci: Yarda da yarda
  4. Sadarwar bayanan: Ba za a sanar da wasu bayanan ga wasu kamfanoni ba sai ta hanyar wajibcin doka.
  5. Ajiye bayanai: Bayanin yanar gizo wanda Occentus Networks (EU) suka dauki nauyi
  6. Hakkoki: A kowane lokaci zaka iyakance, dawo da share bayanan ka.

  1.   Pedro m

    Barka dai. Shin baku tunanin amfani da PHP 5 a cikin 2018 bashi da ma'ana sosai?

  2.   No Taipe m

    Hello.
    Ni mai farawa ne idan yazo ga sabobin.
    Menene ip ya kamata na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ta kasance?
    Abin da ip dole ne PC ɗin da ke aiki azaman saba
    Apache menene ip yakamata yayi?
    Shin jama'a suna gyara ip?

  3.   jupapo m

    Da karfin yarda Noe Taipe
    Ina neman bayanai don saita sabar gidan yanar gizo na Linux tsawon makonni da yawa kuma a duk wuraren tattaunawar sun sanya «dabaru» wanda ke aiki ne kawai a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta ciki ko ta gida kuma ina tsammanin burinku shi ne iya kafa sabar yanar gizo kuma wani zai iya ganinku a kowane lokaci a wani kwamfuta a bayan hanyar sadarwar ku a cikin wani birni, ƙasa, ...
    Na gudanar da yin sabar yanar gizo ta gan shi a kan hanyar sadarwar waje, wannan shine kawai ta hanyar sanya IP na jama'a da buɗe tashar jiragen ruwa a kan na'ura mai ba da hanya ta hanyar modem, na shigar da Bind9, don samun damar nuna yankin da aka ƙirƙira a kan hanyar sadarwarmu ta ciki kuma yana aiki daidai a kan hanyar sadarwata , amma ba zan iya samun bayanai kan yadda ake yin hakan ta hanyar Intanet ba kuma cewa mutane ba sa ip na ba sai yankin da aka kirkira kamar yadda suke yi, google, kasar, duniya, kotun Ingila,….
    Gaisuwa da fatan kuna samun bayanai game da shi.

  4.   1 m

    Ina kuma ƙoƙarin koyon yadda ake kafa sabar, amma abin da yake sha'awa shine yadda zan saita sabar don samarwa kuma har yanzu ban sami ingantaccen bayani ba.
    Idan baku magance matsalar ba har yanzu, ina baku shawara da ku kirkiri asusu a noip.com. Ka ƙirƙiri yanki kyauta, sanya ip ɗin jama'a kuma saita DDNS akan modem ɗinka. Na bar muku hanyar haɗi: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ijBQhn06CA
    Na gode.

  5.   GustavoIP m

    Godiya ga gudummawar, kawai na girka uwar garken LEMP kuma godiya ga shafin yanar gizonku tuni na sami ra'ayin yadda zan aiwatar da shafuka na na WEB, yanzu ku ɗan koya ɗan PHP ko HTML, wanda ya fi sauƙi a gare ni, kuma gaba.
    Na gode.

  6.   Fabian Ariel Wolf m

    Bada kalmomin ka na farko, kaga zaka yi koyawa-mataki-mataki koyawa marasa kwarewa kamar ni… ban yi kuskure ba.

  7.   Diego ramos m

    Ya yi min aiki sosai, na gode sosai.

  8.   miguel mala'ika silva m

    Yayi kyau wannan koyawa ...