Kev faib khoom

Index

1 Cov ntsiab lus dav dav
2 Kuv xaiv muab faib dabtsi?
3 Kuv twb xaiv, tam sim no kuv xav sim nws
4 Raws Li Debian
5 Raws li Ubuntu
6 Raws li cov kaus mom liab
7 Raws Li Cov Khoom Siv Hlawv
8 Mandriva-based
9 Independent
10 Lwm yam nthuav nthuav
11 Cov lus qhia teeb tsa ib qib zuj zus
12 Yuav ua li cas tom qab kev txhim kho ...?

Cov ntsiab lus dav dav

Rau cov neeg uas los ntawm kev siv Windows lossis Mac tej zaum nws yuav coj txawv txawv uas muaj ob peb "kev hloov kho" lossis "kev faib khoom" ntawm Linux. Nyob rau hauv Windows, piv txwv li, peb tsuas yog muaj qhov sau nqi ua ntej tshaj plaws (Cov Ntawv Hauv Lub Tsev), tus kws tshaj lij (Cov Ntawv Tshaj Lij) thiab ib qho rau cov siv (Server Edition). Nyob rau Linux, es tsis txhob muaj HUGE tus nqi ntawm kev faib tawm.

Txhawm rau kom nkag siab txog qhov kev faib tawm yog dab tsi, koj yuav tsum xub hais kom meej. Linux yog, thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho, lub sijhawm lossis Ntsiav operating system. Lub noob pob kws yog lub plawv ntawm txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm "sib kho" ntawm kev thov los ntawm cov programmes thiab kho vajtse. Qhov no ib leeg, yam tsis muaj lwm yam, yog qhov tsis tuaj kiag li. Qhov peb siv txhua txhua hnub yog, tseeb, Linux faib. Ntawd yog, cov ntsiav + txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem (neeg xa ntawv, chaw ua haujlwm automation, thiab lwm yam) uas tau thov rau cov kho vajtse los ntawm cov ntsiav.

Uas tau hais tias, peb tuaj yeem xav txog Linux kev faib tawm los ua LEGO tsev fuabtais, uas yog, txheej me me ntawm software: ib qho yog tus thawj tswj haujlwm ntawm booting lub cev, lwm tus muab peb nrog pom qhov muag pom, lwm tus yog coj ua "saib xyuas pom" los ntawm lub desktop, thiab lwm yam. Tom qab ntawd muaj cov neeg uas muab lawv cov khoom faib ua ke, tshaj tawm rau lawv, thiab tib neeg tuaj yeem rub tawm thiab sim lawv. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntawv no muaj, meej, hauv cov ntsiav lossis pob uas koj siv, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov kev pabcuam uas muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov haujlwm niaj hnub (system pib, desktop, lub qhov rais tswj, thiab lwm yam), teeb tsa ntawm txhua ntawm cov no cov khoos kas, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm "desktop programs" (chaw ua haujlwm automation, internet, sib tham, kho duab, thiab lwm yam) xaiv.

Kuv xaiv muab faib dabtsi?

Ua ntej koj pib, thawj qhov kev txiav txim siab txiav txim siab yog qhov twg Linux faib - lossis "distro" - siv. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam los rau hauv kev ua si thaum xaiv distro thiab nws tuaj yeem hais tias muaj ib qho rau txhua qhov kev xav tau (kev kawm, audio thiab video editing, kev ruaj ntseg, thiab lwm yam), qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaum koj pib yog xaiv ib qho distro uas yog "rau cov neeg pib", nrog lub dav dav thiab kev txhawb nqa hauv zej zog uas tuaj yeem pab koj daws koj cov kev tsis ntseeg thiab teeb meem thiab uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo.

Dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws cuam tshuam rau cov pib tshiab? Muaj qee qhov kev pom zoo hais txog qhov cuam tshuam xaiv tau rau cov neeg tshiab, ntawm lawv yog: Ubuntu (thiab nws cov remixes Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Lubuntu, thiab lwm yam), Linux Mint, PCLinuxOS, thiab lwm yam. Qhov no puas txhais tau tias lawv yog cov cuam tshuam zoo tshaj plaws? Tsis tau. Qhov ntawd yuav cia siv raws li ob qho koj xav tau (koj yuav siv lub system, koj lub tshuab dab tsi, thiab lwm yam) thiab koj lub peev xwm (yog tias koj yog tus kws tshaj lij lossis "pib tshiab" hauv Linux, thiab lwm yam).

Ntxiv rau koj cov kev xav tau thiab koj lub peev xwm muaj ob yam ntxiv uas yuav muaj tseeb cuam tshuam rau koj xaiv: lub desktop ib puag ncig thiab lub processor.

Processor: Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav rau "zoo meej distro" koj yuav pom tias cov kev faib tawm feem ntau tuaj hauv 2 version: 32 thiab 64 me me (tseem hu ua x86 thiab x 64). Qhov sib txawv tau ua nrog cov processor uas lawv txhawb nqa. Qhov kev xaiv uas yog yog nyob ntawm seb hom thiab qauv uas koj siv.

Feem ntau, cov kev xaiv nyab xeeb feem ntau yog rub tawm ntawm 32-ntsis version, txawm hais tias cov tshuab tshiab (nrog ntau cov txheej txheem niaj hnub no) tau txhawb nqa 64 ntsisCov. Yog tias koj sim faib 32-ntsis ntawm lub tshuab uas txhawb 64-ntsis, tsis muaj dab tsi tsis zoo, nws yuav tsis tawg, tab sis koj yuav tsis "tau tshaj tawm nws" (tshwj xeeb yog tias koj muaj ntau dua 2GB ntawm RAM).

Duab ib puag ncig: Qhov nrov tshaj plaws cuam tshuam tuaj, kom muab nws ntxig, kom sib txawv "flavors." Txhua ntawm cov qauv no siv qhov peb hu ua "desktop environment." Qhov no tsis muaj dab tsi tshaj li kev siv ntawm kev siv graphical user interface uas muaj cov nkag mus thiab teeb tsa cov chaw, cov ntawv thov pib, cov teebmeem ntawm lub qhov rais, cov tswj qhov rai, thiab lwm yam. Cov chaw uas nrov tshaj plaws yog GNOME, KDE, XFCE, thiab LXDE.

Yog li, piv txwv li, qhov paub zoo tshaj plaws "flavors" ntawm Ubuntu yog: tsoos Ubuntu (Kev sib sau), Kubuntu (Ubuntu + KDE), Xubuntu (Ubuntu + XFCE), Lubuntu (Ubuntu + LXDE), thiab lwm yam. Tib yam mus rau lwm qhov chaw faib nrov.

Kuv twb xaiv, tam sim no kuv xav sim nws

Zoo, ib zaug koj tau ua qhov kev txiav txim siab, nws tsuas yog mus rub tawm lub distro koj xav siv. Qhov no kuj tseem hloov tau muaj zog heev los ntawm Windows. Tsis yog, koj tsis tau ua txhaum txoj cai lossis koj tsis tas yuav mus rau cov kab ntawv txaus ntshai nplooj ntawv, koj tsuas yog mus rau ntawm nplooj ntawv nplooj ntawv ntawm lub distro koj nyiam, download tau ISO duab, koj theej nws rau CD / DVD lossis pendrive thiab txhua yam yog npaj los pib kuaj Linux. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm ntau qhov zoo ntawm dawb software.

Txhawm rau koj muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, Linux muaj qhov zoo tseem ceeb tshaj Windows: koj tuaj yeem sim yuav luag txhua qhov cuam tshuam tsis tas yuav tsum lwv koj cov kab ke tam sim no. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav ntau txoj hauv kev thiab qib sib txawv.

1. Nyob CD / DVD / USB- Qhov nrov tshaj plaws thiab txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los sim ib lub distro yog los ntawm rub tawm cov duab ISO los ntawm nws lub vev xaib, luam rau CD / DVD / USB stick thiab tom qab ntawd los khau raj ntawm qhov ntawd. Qhov no yuav tso cai koj kom koj khiav Linux ncaj qha los ntawm CD / DVD / USB yam tsis muaj lwv ib qho iota ntawm qhov system koj tau nruab. Tsis tas yuav nruab tus tsav tsheb lossis lwv ib yam dab tsi. Nws yog qhov yooj yim xwb.

Txhua yam koj yuav tsum tau ua yog: rub daim duab ISO ntawm cov distro uas koj nyiam tshaj plaws, hlawv mus rau CD / DVD / USB siv cov software tshwj xeeb, kho BIOS yog li nws khau raj los ntawm cov cuab yeej xaiv (CD / DVD lossis USB) thiab, thaum kawg, xaiv cov kev xaiv "Test distro X" lossis zoo sib xws uas yuav tshwm sim thaum pib.

Ntau tshaj cov neeg siv yuav txawm tsim a Nyob USBs multiboot, uas tso cai rau khau raj ob peb cuam tshuam los ntawm tib lub USB pas.

2. Tshuab virtual: Ib tshuab virtual yog ib daim ntawv thov uas tso cai rau peb khiav ib qho kev ua haujlwm sab hauv lwm qhov li nws yog qhov kev pab cuam sib txawv. Qhov no yog ua tau los ntawm kev tsim ntawm virtual version ntawm cov khoom siv kho vajtse; Hauv qhov no, ntau yam kev pab: ua tiav khoos phis tawm.

Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau siv rau kev sim ua rau lwm txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li yog tias koj nyob ntawm Windows thiab xav sim lub Linux distro lossis hloov ua lwm yam. Nws kuj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum peb yuav tsum tau khiav ib daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb uas tsuas yog muaj rau lwm qhov system uas peb tsis siv tsis tu ncua. Piv txwv, yog tias koj siv Linux thiab koj yuav tsum siv qhov program uas tsuas muaj rau Windows.

Muaj ntau ntau cov haujlwm rau lub hom phiaj no, uas tau nrog Virtual Box , VMWare y QEMU.

3. Muab khau raj dualThaum koj txiav txim siab txhim kho Linux, tsis txhob hnov qab tias nws ua tau rau nruab nws ua ke nrog koj cov kab ke tam sim no, yog li thaum koj pib lub tshuab nws nug koj qhov system uas koj xav tau pib nrog. Txoj kev no yog hu ua khau raj dual khau raj.

Yog xav paub ntxiv txog Linux kev faib tawm, Kuv pom zoo kom nyeem cov kab lus no:

Wikipedia: Linux faib khoom.
Wikipedia: Sau cov Linux xa tuaj.

Cov lus qhia dhau los ua ntej pom qee qhov ntxhov siab.

{} = Tshawb cov ntsiab ntsig txog qhov cuam tshuam no uas siv lub tshuab tshawb xyuas blog.
{} = Mus rau nplooj ntawv ntawm tus distro.

Raws Li Debian

DebianCov. {} {}: pom los ntawm nws txoj kev ruaj ntseg thiab ruaj khov. Nws tuaj yeem hais tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cuam tshuam, txawm hais tias niaj hnub no nws tsis nrov li qee qhov ntawm nws cov keeb kwm (Ubuntu, piv txwv). Yog tias koj xav siv qhov hloov tshiab dhau los ntawm tag nrho koj cov kev pab cuam, qhov no tsis yog koj li distro. Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias koj saib kev ruaj khov, tsis muaj kev poob siab: Debian yog rau koj.
mepisCov. {} {}: tsom rau kev txhim kho thiab yooj yim tsim cov qauv Debian. Koj tuaj yeem hais tias lub tswv yim zoo heev rau Ubuntu, tab sis tsis muaj "ntus" ntau heev los ntawm kev ruaj ntseg thiab ruaj ntseg uas Debian muaj.
Pob Kuas TuagCov. {} {}: knoppix los ua nrov heev li nws yog ib qho ntawm thawj cuam tshuam kom tso cai ncaj qha los ntawm cd tawm. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias muaj peev xwm khiav qhov kev khiav haujlwm tsis tas nruab nws. Niaj hnub no, cov haujlwm no muaj nyob hauv yuav luag txhua qhov loj hauv Linux. Knoppix tseem yog ib qho kev xaiv nthuav zoo li cawm CD ntawm txhua qhov xwm txheej.
thiab ntau qhov ntxiv ...

Raws li Ubuntu

UbuntuCov. {} {}: Nws yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau ntawm lub sijhawm. Nws tau txais lub koob meej vim tias, ib lub sijhawm dhau los lawv tau xa koj cov CD dawb rau koj lub tsev nrog lub kaw lus rau koj sim. Nws kuj dhau los ua neeg nyiam heev vim hais tias nws lub tswv yim yog los ntawm kev ua "Linux rau tib neeg", sim coj Linux los ze rau ntawm cov neeg siv desktop thiab tsis yog rau "geeks" programmer. Nws yog qhov zoo distro rau cov neeg nyuam qhuav pib tawm.
Linux zoo duaCov. {} {}: vim yog muaj teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog patents thiab lub tswv yim ntawm cov software dawb nws tus kheej, Ubuntu tsis tuaj los ntawm lub neej ntawd nrog qee qhov codecs thiab cov programmes nruab. Lawv tuaj yeem muab cov ntawv yooj yim, tab sis yuav tsum muab ntsia thiab teeb tsa. Vim li ntawd, Linux Mint tau yug los, uas twb los nrog txhua yam "los ntawm lub hoobkas". Nws yog qhov pom zoo tshaj plaws rau distro rau cov uas nyuam qhuav pib ntawm Linux.
KubuntuCov. {} {}: Nws yog tus Ubuntu variant tab sis nrog KDE desktop. Lub desktop no zoo li Win 7, yog li koj nyiam nws, koj yuav nyiam Kubuntu.
XubuntuCov. {} {}: Nws yog tus Ubuntu variant tab sis nrog XFCE desktop. Lub desktop no muaj lub koob npe nrov rau kev siv cov khoom siv tsawg dua li GNOME (lub neej ntawd hauv Ubuntu) thiab KDE (lub neej ntawd hauv Kubuntu). Txawm hais tias qhov no tau muaj tseeb thaum xub thawj, nws tsis yog li ntawd.
EdubuntuCov. {} {}: Nws yog tus Ubuntu variant qhia kom paub txog qhov chaw kawm.
ThaubCov. {} {}: cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg, tes hauj lwm thiab tshuab cawm.
gNewSenseCov. {} {}: nws yog ib qho ntawm "tsis pub dawb" cuam tshuam, raws li tus FSF.
Ubuntu StudioCov. {} {}: distro oriented mus rau kev tshaj lij multimedia kho kom raug ntawm audio, video thiab duab.Yog koj yog tshuab raj, qhov no yog distro zoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, txawm li cas los xij suab paj nruag.
thiab ntau qhov ntxiv ...

Raws li cov kaus mom liab

liab cov kaus momCov. {} {}: Nov yog hom lag luam tawm raws li Fedora. Txawm hais tias tsab ntawv tshiab ntawm Fedora tuaj tawm txhua txhua 6 lub hlis lossis dhau ntawd, RHEL cov ntawv feem ntau tuaj tawm txhua txhua 18 txog 24 hlis. RHEL muaj cov kev pabcuam ntxiv rau tus nqi uas nws lub hauv paus kev lag luam (kev txhawb nqa, kev cob qhia, kev sab laj, daim ntawv pov thawj, thiab lwm yam).
FedoraCov. {} {}: hauv nws pib los ntawm Red Hat, nws lub xeev tam sim no tau hloov pauv thiab qhov tseeb hnub no Red Hat txau lossis cia siab ntau lossis ntau dua li Fedora los ntawm Rad Hat. Nws yog ib qho ntawm feem nrov cuam tshuam, txawm hais tias tsis ntev los no nws tau plam ntau cov thwjtim ntawm txhais tes ntawm Ubuntu thiab nws cov lus qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem paub tias Fedora cov neeg tsim khoom tau ua ntau qhov kev txhawb nqa software dawb feem ntau tshaj li Ubuntu cov tsim tawm (uas tau tsom ntau rau kev pom, tsim qauv thiab teeb meem zoo nkauj).
CentOSCov. {} {}: Qhov no yog qib binary qib tus thawj lub kaus mom Liab Linux RHEL Linux faib, suav los ntawm cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb los ntawm cov cai tso tawm los ntawm Red Hat.
Kev Linux. {} {}: cuam tshuam rau txoj kev tshawb fawb. Nws yog tswj los ntawm CERN thiab Fermilab Physics laboratories.
thiab ntau qhov ntxiv ...

Raws Li Cov Khoom Siv Hlawv

SlackwareCov. {} {}: Nws yog tus hlob Linux tshaj tawm uas siv tau. Nws tau tsim nrog ob lub hom phiaj hauv siab: yooj yim ntawm kev siv thiab ruaj khov. Nws yog qhov nyiam ntawm ntau "geeks", txawm hais tias niaj hnub no nws tsis nrov heev.
zenwalk linuxCov. {} {}: Nws yog qhov teeb pom kev zoo heev, pom zoo rau cov compus laus thiab tsom mus rau Is Taws Nem, cov xov xwm tshaj tawm thiab cov cuab yeej sau ua ke.
Linux VectorCov. {} {}: Nov yog qhov distro uas tau txais lub koob npe nrov. Nws ua raws slackware, uas ua rau nws muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov, thiab koom nrog ntau cov cuab yeej nthuav dav ntawm nws tus kheej.
thiab ntau qhov ntxiv ...

Mandriva-based

MandrivaCov. {} {}: Pib raws li Red Hat. Nws lub hom phiaj zoo ib yam li Ubuntu: nyiam cov neeg siv tshiab rau hauv lub ntiaj teb Linux los ntawm kev muab qhov yooj yim-rau-siv thiab intuitive system. Hmoov tsis zoo, teeb meem nyiaj txiag ntawm lub tuam txhab tom qab qhov teeb meem no ua rau nws poob koob meej ntau.
MageiaCov. {} {}: Hauv xyoo 2010, ib pawg ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm qub Mandriva, nrog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov neeg zej zog, tshaj tawm tias lawv tau tsim lub rawg ntawm Mandriva Linux. Ib txoj kev faib khoom tshiab hauv zej zog hu ua Mageia tau tsim.
PC Linux OSCov. {} {}: raws li Mandriva, tab sis tam sim no deb heev ntawm nws. Nws tau txais cov khoom nrov heev. Nws koom nrog ntau tus kheej cov cuab yeej (installer, thiab lwm yam).
Lub me meCov. {} {}: Qhov no yog Linux mini-faib raws li ntawm PCLinuxOS, uas yog tsom rau cov kho vajtse qub.
thiab ntau qhov ntxiv ...

Independent

OpenSUSECov. {} {}: Nov yog dawb version ntawm SUSE Linux Enterprise, muaj los ntawm Novell. Nws yog ib qho nrov tshaj plaws cuam tshuam, txawm hais tias nws tab tom poob hauv av.
Puppy LinuxCov. {} {} - Nws tsuas yog 50 MB hauv qhov loj me, tab sis tseem tseem muab lub siab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Pom zoo tiag tiag rau cov qub compus.
Arch LinuxCov. {} {}: Nws lub tswv yim yog kho thiab kho txhua yam los ntawm txhais tes. Lub tswv yim yog los tsim koj qhov system "los ntawm kos", uas txhais tau tias kev teeb tsa yog qhov nyuaj ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, ib zaug riam phom nws yog qhov ceev, ruaj khov thiab muaj zog zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog "dov tawm" distro uas txhais tau tias cov hloov tshiab mus tas li thiab nws tsis tas yuav mus los ntawm ib qho loj version mus rau lwm yam xws li hauv Ubuntu thiab lwm yam cuam tshuam. Pom zoo rau geeks thiab cov neeg xav kawm qhov Linux ua haujlwm.
GentooCov. {} {}: yog tsom rau cov neeg siv nrog qee cov kev paub hauv cov kab ke ua haujlwm no.
Sabayon (raws li Gentoo) {} {}: Sabayon Linux txawv ntawm Gentoo Linux hauv qhov uas koj tuaj yeem ua tiav kev teeb tsa ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis tas yuav sau txhua pob khoom los ua nws li. Qhov kev pib thawj zaug ua tiav siv cov khoom siv rau kev npaj ua ntej binary.
Me quav Linux. { {}: zoo kawg nkaus distro rau cov laus compus.
watts. {} {}: "ntsuab" distro tsom hauv kev txuag lub zog.
HlaisCov. {} {}: "teeb" distro. Nthuav rau cov compus qub.
thiab ntau qhov ntxiv ...

Lwm yam nthuav nthuav

Cov lus qhia teeb tsa ib qib zuj zus

Yuav ua li cas tom qab kev txhim kho ...?

Yog xav pom ntau cuam tshuam (raws li qhov muaj koob npe qeb duas) | Tshaj tawm
Kom pom tag nrho cov ntawv txuas nrog cuam tshuam \ {}