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Lucain, PA losindikizidwa kanthawi kapitako maphunziro abwino pa cron ndi crontab zomwe ndikuganiza kuti ndizoyenera kugawana nawo. Cron ndi mtundu wofanana ndi Ntchito Zokonzedwa mu Windows, chokhacho chimayendetsedwa kuchokera ku terminal. Iwo amene amakonda mawonekedwe owoneka kuti akwaniritse cholinga chomwecho, amatha kuwona izi nkhani ina. |
Zotsatira
Kodi cron ndi chiyani?
Dzinalo cron limachokera ku Greek chronos kutanthauza "nthawi." Mu kachitidwe ka Unix, cron ndi woyang'anira masanjidwe oyambira (daemon) omwe amayendetsa njira kapena zolemba pafupipafupi (mwachitsanzo, miniti iliyonse, tsiku, sabata, kapena mwezi). Njira zomwe zikuyenera kuchitidwa komanso nthawi yomwe akuyenera kuchitidwa zafotokozedwa mu fayilo ya crontab.
Momwe ikugwirira ntchito
Daemon ya cron imayamba kuchokera /etc/rc.d/ o /etc/init.d kutengera magawidwe. Cron amathamangira kumbuyo, amayang'ana tebulo la crontab mphindi iliyonse / etc / crontab kapena / var / spool / cron pakusaka ntchito zoti zichitike. Monga wogwiritsa ntchito titha kuwonjezera malamulo kapena zolemba ndi ntchito kuti cron isinthe njira zina. Izi ndizothandiza mwachitsanzo kusinthitsa zosintha zadongosolo kapena njira yabwino yosungira zinthu.
Kodi Crontab ndi chiyani?
Crontab ndi fayilo yosavuta yosunga mndandanda wamalamulo omwe akuyenera kuchitidwa panthawi yomwe wogwiritsa ntchito walemba. Crontab adzawonetsetsa tsiku ndi nthawi yomwe script kapena lamulo liyenera kukhazikitsidwa, zilolezo zakupha ndipo zichitika kumbuyo. Wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi fayilo yake ya crontab, makamaka / etc / crontab imaganiziridwa kuti ndi fayilo ya crontab ya ogwiritsa ntchito, pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito wamba (ngakhale mizu) amafuna kupanga fayilo yawo ya crontab kenako tidzagwiritsa ntchito lamulo la crontab.
Crontab ndiyo njira yosavuta yosamalirira ntchito za cron pamakina ogwiritsa ntchito angapo, mwina monga wosuta wosavuta kapena wogwiritsa ntchito mizu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito crontab
Tikuyamba ndi chitsanzo chosavuta.
Tidzasintha machitidwe, kuti tithetse zokhumudwitsa za "Nthawi zonse ndimayenera kusintha ndipo sindimakonda izo!"
Choyamba tidzapanga script. Tsamba ili lidzatchedwa cron ndipo lidzakhala ndi malangizo onse omwe tikufuna kuti achite, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyesa kangapo komanso m'njira zingapo musanaphatikizepo ndi cron, zolemba zosavuta monga izi:
#! / bin / bash #script update example # sankhani kugawa kwanu # debian-ubuntu # apt-get update & apt-get -y upgrade #fedora #yum -yasintha #Arch #pacman --noconfirm -Syu
Chotsani # kuchokera pamzere wanu wa distro. Ngati ndi Ubuntu / Debian, imayamba ndi kupeza bwino.
Timasunga script ngati update.sh (mwachitsanzo zolembera nyumba yanu). Timasintha zilolezo zakupanga script ndi:
chmod a + x ~ / scripts / update.sh
Timayendetsa script kangapo kuti titsimikizire kuti chilichonse chikuyenda bwino, timasintha zofunikira (siziyenera kukhala ndi zolakwika, apo ayi cron imangobwereza cholakwika mobwerezabwereza). Tsopano kuwonjezera ntchitoyi ku crontab yathu.
Onjezani ntchito ku crontab
Timakhazikitsa mtundu wa crontab ndi crontab -e, m'ma distros ena (monga Ubuntu) zimatipatsa mwayi wosankha mkonzi yemwe tikufuna, otsalafe omwe tili nawo vi. Fayilo ya crontab iwoneka ngati iyi.
# mh dom mon dow lamulo la wogwiritsa ntchito
pati:
- m ikufanana ndi miniti yomwe scriptyo ichitike, kuchuluka kwake kuyambira 0 mpaka 59
- h nthawi yeniyeni, mawonekedwe a maola 24 amasamalidwa, zikhalidwezo kuyambira 0 mpaka 23, pomwe 0 kukhala 12:00 pakati pausiku.
- ufumu amatanthauza tsiku la mwezi, mwachitsanzo mutha kutchula 15 ngati mukufuna kuthamanga masiku 15 aliwonse
- dow amatanthauza tsiku la sabata, limatha kukhala manambala (0 mpaka 7, pomwe 0 ndi 7 ndi Lamlungu) kapena zilembo zitatu zoyambirira za tsikulo mu Chingerezi: mon, tue, wed, thu, fri, sat, sun.
- wosuta amatanthauzira wosuta yemwe angachite lamulolo, atha kukhala mizu, kapena wosuta wina bola atakhala ndi chilolezo cholemba script.
- lamulo limatanthawuza lamulo kapena njira yeniyeni yolemba kuti ichitidwe, mwachitsanzo: /home/usuario/script/actualizar.sh, ngati itayitanitsa script iyenera kuchitidwa
Kuti tiwone bwino zitsanzo zochepa za ntchito za cron zomwe zafotokozedwa:
15 10 * * * wosuta /home/user/script/update.sh
Idzakhala ndi script ya update.sh nthawi ya 10:15 m'mawa tsiku lililonse
15 22 * * * wosuta /home/user/script/update.sh
Idzakhala ndi script ya update.sh nthawi ya 10:15 pm tsiku lililonse
00 10 * * 0 muzu woyenera-kupeza -kusintha Muzu wosuta
Idzakhala zosintha Lamlungu lililonse pa 10:00 am
45 10 * * mizu ya dzuwa ikuyenera-kupeza -kusintha
Wogwiritsa ntchito Muzu amayendetsa zosintha Lamlungu lililonse (Dzuwa) ku 10: 45am
30 7 20 11 * wosuta /home/usuario/script/update.sh
Pa Novembala 20 nthawi ya 7:30 wosuta adzalemba script
30 7 11 11 wogwiritsa ntchito dzuwa /home/usuario/script/pastel_con_velitas.sh
Pa Novembala 11 nthawi ya 7:30 m'mawa ndipo ndi Lamlungu, wogwiritsa ntchito azikondwerera sysadmin yake (ndiye ine)
01 * * * * wosuta /home/user/script/molestorecordatorio.sh
Chikumbutso chokhumudwitsa mphindi iliyonse ya ola lililonse tsiku lililonse (OSAKONZEDWE).
Zitha kuthandizidwa magulu apadera:
30 17 * * 1,2,3,4,5
Pa 5:30 masana tsiku lililonse kuyambira Lolemba mpaka Lachisanu.
00 12 1,15,28 * *
Nthawi ya 12 koloko masana, tsiku la 28 ndi la XNUMX mwezi uliwonse (zabwino zolipira)
Ngati izi ndizosokoneza, crontab imagwira zingwe zapadera zofotokozera magawo awa.
@reboot Kuthamanga kamodzi, poyambira
@yearly amathamanga kamodzi pachaka: 0 0 1 1 *
@mtundu uliwonse monga @yearly
@monthly amathamanga kamodzi pamwezi, tsiku loyamba: 0 0 1 * *
@weekly Weekly miniti yoyamba ya ora loyamba la sabata. 0 0 * * 0 ″.
@daily tsiku lililonse, nthawi ya 12:00 AM 0 0 * * *
@midnight chimodzimodzi @daily
@hourly mphindi yoyamba pa ola lililonse: 0 * * * *
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake ndikosavuta.
@hourly user /home/user/scripts/molestorecordatorio.sh @monthly user /home/user/script/backup.sh @daily muzu muzitha kupeza zosintha && apt-get -y Mokweza
Chomaliza koma osati chosafunikira:
Kusamalira ntchito
fayilo ya crontab
Sinthani fayilo ya crontab yomwe idalipo kale ndi fayilo yosinthidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito
crontab -e
Sinthani fayilo ya crontab ya wogwiritsa ntchito, mzere uliwonse watsopano udzakhala ntchito yatsopano ya crontab.
crontab -l
Lembani ntchito zonse za crontab za wogwiritsa ntchito
crontab -d
Chotsani crontab ya wogwiritsa ntchito
crontab -c chinsinsi
Limatanthauzira chikwatu cha wosuta cha crontab (izi ziyenera kukhala ndi zolemba za wogwiritsa ntchito ndikuchita zilolezo)
crontab -u wosuta
choyambirira chogwirira crontab ya wogwiritsa ntchito, zitsanzo:
$ sudo crontab -l -u mizu $ sudo crontab -e wosuta2 #crontab -d -u wosuta
Chida ichi, monga ena ambiri, chitha kuwonedwa mozama komanso mwatsatanetsatane mu:
Ndemanga za 48, siyani anu
Ugh ... zosokoneza pang'ono.
* / 30 ikusowa (m'munda wamaminiti) yomwe imachitika mphindi 30 zilizonse ...
Basi izi ndimati ndiyankhe mpaka nditaganiza zowunikiranso ndemanga zawo
Kusintha uku ndi chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri komanso china chake chothandiza kwambiri.
Hello!
Pakadali pano ndikuyesa kasinthidwe mphindi 45 zilizonse.
* / 45 * * * *, ndipo malangizowo amaperekedwa mphindi 45 pa ola lililonse NDI ola lililonse. Izi zikutanthauza:
Imayamba nthawi ya 3:45, kenako 4:00, 4:45, kenako 5:00, 5:45, 6:00, 6:45, ndi zina zambiri.
Kodi ndingatani kuti ndizipanga mphindi 45 zilizonse, kapena kamodzi pamphindi 45 ola lililonse.
Hello!
Pakadali pano ndikuyesa kasinthidwe mphindi 45 zilizonse.
* / 45 * * * *, ndipo malangizowo amaperekedwa mphindi 45 pa ola lililonse NDI ola lililonse. Izi zikutanthauza:
Imayamba nthawi ya 3:45, kenako 4:00, 4:45, kenako 5:00, 5:45, 6:00, 6:45, ndi zina zambiri.
Kodi ndingatani kuti ndizipanga mphindi 45 zilizonse, kapena kamodzi pamphindi 45 ola lililonse.
Moni ndiwothandiza kwambiri pofotokozera momwe cron imagwirira ntchito.
Zolemba
chifukwa *
Chabwino, zikomo pofotokozera momwe cron imagwirira ntchito .. tiyeni tiike dzanja pang'ono 🙂
Mzerewu momwe ndikumvetsetsa ukhala nthawi ya 10:15 pm, ndikonzeni ndikalakwitsa
Apa akuti 10:15 am
15 22 * * * wosuta /home/user/script/update.sh
Moni! uthenga wabwino kwambiri.
Kuti muchite script pakadutsa theka la ola, mzere womwe uyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku CronTab ukhoza kukhala: "30 * * * * root Scrip.sh" Zolondola? Zikomo kwambiri!
Ayi. Ngati ndikukumbukira bwino, chifukwa chake muyenera kuyika / 30 * * * * muzu Scrip.sh.
Ndiye kuti, onjezani / isanakwane 30.
Limbikitsani! Paulo.
Moni, ndidakonda tsamba lanu, ndi lathunthu koma ndikufuna kukufunsani kena kake.
Ndikukumana ndi mavuto ndi lamuloli ndipo wina wonga "at".
Ndikufuna kuyendetsa script nthawi inayake ndikuyika
at -f /home/mi_user/Desktop/script.sh 18:08 chitsanzo
ndipo zolembedwazo sizikuchitika pazenera, ndiye kuti, mu terminal, kodi zimachitika kumbuyo?
Ndipo ndi cron zomwezi zimandichitikira, ndimasintha fayilo ya crontab ndi "crontab -e"
kumapeto ndikuwonjezera mzerewu:
46 19 my_user /home/mi_user/Desk/script.sh
ndipo sichichita kalikonse, sikuwonetsa zolembedwazo.
Malingaliro aliwonse? Zikomo kwambiri ndikupepesa chifukwa cha zovuta zina
Kuti terminal iwoneke, mungafunikire kuyendetsa otsirizawo ndikudutsa script ngati parameter.
Mwachitsanzo:
lxterminal -e "my_user /home/my_user/Desk/script.sh"
Chomwe mungagwiritse ntchito chimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera emulator yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti imagwira ntchito.
Kukumbatirana! Paulo.
Choperekacho chimayamikiridwa.
Mfundo 10 !!
salu2!!
Zikomo kwambiri, zandithandiza kwambiri kufotokoza zina mwazinthu, zikomo kwathunthu, kuti mumve zambiri kapena mafunso ndikapita ku MAN PAGE, ndikuperekanso moni.
Amalume zikomo kwambiri, ndakhala ndikuwerenga ndikuyesa zitsanzozo. zikomo kwambiri ... ndizomveka. Limbikitsani
Ndinagwiritsa ntchito Ubuntu Server 12.04.2 LTS, ndi mtundu wa crontab womwe ndili nawo, kuchotsa mndandanda wa ntchito za wogwiritsa ntchito, crontab -r (ndi -l, monga bukuli likunenera). Zachidziwikire ndi funso lamitundu.
Kumbali inayi, nthawi ina ndimangothamanga crontab yokha ndipo mtundu uwu wondilola kuti ndipange fayilo yanga yakupha, koma siomwe anali kuphedwa. Yemwe amathamanga ndi omwe ali mu / etc / crontab. mwina wina adzagwiritsa ntchito ndemanga.
PS (Ndidasanthula ndikupezeka ndi komwe kuli crontab koma imangobweza adilesi yomwe yatchulidwayi ndi fayilo ina yomwe imasungidwa, kotero ngati amene waphedwa anali mu / etc / crontab, koma popanga crontab -e command, yanga ikanatero Zikuwoneka ndi ntchito zonse zomwe ndidafotokoza) fayilo iyi inali kusungidwa kuti '???? Anayankha Nthawi zonse ndimalowa ndi mizu.
Zabwino, zothandiza kwambiri !!!
Moni, ndikufuna kuchita izi …………………………………
ndiye kuti nthawi ina khadi yapaintaneti imazimitsidwa …………, ndidayiyika mu crontab ndipo sinagwire …… .. chachitika ndi chiyani?
Moni ndi zikomo
Munaphonya kutanthauzira "mon" pambuyo pa mutu wakuti "Onjezani ntchito ku crontab"
Nkhaniyi ndiyabwino, cron ndiyothandiza kwambiri.
Momwe uthenga wabwino unaliri wabwino, ndikufunseni
Ngati ndikufuna kutsatira zolemba zomwe zatsala ndi ntchito, ndiziwona kuti?
is decdir Ndikufuna kuwona mbiri yazomwe zachitika m'mbuyomu fayiloyi ndipo ndikufuna kuwona yemwe yasintha ndi tsikulo
gracias
Ndikufuna kuwunika mbiri yakusinthidwa kwa izi
ndingathe bwanji
gracias
Mmawa wabwino,
Ndikuganiza kuti mu ubuntu mwalakwitsa, mwaika ap-pezani-kukweza m'malo moyenera-kukweza. (Mudasiya t).
Zikomo.
Chomwechonso. Zikomo!
Kukumbatirana! Paulo
Ndikufuna kudziwa momwe ndingapangire fayilo ya cron kuti nditha kutchula nthawi iliyonse ikamachitika, chikwatu, ndi zina zambiri.
Tithokoze chifukwa chofotokozera magwiridwe antchito ndi malamulo oyambira cron, tsopano kuti musangalatse pang'ono.
Nthawi zonse ndikafuna kudziwa zambiri pamutu uliwonse wokhudzana ndi Gnu / Linux, ndimazungulira ndikupeza mwa 90% yamilandu yophunzitsira yabwino kwambiri mdera lalikululi, ndikuganiza kuti kuyambira pano ndiyambira apa ndi kwina.
zonse
Zikomo Sander! Kukumbatirana! Paulo.
dom = tsiku la mwezi
dow = tsiku la sabata
ndikosavuta ngati mumayanjana
Zikomo kwambiri, kwathunthu komanso kufotokozedwa bwino.
Izi ndizofanana ndi zomwe aphunzitsi anga a Operating Systems adatipatsa, sindisintha kalikonse, tsopano ndawona chifukwa chomwe kalasi ili loipa kwambiri.
Zikuyerekeza,
Funso, kodi nthawi yayitali yantchito ingachepetse?
Mwachitsanzo ndili ndi ntchito yomwe imabwereza mphindi zisanu zilizonse, kubwereza ngati ntchitoyi ikugwirabe ntchito, ipheni ndikuyambiranso.
Zikomo,
Alireza.
Moni, Marcelo!
Ndikuganiza kuti zingakhale bwino ngati mungayankhe funso ili pamafunso athu ndi mayankho omwe ayitanidwa Funsani Kuchokera ku Linux kuti gulu lonse likuthandizireni pamavuto anu.
Kukumbatira, Pablo.
uthenga wabwino.
Kodi lamulo pa terminal iliyonse kuti muwonjezere ntchito ku crontab (osalowamo crontab ndikuwonjezeranso pamanja ndi 'crontab -e' kapena m'malo mwa crontab ndi crontab ina yokhala ndi 'crontab file').
Lingaliro ndikupanga zolemba zakunja kuti ziziwonjezera ntchito ku crontab
Gracias
zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito 'echo' chilichonse chomwe mukufuna kuwonjezera '| mphaka >> 'cronotab njira (/ etc / cronotab)' «
Kodi mawu amayenda bwanji masiku atatu aliwonse ndendende
Moni.
Ndili ndi vuto kupanga ntchito ya cron.
Ndimagwira ntchito yotsatirayi ndi cronta -e:
01 * * * * muzu /home/user/script/mfile.sh
koma ntchitoyi sinathe. Ndatsimikizira kuti myfile.sh ili ndi chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito ndikuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ndi muzu.
Ndimagwira ntchito yomweyo mu / etc / crontab ndipo nditayambitsanso ntchitoyi, sizimandithandizanso.
Zomwe zili mu myfile.sh ndi lamulo lomwe limasinthira DB ndipo ndikayendetsa mu console imagwira ntchito.
lingaliro lililonse lomwe lingakhale vuto?
Zotheka kuti wogwiritsa ntchito nkhokweyo alibe zilolezo zonse ndipo muyenera kuyamba kutumizira zosintha zachilengedwe kuchokera ku injini yanu.
Mwachitsanzo mu db2 mzerewu upita kumayambiriro kwa script
. / nyumba / db2inst1 / sqllib / db2profile
Chifukwa china chikhoza kukhala kuti script imafuna kulumikizidwa ndi nkhokwe, kulumikizana ndi database yomwe ili mkati mwa script
Sindinadziwe kuti ndiyenera kuyambiranso kanyumba kameneka, ndinali ndikulimbana ndi izi kwakanthawi
Adziwa momwe angawonetsere kuti ntchitoyi ikuchitika kumapeto kwa mwezi, nthawi yomwe ikufotokozedwa .. mwatsatanetsatane ndikuti sindingakwaniritse momwe ndikudziwira kuti zimatenga tsiku lomaliza mwezi uliwonse .. ?? Ndinayenera kuzilemba chimodzi ndi chimodzi koma pakutha kwa mwezi wa February kuti ndi biciesto zimandivuta ..
tsiku labwino!!
Kodi ndingaletse bwanji njira yomwe ikuchitika mu crontab?
njira * …………
Kodi mwina mungandithandizire? eu tenho um script wolemba minha wolemba zomwe sizigwira ntchito crontab! Jб dei zilolezo zonse, osati cron kapena wogwiritsa ntchito yemwe sangachite - palibe chomwe chimachitika! Ndikufuna kudziwa ngati mungandithandizire, zinthu zina sizigwira ntchito cron! Vlws
Kodi mungayike bwanji ntchito tsiku lililonse lomaliza la mwezi (masiku: 31-30-28)?
Monga mukudziwa kale, su su imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha wosuta mu kontrakitala. Ngati ndigwiritsa ntchito lamulo su motere: "wosuta" asinthe wogwiritsa ntchito koma osasintha "wosuta", ngati ndingayendetse ngati: "su - wosuta" sintha wosuta potsegula zosintha za wogwiritsa ntchito. Ndi cron ndikuwonetsa wogwiritsa ntchito, koma ndimatsitsa bwanji zosintha za wogwiritsa ntchito?
Ndipo ngati ndikufuna kuyimitsa?
moni,
Sindikudziwa zomwe ndikulakwitsa, koma ndimatsatira njira ndipo palibe chomwe chimachitika. Ndayesera:
59 * * * * / usr / bin / gedit
* * * * * / usr / bin / gedit
* * * * * muzu / usr / bin / gedit
* * * * * usr / bin / test.sh
* * * * * muzu usr / bin / test.sh
ndipo palibe konse. Sichichita chilichonse. Ndayambiranso zonse.
Muchas gracias