DNS ndi DHCP potsegukaSUSE 13.2 "Harlequin" - SMB Networks

Chizindikiro chonse cha mndandanda: Ma Network Networks a ma SME: Mau Oyamba

Cholinga chachikulu cha nkhaniyi ndikuwonetsa momwe tingakwaniritsire a Seva ya DNS ndi DHCP yotseguka pogwiritsa ntchito chida chake chosinthira YaST, ndi zonse -kapena pafupifupi- kudzera mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino.

Tikukulonjezani kukhazikitsa kwathunthu kudzera pa mawonekedwe owonekera, kupatula -Malamulo aliwonse amakhala ndi zosiyana, sichoncho?- ya matonthozo kuti muwone momwe awiriwo amagwirira ntchito Bind9 + ISC-DHCP-Seva, yokonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito YaST - Chida Chinanso Chokhazikitsira chomwe ndi zida zabwino kwambiri zowongolera mapulogalamu ndi kasinthidwe kachitidwe.

Ntchito yoyamba -ndipo yofunikira kwambiri pamakhalidwe athu- yomwe iyenera kuchitidwa mu SME Network, ndiyo ntchito DNS - DHCP. Ngati sitikufuna kukonza pamanja magawo amtundu uliwonse wa malo ogwirira ntchito, sitiyenera kuchita popanda ntchito ya DHCP, monga tafotokozera pambuyo pake. Palinso nthawi yothandizira kapena NTP.

DNS: maziko

Mu Epulo 2013 tidasindikiza mu KuchokeraLinux zolemba zingapo za 5 zoperekedwa kukhazikitsa DNS yoyamba pa Debian:

• Master Master DNS ya LAN pa Debian 6.0 (I)
• Master Master DNS ya LAN pa Debian 6.0 (II)
• Master Master DNS ya LAN pa Debian 6.0 (III)
• Master Master DNS ya LAN pa Debian 6.0 (IV)
• Master Master DNS ya LAN pa Debian 6.0 (V)

Zowonjezera pazolemba pamwambapa mu mtundu wa HTML zidaperekedwanso kuti zitsitsidwe.nthawi imeneyo- Ndi kutulutsidwa kwa Debian "Finyani", matanthauzidwe ndi malingaliro omwe amakhala mmenemo amakhalabe ovomerezeka.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake sitichita Chiyambi chovomerezeka pavuto la DNS. Werengani nkhanizi ngati muli ndi mafunso, komwe amaperekanso maulalo ku mabuku apadera a DNS.

En Tsegulani, zikwatu zofunika kwambiri ndi mafayilo okhudzana ndi ntchitoyi ndi awa:

• Archive /etc/named.conf
• foda /etc/atchulidwa.d
• Archive / etc / sysconfig / named
• mapulogalamu / usr / sbin / named-checkconf, / usr / sbin / named-checkzone, / usr / sbin / named-compilezone, / usr / sbin / yotchedwa-journalprint
• foda / usr / share / doc / phukusi / kumanga /
• foda / var / lib / dzina /
• foda / var / lib / dzina / dyn /
• Archive /etc/init.d/named
• ulalo wophiphiritsa / usr / sbin / atchulidwa
  

DHCP

Cholinga cha Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), ndikuyika magawo amtundu wa netiweki yapakati-kudzera pa seva ya DHCP- mmalo mokonzekera pamanja chilichonse chogwirira ntchito. Kompyutala yokonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito DHCP ilibe mphamvu yoyang'anira adilesi yake ya IP static. Kompyutayi ya kasitomala imakonzedwa m'njira yoti imaloleza kasinthidwe kake kogwiritsa ntchito netiweki, malinga ndi malangizo a seva.

Ntchito ya DHCP imapangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta kwa Ma Administrator a Network. Mukakonza seva ya DHCP, mutha kutanthauzira magawo monga dzina la mayina, njira, nthawi kapena seva ya nthawi, ma seva a DNS, seva ya WINS ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, lembetsani adilesi ya IP - kuwulutsa, IP adilesi ndi maski netiweki yamakasitomala a kasitomala, dzina la kasitomala wa kasitomala, ndi magawo ena ambiri.

Zosintha zilizonse, ngakhale kusintha kwakukulu pamitundu yokhudzana ndi ma adilesi a IP ndi makonda a netiweki, zitha kuyendetsedwa pakatikati, ngati tingasinthe kapena kusintha zosintha za seva ya DHCP.

Nthawi zambiri, seva ya DHCP imasunga mbiri yonse ya ma adilesi a IP kapena ma lease, ndipo nthawi zambiri chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndi adilesi ya MAC ya netiweki iliyonse kapena NIC - Khadi lachinenero cha intaneti. Potseguka, ma adilesi a IP obwereketsa kapena kubwereketsa omwe DHCP imasungidwa mu fayilo /var/lib/dhcp/db/dhcpd.leases.

Phukusi dhcp-doc, yomwe imayikidwa mu foda / usr / gawo / doc / phukusi / dhcp-doc, imapereka zolemba zabwino kwambiri - mchingerezi- za ntchitoyi.

Fayilo yosinthira seva ya DHCP ndi /etc/dhcpd.conf. Fayilo ina yosinthira ya DHCP ndi / etc / sysconfig / dhcpd, ndipamene mumatanthauzira kuti netiweki yanji -kapena ma network-ma seva angayankhe.

Ndipo popeza tili pakati pa systemd, tili ndi fayilo /usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service.

Monga tinalonjeza kuti sitigwiritsa ntchito kontrakitala, tasiya mafunso ena onse kwa okonda a bash. Zolemba Kutonthoza Sikumaluma.

Malingaliro

Ngakhale tinalonjeza kuti sitigwiritsa ntchito kontrakitoyi kupatula kangapo, tikupangira pangani malamulo awa -ngati muzu- pambuyo pa ntchito ya DNS - DHCP yapereka adilesi imodzi yamphamvu ya IP, yomwe imaganiza kuti amaliza kukhazikitsa kwathunthu ntchito zonsezo ndipo ali munthawi ya macheke:

• udindo wa systemctl wotchedwa service
• dongosoloctl udindo dhcpd.service
• dongosoloctl udindo dhcp-server.service
• dzina-journalprint /var/lib/named/dyn/desdelinux.fanX.jnl

Kwa odwala «mtundu»Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwone -makamaka mpaka masiku amitu- mafayilo:

• /etc/init.d/named
• /etc/init.d/nfs
• /etc/init.d/cifs
• /etc/init.d/rpmconfigcheck

komanso mwamafayilo onse omwe ali mufodayi /etc/init.d.

Mafunso a DNS opangidwa ndi makasitomala a Windows

Apanso, komanso potonthoza, thawani ngati wosuta muzu lamulo:

• nyuzipepala -f

Khalani ndi nthawi yowonera makasitomala a Windows mosalekeza akufunsa DNS za masamba omwe ali kunja kwa Enterprise LAN. Pazitsanzo zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi, palibe wowongolera amene akuphatikizidwa - mtsogolo, pofuna kuwonetsa mbali iyi ya machitidwe a Microsoft® Windows.

Kernel yomwe imayika kutsegula ndi chilengedwe cha desktop

• Ndizosankha zathu kugwiritsa ntchito pachimake chomwe chili chokhazikika momwe zingathere maseva. Ndiye tikupangira ndondomeko yokwaniritsira.

Pamene tikusankha kukhazikitsa ndi desktop ya LXDE, kutsegulaSUSE kumayika mwachinsinsi «kernel-desktop»Wokometsedwa kwa desktops.

Ngati pambuyo pake tikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito kernel yofanana - kernel-defaultTiyenera kungoyiyika kudzera pa YaST Package Manager, kuyambiranso makina, sankhani «Zosankha zapamwamba za OpenSUSE»Pazenera, ndikusankha fayilo ya kernel-default. Mitundu iwiri ya maso ndi yomweyo.

Pomaliza, tiyenera kuchotsa kernel-desktop kudzera pa Manager Package yemweyo, popeza GRUB amawawona ngati achikale kwambiri kuposa kernel-default, ndipo ngati ilipo, imasankha nthawi zonse ngati njira yoyamba. Popeza sitimakonda "kusokoneza" GRUBTimakonda kuchotsa kernel ya desktop, chifukwa sitingagwiritsenso ntchito.

Zindikirani: Tikachotsa dongosolo ku kernel-desktop, mitundu yonse yoyikidwayo ya kernel imachotsedwa. Titha kuyang'ananso posankha "Zosankha zapamwamba za OpenSUSE" pazenera.

Malangizo ofunikira

• Osayamba nawo ntchito yakukhazikitsa ntchito ya DNS - DHCP ndi machitidwe aliwonse, osayamba mwamvetsetsa malingaliro oyambira. Ndi ntchito zofunika pa netiweki monga DNS, zolakwika zamaganizidwe zimalipira kwambiri pakupanga.

Ntchito zomwe titha kuzimitsa kuti tisunge zinthu

Pogwiritsa ntchito gawo la YaST «Service Manager», ikangomaliza kukonza ndikuti tisunge zida zamagetsi, titha kuletsa ntchito zingapo zomwe sizili zofunikira. Zitsanzo:

• makapu: makina osindikizira Njira Yosindikizira Yachilendo
• lvm2-lvmetad: Daemon ya Logical Volume Manager, pokhapokha ngati sitikugwiritsa ntchito mabuku ovomerezeka
• ModemManager: Woyang'anira Ma Modems

Zizindikiro

Ndine mdani wamasulira, chabwino?

• GRUB: command console GRndi Uwodziwika Bkutuloji
• NTP: Network Tdzina Pzozungulira. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito kulumikizana kwa mawotchi apakompyuta osiyanasiyana kudzera ma netiweki
• LAN: Ma netiweki am'deralo - Lkuwala Area Network
• SPF: «Ndondomeko Yotumiza Sender«. Makina a Anti SPAM omwe amalola seva yamakalata kutsimikizira kuti chiyambi cha SMTP ndichovomerezeka kuti adilesiyo itumize imelo.
• TSIG: Siginecha ya Transaction - Tkunyanyala SIGchikhalidwe. Kutanthauziridwa mu RFC 2845 "Kutsimikizika Kwachinsinsi Kwachinsinsi kwa DNS«
• UUID: Chidziwitso Chachilengedwe Chonse - Chidziwitso Chodziwika Padziko Lonse

Khwerero ndi sitepe kuyika kudzera pazithunzi

Tinajambula zowonera 71 zonse kuwonetsa Gawo ndi Gawo mokhulupirika momwe zingathere. Pazenera zonse zowatsegulira, OpenSUSE imathandizira ntchito yathu ndikukhala ndi batani la Thandizo - Thandizeni-nthawi zambiri amapezeka kumunsi kumanzere.

Sitifotokoza za skrini iliyonse chifukwa imadziwika kuti ndi yocheperako. Monga mwambiwu umati, «Chithunzi ndichofunika mawu chikwi".

Unsembe thandizo

Monga njira yokhazikitsira titha kugwiritsa ntchito chithunzi cha DVD ngati chomwe timakonda kupanga kutsegulaSUSE-13.2-DVD-x86_64.iso, kapena mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri. Ngati zida zilibe DVD, kapena ngati kuli kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira - cholembera, titha kuchita izi monga tawonetsera m'nkhaniyi Chikumbutso chokhala ndi autostart kukhazikitsa Debian, CentOS, kapena OpenSUSE. Pambuyo poyika makina opangira, kukonzekera kukumbukira komwe mutha kukhazikitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyi Wolemba zithunzi ndi SUSE Studio.

Komabe tikupangira yesani poyambira pamakina enieni.

Kukhazikitsa, kulengeza zosungira ndi kusinthira makina

• Tikupangira kwa seva yeniyeni dns.fromlinux.fan pafupifupi ma megabyte 768 a RAM ndi 20 GiB hard drive. Kukumbukira kuli chifukwa tidzachita ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.
• Mu Chithunzi cha 05Ponena za Kusintha Kwapaintaneti, sitilengeza dzina la Server chifukwa ntchitoyi ndiyomwe iyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Ngati mungalengeze seva ina, iwonedwa ngati yowongolera - mtsogolo, ndipo tikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kuti tiwone kulimbikira kwa Microsoft® Operating Systems pakusaka kwawo masamba a pa intaneti.
• Timapanga makonzedwe apadera kwambiri a magawo malinga ndi kukoma kwathu. Khalani omasuka kusankha ndikugwiritsa ntchito zomwe mukufuna.
• 15 chifaniziro: "Zosankha za Fstab". Timasankha kuti magawowa akonzedwa molingana ndi LABEL yawo - LABEL osati molingana ndi UUID wake, yomwe ndi njira yosasinthika. Mukayika dongosolo werengani zomwe zili mufayiloyi / etc / fstab.
• Seva ya NTP yolumikizira nthawi ndendende ndi Host Hypervisor pomwe seva ya DNS - DHCP imagwira.
• Momwemonso momwe tidasankhira LXDE desktop chifukwa ikugwirizana bwino ndi zosowa zathu, mutha kusankha ina iliyonse yoperekedwa ndi okhazikitsa Tsegulani.
• Dzinalo la wosuta «Buzz»Ndikulemekeza kugawa kwathu komwe timakonda. Koma palibe. 😉
• Mu Chithunzi cha 22Zindikirani kuti timatsegula doko la SSH mu Firewall, ndikuthandizanso ntchito ya SSH.
• Chonde tengani nthawi yanu posankha pulogalamuyi kuti muyike. Wokongola kwambiri wa Package Manager ayenera kuyenda, monga zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi cha 23.
• Zithunzi 35, 36, 37 ndi 38Mukatha kukhazikitsa makinawa kuchokera ku DVD kapena chithandizo china, chinthu choyamba chomwe tiyenera kuchita ndikulengeza zosungira kuti tisinthe makina athu, kaya ndi am'deralo kapena ali pa intaneti. Kwa ife, timalepheretsa malo osiyanasiyana omwe OpenSUSE imapereka pamaseva ake pa intaneti, ndipo timawonjezera athu omwe ali Local. Momwemonso, tili ndi nkhokwe Nawonso achichepere, Packman, zosintha, Obs y Osakhala Oss, zokwanira pantchitoyi, ndikutipanga kukhala desiki ndi malamulo onse. 😉
• Zithunzi 39 ndi 40: Iyamba ndikumaliza kukonza kwa Package Manager wa YaST. Pazenera loyamba timasiya zosankha zosasintha. Tangodina batani Ikani.
• Zithunzi 41, 42 ndi 43: Woyang'anira Phukusi atadzisintha yekha, imatsegula chinsalu ndi maphukusi ochokera kudongosolo lonselo kuti asinthidwe. Mmenemo, timavomerezanso zosankha zosasintha.
• 44 chifaniziro: Chophimba chapamwamba chomaliza gawo mu LXDE.

Kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza kwa ntchito za DNS ndi DHCP potseguka

• 47 chifaniziro: Tisaiwale kupanga chinsinsi chachinsinsi chosinthira magawo a DNS, omwe ali alirezatalischi y Onetsani: 10.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
• 49 chifaniziro: Tiyeni tiwone bwino bokosi lomwe likupezeka pamwamba «Zikhazikiko za zone alirezatalischi«. Timaloleza zosintha zamphamvu ndikusinthira maukonde kwanuko popanda china.
• 53 chifaniziro: Ngati tikuwonetsa mndandanda «Mtundu:»Pa zolemba za DNS, tidzapeza kuti titha kulengeza izi:
  • A: Kutanthauzira dzina la IPv4
  • AAAA : Kutanthauzira dzina la IPv6
  • CNAME: dzina la dzina lake
  • NS: dzina seva
  • MX: kutumiza makalata
  • Zamgululi: Registry yothandizira ma SRV, yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu Active Directory ndi ntchito zina
  • TXT: Kulembetsa zolemba
  • SPF: Ndondomeko Yotumiza Sender
• 54 chifaniziro: kutsegulaSUSE kumapangitsa miyoyo yathu kukhala yosavuta posalephera kulembetsa zosintha za DNS. Timaloleza kusintha kosinthika kozungulira ndikusinthira maukonde am'deralo.
• 55 chifaniziro: Mukamaliza kukonza kasinthidwe ka DNS, palibe chabwino kuposa kuyang'anira momwe ikugwirira ntchito ndikukonzekera kolondola, pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo angapo osavuta.
• 56 chifaniziro: Musanakhazikitse DHCP, tiyenera kugawa mawonekedwe amtaneti omwe tidzawasankhe pa ntchitoyi - itha kukhala yolumikizira imodzi kapena zingapo - Malo Omwe Akukhala pa Firewall. Timasankha Malo Amkati omwe ndi LAN yathu.
• Zithunzi 61 ndi 62: Kuti tilengeze DNS yamphamvu tiyenera kupita ku «Katswiri Kukhazikitsa kwa Seva ya DHCP".
• 63 chifaniziro: Timasankha subnet ndikudina batani «Zapamwamba«, Ndipo sankhani kusankha«Kuwongolera kiyi kwa TSIG".
• 64 chifaniziro: Timasankha fungulo la TSIG lomwe limapangidwa pakusintha kwa DNS. Ngati simunachite panthawiyo, mutha kuzichita tsopano ndikukonzanso kusintha kwamphamvu kwa ma DNS molingana ndi kiyi yomwe idapangidwa pano.
• 65 chifaniziro: Timabwerera ku subnet yomwe mwasankha ndipo tsopano tikudina batani «Sintha".
• 66 chifaniziro: Timasankha Zosangalatsa zathu ndikudina «Mphamvu DNS".
• 68 chifaniziro: Timayambitsa timu openuse-desktop.fromlinux.fan chomwe ndichinthu chotsatira chathu, chomwe timayika ndikukonzekera ndi dns.fromlinux.fan kuthamanga, ndipo timatsimikizira kudzera m'malamulo angapo osavuta omwe DHCP idasinthira moyenera DNS, ndikuti zolembera zam'mbuyo ndi zosintha za DNS za kasitomala ameneyo zibwezedwa.

Chitani nafe ulendo wotsatira!