Firmware ndi driver pa Linux: Zambiri zazokhudza mfundo ziwirizi

Firmware ndi driver pa Linux: Zambiri zazokhudza mfundo ziwirizi

Lero tikambirana za malingaliro a «Fimuweya» ndi «Dalaivala», popeza ndi 2 mfundo zofunika chifukwa zimakhudza mwachindunji ntchito yosalala wa chilichonse Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mu Chipangizo wotsimikiza.

Kenako tifufuza pang'ono momwe onse angayendetsere, «Ma firmwares» ndi «Madalaivala» za GNU / Linux.

Popeza, positiyi sitifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane Lamula malamulo ndi othandiza kapena ofunikira dziwani maluso a Hardware ndi Software apakompyutamwachizolowezi tidzasiya maulalo a ena zokhudzana ndi zolemba zam'mbuyomu kotero kuti, ngati kuli kotheka, aliyense akhoza kuwapeza mosavuta ndikukulitsa mfundoyi:

Zipangizo zamakompyuta zimakhala ndi zida zakuthupi zomwe zimatchedwa zida zapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso zida zomveka zotchedwa mapulogalamu. Pali zida zomwe zimaloleza kuzindikira magawo onse awiri, mwina kudziwa mawonekedwe a zida ndi kuyeza magwiridwe ake ndi / kapena kuzindikira zolephera zomwe zingachitike. Pomwe pakufunika kupempha thandizo pothetsera mavuto, monga kukhazikitsa kapena kusinthira firmware kapena driver, ndikofunikira kuti athe kupereka (kusonkhanitsa) zidziwitso zonse zomwe zingatheke komanso zofunikira pa hardware ndi mapulogalamu omwe amapanga zida. Malamulo kuti adziwe dongosololi (zindikirani zida zamagetsi ndi mapulogalamu ena)

Nkhani yowonjezera:

Malamulo kuti adziwe dongosololi (zindikirani zida zamagetsi ndi mapulogalamu ena)

Nkhani yowonjezera:

Zida 3 zodziwa zida zamakina anu

Nkhani yowonjezera:

inxi: script kuti muwone mwatsatanetsatane zida za hardware m'dongosolo lanu

Nkhani yowonjezera:

Momwe mungatulutsire magawo kuchokera ku Terminal kugwiritsa ntchito Shell Scripting

Firmware ndi Dalaivala: Zolingalira, Zofanana ndi Kusiyanasiyana, ndi Zambiri.

Firmware ndi chiyani?

Malingana ndi intaneti «Definicion.de», wo- «Fimuweya» Imafotokozedwa kuti:

"The firmware, yomwe dzina lake limatanthawuza mapulogalamu olimba, ndi gawo la hardware, chifukwa imaphatikizidwa ndi zamagetsi, koma imawonedwanso kuti ndi gawo la pulogalamuyi momwe imapangidwira chilankhulo chamapulogalamu. Mosakayikira, firmware imagwira ntchito ngati mgwirizano pakati pa malangizo obwera ku chipangizocho kuchokera kunja ndi zida zake zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana." (Lonjezani zambiri)

Pomwe, web «Sistemas.com» ikufotokoza izi:

"Firmware imakhala ndi malangizo angapo omwe amagwirizana ndi kompyuta, omwe amapezeka mu Read Only Memory (makamaka ROM Memory imagwiritsidwa ntchito) yomwe imalola kuwongolera ndikuzindikira magwiridwe antchito pamlingo wamagetsi wamagetsi kapena momwe amagwirira ntchito ndi gulu." (Lonjezani zambiri)

Kodi Dalaivala ndi chiyani?

Malingana ndi intaneti «conceptodefinicion.de», wo- "Woyendetsa" Imafotokozedwa kuti:

"Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi pulogalamuyi, yomwe imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi makina owongolera, kuti izitha kugwirira ntchito. Dalaivala (woyang'anira / woyang'anira) wa chida ndi mtundu wa mapulogalamu omwe adapangidwa kuti wogwiritsa ntchito athe kuwongolera mapulogalamu onse omwe adaikidwa pamakompyuta ake, kuwonjezera apo, ndi omwe amayang'anira kupanga hardware molondola, ndiye imaganizira chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri mwa iwo omwe adadzipereka kuti azigwiritsa ntchito moyenera zida." (Lonjezani zambiri)

Pomwe, web «Sistemas.com» ikufotokoza izi:

"A Controller (kapena, ofanana mu Chingerezi, Dalaivala) ndi pulogalamu yamapulogalamu yomwe imalola Operating System kuti igwiritse ntchito zonse zomwe zili mu Hardware ya zida, osangokhala Peripheral (ndiye kuti, Keyboard , Printer kapena Mbewa, osasiyanitsa ngati ndi Input Peripheral kapena Output Peripheral) komanso ku Zipangizo Zonse zomwe zimakhazikika, monga Video Card, Sound Card kapena zina zotere." (Lonjezani zambiri)

Zofanana ndi zosiyana

Kuchokera pamwambapa titha kuchotsa kufanana ndi kusiyana komweku

1. Zonsezi ndi zida zamapulogalamu kapena zogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito chida (cha mkati kapena chakunja cha hardware).
2. Tidzapeza firmware yomwe yayikidwa kale pachida chilichonse komanso pamtundu wake wokumbukira, pomwe dalaivala amaikidwa ndipo amagwira ntchito pa Hard Drive ndi Operating System yomwe idzagwiritse ntchito chipangizocho.
3. Firmware imayimira pulogalamu yotsika kwambiri yomwe imatha kulumikizana ndi hardware, pomwe driver amayimira magwiridwe antchito apamwamba.
4. Zonsezi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa dalaivala yolondola komanso yoyika bwino imatsimikizira kuti chipangizocho chimagwira bwino pamakompyuta kapena zida zowongolera, pomwe firmware imatsimikizira kukhazikitsa koyambirira ndi koyambirira, kuyambitsa kwake koyenera ndikuyiyika pa intaneti. pa chipangizo chilichonse.
5. A Firmware nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta kwambiri kuisintha, pomwe dalaivala nthawi zambiri imakhala yosavuta kuyiyika ndikusintha, zonse pamanja komanso zokha.

Kuwongolera ma Firmwares ndi Madalaivala pa GNU / Linux

Mukadziwa zambiri kuchokera pangani, mtundu, wopanga ndi maluso aukadaulo pachida, kudzera pazolemba, kugwiritsa ntchito kapena malamulo osachiritsika. Zingasowe m'malo mwa "Oyendetsa", Kudziwa phukusi lomwe lili ndi driver woyenera. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ambiri mapaketi a "Oyendetsa" amanyamula mawuwo ndi dzina «Fimuweya».

Komanso, mwachitsanzo, mu GNU / Linux Distros kutengera Debian / Ubuntu, mutha kudziwa kuti ndi phukusi liti lomwe lili ndi madalaivala ena ogwiritsa ntchito lamulo "Apt" kapena "apt", monga tawonera pansipa:

sudo apt list *firmware*
sudo apt list *driver*
sudo apt search marcaproducto*
sudo aptitude search nombrefabricante* | grep nombrefabricante

Pomwe, ya kasamalidwe ka «Zolimba» Njira yosavuta ndikugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yotchedwa "Kusintha kwa Fimuweya" kapena mophweka "LVFS". Ntchitoyi imadziwikanso ndi dzina lake lonse, "Ntchito ya Linux Vendor Firmware Service"Ndizofunikira:

"Chida cha CLI ndi GUI chomwe chimagwira ntchito (daemon) yolumikizana ndi tsamba la "Linux Vendor Firmware Service" ndipo imatha kuzindikira, kutsitsa ndikusintha firmware yoyenera pazida zodziwika."

M'malo mwathu, ndidayika pa my Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ntchito, yotchedwa MilagrOS (Kuyankha kutengera MX Linux) kutsatira zotsatirazi ndikulamula:

• Kuyika Chikhomo cha Star Labs PPA: Kuphatikiza ulalo wotsatira ku fayilo «source.list»

«deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/starlabs/ppa/ubuntu bionic main»

• Kenako kutsatira malamulo awa:

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 17A20BAF70BEC3904545ACFF8F21C26C794386E3
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 499E6345B743746B
sudo apt update
sudo apt install fwupd fwupd-gui

• Gwiritsani ntchito pulogalamuyo kudzera pa Mapulogalamu a Pulogalamu pansi pa dzina «Firmware Update»

Kuti mumve zambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe owonekera kapena oyang'anira mutha kuyendera webusaiti yathu, ndi masamba awo GitHub y LaunchPad.

Pomaliza

Tikukhulupirira izi "positi yaying'ono yothandiza" pa malingaliro a «Firmware y Drivers», zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala mfundo ziwiri zofunika kwambiri mu IT, popeza zimakhudza mwachindunji ntchito yosalala wa chilichonse Njira yogwiritsira ntchito kupitilira a Chipangizo wotsimikiza; ndichofunika kwambiri komanso chothandiza, chonsecho «Comunidad de Software Libre y Código Abierto» ndikuthandizira pakufalitsa zachilengedwe, zazikulu komanso zokula zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito «GNU/Linux».

Pakadali pano, ngati mumakonda izi publicación, Osayima gawani ndi ena, mumawebusayiti omwe mumawakonda, mayendedwe, magulu kapena magulu azamawebusayiti kapena makina amtokoma, makamaka aulere, otseguka komanso / kapena otetezeka monga uthengawo, Chizindikiro, Matimoni kapena ina ya Kusintha, makamaka.

Ndipo kumbukirani kuchezera tsamba lathu kunyumba «KuchokeraLinux» kuti muwone zambiri, komanso kujowina njira yathu yovomerezeka ya Telegalamu yochokera ku DesdeLinux. Pomwe, kuti mumve zambiri, mutha kuchezera aliyense Laibulale ya pa intaneti Como OpenLibra y kodi, kupeza ndi kuwerenga mabuku a digito (ma PDF) pamutuwu kapena ena.