Poloaiga ia iloa le polokalama (faʻailoa masini ma nisi polokalama configurations)

I nai aso talu ai na matou vaʻai ai pe faʻapefea ona faʻapipiʻi Debian 6. O lenei ua faʻapipiʻi le tatou polokalama, o le a tatou faʻamasani ia iloa atili auiliili, faʻamatalaina nisi o tulafono autu e, i le mea moni, e faʻaaogaina mo soʻo se tufatufaina.

Faatomuaga

O masini komepiuta e aofia ai masini tino e taʻua o le global hardware, ma vaega talafeagai e taʻua o le software. E i ai mea faigaluega e faʻatagaina ai oe e faʻailoa uma itu e lua, a le o le iloa o uiga o mea faigaluega ma fua lona faʻatinoina ma / pe faʻataʻitaʻia ono ono faʻaletonu.

A manaʻomia le talosagaina o le lagolago i le fofoina o faʻafitauli, e taua le mafai ona tuʻuina atu uma faʻamatalaga e mafai ma talafeagai e uiga i meafaigaluega ma mea faigaluega e fausia ai mea faigaluega. I lena tulaga, o lenei tusitusiga mafai ona vaʻaia o se faʻalautelega o se matua tasi lea na matou faʻamatalaina o fea e tu ai faila faila faila.

Faamaonia

A o e sailia ni tali i faʻafitauli e te ono feagai pe a faʻaaoga le Linux, e manaʻomia le tuʻuina atu o faʻamatalaga talafeagai uma e uiga i le faʻafitauli o lo o fesiligia, pei o le: ituaiga o komepiuta o loʻo ia te oe, Debian version, kernel version, desktop system , ma isi O le a fesoasoani lea e faʻamatala laʻasaga na e uia e mafua ai pe faʻaleleia le faʻafitauli.

Tusitusiga fesoʻotaʻi:

Faʻaleleia le root root i le Ubuntu

E faigofie atu ona fesili mo ma maua le lagolago pe a e iloa faʻafefea ona tuʻuina atu ia faʻamatalaga, ma o lenei tusitusiga ua fuafuaina e saunia se lisi o faʻatonuga e ausia ai lena sini. Tele tagata faʻaaoga fou ia Debian GNU / Linux latou te le iloa pe faʻafefea ona tuʻuina atu le tele o faʻamatalaga i le mafai ma atonu e le lava le fesoasoani, talu ai latou te le o iloa faʻapefea ona tuʻuina atu faʻamatalaga talafeagai.

Tauaofiaga

I nisi faʻatonuga o faʻaiuga faʻamatalaga sili atu i le maualuga o le lau, ina ia faʻafaigofie ai le faitauina o nei faʻamatalaga le itiiti pager o loʻo faʻaaogaina ma i lenei auala e mafai ai ona faʻasolosolo i lalo ma luga, faʻaalia uma faʻamatalaga. Ina ia alu ese mai le pager, na oomi le Q (tuu) ki. Nei o 2 faʻataʻitaʻiga o faʻafefea ona faʻaaogaina lenei pager:

dmesg | laititi

y

laʻititi /etc/apt/source.list

Gaosi oloa ma faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻamatalaga

Mea faigaluega gaosi:

sudo dmidecode -s faiga-gaosi

Igoa oloa:

sudo dmidecode -s faiga-oloa-igoa

Faʻamatalaga o oloa:

sudo dmidecode -s faiga-faʻamatalaga

Mea numera numera:

sudo dmidecode -s system-serial-numera

SKU (Stock Keeping Unit) poʻo le P / N (Part Number) o le oloa:

sudo dmidecode | grep -i sku

Nisi faʻamatalaga auiliili:

sudo dmidecode




Tusitusiga fesoʻotaʻi:
Faʻatagaga ma aia i Linux

Faʻamatalaga gaosi

Faʻaali le igoa gaosi, faʻataʻitaʻiga, ma le saoasaoa:

grep 'vendor_id' / proc / cpuinfo; grep 'igoa faʻatusa' / proc / cpuinfo; grep 'cpu MHz' / proc / cpuinfo

Faʻaalia tusiata fale (32 poʻo le 64 sina):

sudo lshw -C CPU | lautele grep

Faʻaali ituaiga masini:

lotogatasi -m

Faʻailoa pe a lagolagoina e le masini komepiuta le "Virtualization Extensions" (Intel-VT poʻo le AMD-V), lea e faʻagaoioi mai le komipiuta BIOS faʻatulagaina:

Afai o le faʻagasologa o le Intel, e tatau ona e iloa pe o le tau "vmx" foliga mai:

grep -i vmx / proc / cpuinfo

Afai o le AMOS o le masini, e tatau ona e iloa pe o le tau "svm" e aliali mai:

grep -i svm / proc / cpuinfo

Faamatalaga o le Battery

acpi-bi

ó

acpitool -B

Memory RAM ma SWAP vaevaega

Faʻaalia le aofaʻi o le RAM ma le fesuiaʻiga o vaevaega (suia mulimuli le parakalafa i le: -b = Bytes, -k = Kilobytes, -m = Megabytes, -g = Gigabytes, pe a talafeagai ai):

maua fua -o -m

ma le isi auala e faia ai e pei o lenei:

grep 'MemTotal' / proc / meminfo; grep 'SwapTotal' / proc / meminfo

E faʻaalia ai le vaeluaina (ma le tele) o le fesuiaiga o lo o i luga:

sudo swapon -s

Kernel

Faʻaali kernel igoa ma faʻamatalaga:

leai -sr

Shell

Faʻaali le atigi o loʻo faʻaaoga:

siʻuleo $ malulu

Tufatufa

Faʻaali le igoa, faʻamatalaga ma le igoa autu o le tufatufaina:

lsb_release -idc

Siosiomaga o tagata

Igoa ole tagata faʻaaoga nei:

siʻi $ USERA

Igoa o le 'au:

siʻi le $ HOSTNAME

Nofoaga faʻavae o loʻo iai nei:

siʻi le $ FALE

Tusitusiga o galuega o fai nei:

siʻuleo $ PWD

o

Matagaluega o Galuega

o masini

Lisi masini PCI / PCIe

lspci

Lisi uma PCMCIA masini

/ sbin / lspcmcia

Lisi uma masini USB:

lsusb

Lisi uma masini na maitauina o le SCSI:

lsscsi

Mamanu na faʻatonuina ile kernel e uta i le taimi o le boot:

pusi / etc / modules

Lisi uma modules na utaina e le polokalama:

lsmod | laititi

Lisi meafaigaluega (aotelega faʻamatalaga):

sudo lshw -puupuu

Lisi meafaigaluega (lautele faʻamatalaga):

sudo lshw | laititi

Teuina ma seevae faʻasalalau

Lisi vaega i luga o le teuina o faʻasalalauga:

sudo fdisk -l

Iloa le faʻaaoga ma avanoa avanoa i le vaeluaina:

df -h

Iloa le vaeluaina (ma le tele) o loʻo fesuiaʻi i luga:

sudo swapon -s

Faʻaali le faʻamau o mea na tusia mo le GRUB "Legacy" bootloader (i luga o le version 0.97):

sudo grep -i ulutala /boot/grub/menu.lst | grep "#" -v

Faʻaali atu faʻamaumauga ulufale mo le GRUB 2 bootloader:

sudo grep -i menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg | grep "#" -v

Faʻaali le laulau vaevaega (File System TABle) e otometi lava ona faʻapipiʻi le faiga i le amataga.

itiiti / etc / fstab

Faʻaali le UUID (Universally Unique IDentifier) ​​taua o vaega uma:

sudo blkid

Fesoʻotaʻiga

Lisi le uaea fesoʻotaʻiga masini PCI:

lspci | grep -i eternet

Lisi i luga ole laiga uaealesi PCI:

lspci | grep -i fesootaiga

Lisi USB masini komepiuta:

lsusb | grep -i ethernet; lsusb | grep -i network

Faʻaali atu le modules utaina e le polokalama, e faʻatonutonu ai uaealesi network cards:

lsmod | grep iwl

Faʻaali faʻamatalaga e uiga i le avetaavale o loʻo faʻaaogaina e se masini fesoʻotaʻiga faapitoa (suia le upu interface ma le igoa fetaui lelei o le network card, mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga eth0, wlan0, ath0, ma isi).

sudo ethtool -faʻasologa

Faʻatulagaina o pepa faʻafesoʻotaʻiga ma latou tuatusi IP atofaina:

pusi / etc / network / interfaces

Iugafono o Igoa Igoa:

pusi /etc/resolv.conf

Faʻaali mataupu o le faila HOSTS:

pusi / ma isi / au

Igoa komepiuta, e pei ona o le a vaaia i luga o le lotoifale upega tafaʻilagi:

cat / etc / igoa tauleleia

ó

grep 127.0.1.1 / etc / au

ó

siʻi le $ HOSTNAME

Tuatusi IP tuatusi o le uaea fesoʻotaʻiga pepa (aotelega):

/ sbin / ifconfig | grep -i direc | grep -i bcast

afai o le faiga i le Igilisi, faʻaaoga:

/ sbin / ifconfig | grep -i addr | grep -i bcast

Tuatusi IP tuatusi o le uaea network cards (auiliiliga):

/ sbin / ifconfig

Tuatusi IP tuatusi o uaealesi network cards (aotelega):

/ sbin / iwconfig | grep -i direc | grep -i bcast

afai o le faiga i le Igilisi, faʻaaoga:

/ sbin / iwconfig | grep -i addr | grep -i bcast

Tuatusi IP tuatusi o le uaealesi network cards (auiliili):

/ sbin / iwconfig

Faʻaali le laulau faʻasolosolo:

sudo auala -n

Ina ia iloa le lautele (fafo) IP tuatusi:

curl ip.appspot.com

Fale teu oloa / faʻafouga faiga

Vaʻai i mea o loʻo iai i le faila o faila, lisi o tuatusi o fale teu oloa:

laʻititi /etc/apt/source.list

Vitio

Lisi kata vitio (PCI / PCIe):

lspci | grep -i vga

Ina ia iloa pe lagolagoina e le komepiuta le televave o ata, e tatau ona faʻapipiʻi le mesa-utils mea faigaluega. Lenei afifi aofia ai le glxinfo faʻatonuga:

glxinfo | grep -i foaʻi

E fuafua le FPS (faʻavaʻa i le sekone), faʻatino le tulafono lea:

fa'agata 60 glxgears

Lea o le a faʻaali mo le 60 sekone (faatasi ai ma le fesoasoani a le faʻatonutonu faʻatonuga) se tamai faʻamalama ma se animali o 3 kia, ae i le taimi lava e tasi i le faʻamalama faʻamalama o averesi taua o faʻavaʻa ile sekone (FPS, faʻavaʻa ile sekone) o le a faʻaalia. ):

Faʻataʻitaʻiga o le kalafi faatinoga o se faiga:

338 fausaga ile 5.4 sekone = 62.225 FPS
280 fausaga ile 5.1 sekone = 55.343 FPS
280 fausaga ile 5.2 sekone = 54.179 FPS
280 fausaga ile 5.2 sekone = 53.830 FPS
280 fausaga ile 5.3 sekone = 53.211 FPS
338 fausaga ile 5.4 sekone = 62.225 FPS
280 fausaga ile 5.1 sekone = 55.343 FPS
280 fausaga ile 5.2 sekone = 54.179 FPS
280 fausaga ile 5.2 sekone = 53.830 FPS
280 fausaga ile 5.3 sekone = 53.211 FPS

Faʻataʻitaʻiga o sili atu ata faʻafiafiaga faʻatinoina luga o seisi faiga:

2340 fausaga ile 5.0 sekone = 467.986 FPS
2400 fausaga ile 5.0 sekone = 479.886 FPS
2080 fausaga ile 5.0 sekone = 415.981 FPS
2142 fausaga ile 5.0 sekone = 428.346 FPS
2442 fausaga ile 5.0 sekone = 488.181 FPS
2295 fausaga ile 5.0 sekone = 458.847 FPS
2298 fausaga ile 5.0 sekone = 459.481 FPS
2416 fausaga ile 5.0 sekone = 483.141 FPS
2209 fausaga ile 5.0 sekone = 441.624 FPS
2437 fausaga ile 5.0 sekone = 487.332 FPS

Ina ia faʻaalia le taimi nei X (X Window System) faʻaopoopo faʻatulagaina:

laʻititi /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Ina ia maua le iugafono o loʻo iai nei (lautele x maualuga) ma salu masani (MHz):

xrandr | grep '*'

Ina ia iloa uma iugafono o loʻo lagolagoina nei e le faʻatulagaina:

xrandr

Faʻaalia le upega tafaʻilagi (USB):

lsusb | grep -i mea puʻeata

O le faʻataʻitaʻiga lenei o loʻo faʻaalia ai le iʻuga o le 2 webcams fesoʻotaʻi i le komepiuta tutusa

Pasi 001 meafaitino 003: ID 0c45: 62c0 Microdia Sonix USB 2.0 mea puʻeata
Pasi 002 meafaitino 004: ID 0ac8: 3420 Z-Star Microelectronics Corp. Venus USB2.0 mea puʻeata
Upega tafaʻilagi e "faʻapipiʻi" i le faʻasologa sosoʻo luga o le / dev / ala:

Pasi 001 -> / dev / vitio0
Pasi 002 -> / dev / vitio1
Pasi 003 -> / dev / vitio2
[…] Ina ia siaki le mea na oomi "upega tafailagi" i luga o latou auala tutusa:

ls / dev / video * -lh

faalogologo

Lisi mea puʻe leo:

lspci | grep -i leo

ó

sudo lshw | grep -i leo | grep oloa

Lisi i luga o le leo masini tata:

aplay -l | grep -i pepa

afai o le faiga i le Igilisi ona faʻaaogaina lea:

aplay -l | grep -i pepa

Lisi uma metotia na utaina e le tino, e faʻaaoga e leo masini:

lsmod | grep -i snd

Ole suʻega lea e faʻamautinoa ai peʻa fesoʻotaʻi lelei ma tufatufaina failauga. O failauga e tatau ona kiina ma i le taimi o le suʻega o le leo, uaea, ma le faʻavae e mafai ona fetuʻunaʻi. Taʻitasi suʻega emits se leo i se taʻamilosaga, ma toe faʻalua faʻalua:

Afai o le leo leo o le 1 auala (monaural):

failauga-tofotofoga -l 3 -t sine -c 1

Afai o le leo leo o 2-auala (stereo):

failauga-tofotofoga -l 3 -t sine -c 2

Afai o le leo leo o le 5.1 auala (faʻataʻamilo):

failauga-tofotofoga -l 3 -t sine -c 6

Faamaumauga (ogalaau)

Faʻaali laina mulimuli e 30 o le kernel buffer:

dmesg | siʻusiʻu -30

Vaʻai le faʻaputuga kernel atoa:

dmesg | laititi

O le X server logs maua ai faʻamatalaga aoga e uiga i le taimi nei faʻatulagaina o le sapalai, ma e uiga i le vitio pepa:

cd / var / log / ls Xorg * -hl

lenei o le a faʻaalia uma faila faila mai le X server, ma le Xorg.0.log faila e sili ona lata mai.

Vaʻaia feʻau sese (sese) ma savali lapatai (lapataiga):

grep -E "(WW) | (EE)" Xorg.0.log | grep -v le iloa

Afai e te manaʻo e vaʻai uma le lesitala faʻamatalaga:

itiiti le Xorg.0.log

Afai e te manaʻo e vaʻai i mea o se faʻamaumauga muamua ae leʻi o le taimi nei, na ona sui le igoa faila Xorg.0.log ma le igoa o le faila e te fia vaʻai i ai.

Ina ia matamata i le seevae faʻamaumauga, e tatau ona faʻagaoioia muamua. E tatau ona e tatalaina le faila / etc / default / bootlogd ma sui le tau leai i le ioe, pei o lenei:

# Tamoʻe bootlogd i le amataga? BOOTLOGD_ENABLE = ioe

I le taimi o le isi amataga amataga, o le faila / var / log / boot o le a fausiaina, lea e mafai nei ona toe iloiloina:

sudo laʻititi / var / log / boot

Faʻamaumauga muamua o seevae e mafai ona vaʻaia ma:

sudo ls / var / log / boot * -hl

ma faʻafesoʻotaʻi pei ona faʻaalia.

Ina ia vaʻai i isi faʻamaumauga: O le tele o faʻamaumauga o loʻo maua i totonu o le / var / log / Directory, faʻapea foʻi ma le tele o subdirectories, o le mea lea, na o le ulufale i totonu o lena lisi ma fai se lisi e saili ai:

cd / var / log / ls -hl

Isi auala e iloa ai le faiga

E ui lava o loʻo iai foʻi meafaʻata e mafai ai ona iloa le faiga, e ono le mafai ona ola le siʻosiʻomaga, o le mea lea e manaʻomia ai le faʻaaogaina o le nofoaga. O nisi o mea lauiloa e sili ona lauiloa o le hardinfo ma le sysinfo, ma faʻapipiʻi mai le laina, tau lava o le tamoʻe:

sudo aptitude faʻapipiʻi hardinfo sysinfo