Kana dzikashandiswa, zvikanganiso izvi zvinogona kubvumira vanorwisa kuti vawane mukana usina mvumo kune ruzivo rwakadzama kana kuti kazhinji kukonzera matambudziko.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, boka revatsvakurudzi kubva kuYunivhesiti yeCalifornia kuDavis yakakurukura mukana wokushandisa Rowhammer (iyo DRAM bit uori nzira), kugadzira mafingerprints akasiyana.
Pakuongorora kwavo vanotaura izvozvo akaziva kuti hunhu hwekukanganiswa kunobva ku rowhammer attack yakasarudzika kune yega yega chiitiko cheiyo DRAM chip uye haina kuchinja nekufamba kwenguva. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nzira yeCentauri yakagadziridzwa, iyo inobvumira kuziva masisitimu ane avhareji chaiyo ye99,91%.
Kuti ugadzire identifier muCentauri, ingo mhanyisa kodhi kwemasekonzi mashoma kana maminetsi. Pamutengo wekuderera zvishoma mukururama (ne 0,64), chiziviso chinogona kuitwa nekuderedza 95% mukati memasekondi 9.92. Kurongeka kwepamusoro kunowanikwa kana kukaongororwa kweanenge maminetsi matatu.
Kuzivikanwa kunoitwa mumatanho matatu:
- Uchishandisa nzira yeBlacksmith (RowHammer variant) kuona nzira yekudzivirira (TRR) inoshandiswa muchip kurwisa kukanganisa kwemaseru ekurangarira.
- Kuitwa kwekodhi kunotungamira kune kukanganisa
- Kutsunga kwechinzvimbo chehukama uye nhamba ye capacitors yakashandura kukosha kwemutero.
Iyo identifier inoumbwa pahwaro hwekuvaka empirical kugovera kwemukana wekuchinja kuchaji kwema capacitor mune 2-megabyte block yendangariro.
Kune avo iwe usingazive nezve RowHammer kirasi kurwiswa, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti ivo vanokutendera iwe kukanganisa zviri mukati meumwe neumwe zvimedu zvendangariro nekuverenga cyclic data kubva kune akavakidzana ndangariro maseru.
"Centauri ndiyo nzira yekutanga kuratidza kudhirowa kwezvigunwe zvakasiyana uye zvakagadzikana pachiyero chikuru uchishandisa Rowhammer uku uchikunda zvipingamupinyi zvinotemerwa neiyo inoshanda sisitimu uye neRowhammer mitigations seTRR"
Sezvo DRAM iri maviri-dimensional mutsara wemasero, imwe neimwe ine capacitor uye transistor, ichiramba ichiverenga iyo yakafanana nzvimbo yendangariro inoguma nekuchinja kwevoltage uye anomalies izvo zvinokonzeresa kurasikirwa kudiki kwechaji. Kana kuverenga kwakanyanya kwakakwirira, ipapo sero yevavakidzani inogona kurasikirwa nemari yakakwana yekubhadhara uye iyo inotevera yekuzvarwa patsva haizove nenguva yekudzorera mamiriro ayo epakutanga, izvo zvichaita kuti kuchinja kwehuwandu hwemashoko akachengetwa muchitokisi. .
Iyo chip yekugadzira maitiro ndeye heterogeneous, saka yega yega memory chip yakasarudzika muchimiro chayo chemuviri nekuda kwekushivirira kunoitika. Kutsauka kwakadaro kunotungamira kune chokwadi chekuti mukana wekugoverwa kwekukanganiswa kunokonzerwa nekurwiswa kweRowhammer kwakasiyanawo kune yega yega yakagadzirwa memory module, zvinova izvo zvakatorwa nevagadziri veCentauri nzira.
Iyo RRT mechanism (Target Row Refresh) inoshandiswa nevagadziri vendangariro, iyo inodzivirira kurwiswa kweRowhammer nekuvhara kukanganisa kwemasero mumitsara yakatarisana, hazvikanganisi kururama kwekuzivikanwa nenzira yeCentauri.
Kudivi rinoshanda, iyo nzira inogona kushandiswa, semuenzaniso, kuona kutsiva kwemidziyo kana kuona masisitimu umo komputa inonyepedzera kuva michina yakati wandei. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo nzira haigone kupfuura chiyero chetsvakiridzo yezvidzidzo, sezvo kana ichishandiswa, kuwedzera kupfeka pamachipisi ekurangarira kunoonekwa, uye kutadza kwesoftware kunogona kuitika nekuda kwekukanganisa kuri mukati mememory chips.
Izvo hazvina kubviswa kuti nzira inogona kuchinjirwa kushanda mubrowser kuti uone vashanyi vewebhusaiti, uchishandisa sehwaro pre-yakagadzirwa kuita kweRowhammer muJavaScript.
Iyo nzira yakaedzwa pamusoro pe98 DRAM modules (6 yakafanana chipsets kubva kune vaviri vanogadzira). Kuedza kwakadzokororwa kwakaitwa mukati memazuva gumi hakuna kuratidza kuderera kwekuzivikanwa kwechokwadi.
Chekupedzisira, kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezvazvo, unogona kubvunza ruzivo Mune inotevera chinongedzo.