Crypto Assets uye Cryptocurrencies: Chii chatinofanira kuziva tisati tavashandisa?

Yakave yakakwidziridzwa kana kuve ruzivo rwepasirese veruzhinji iwo musoro weCryptoassets, kunyanya iya ine chekuita nenyaya ye Cryptocurrencies, nekuda kwekutanga kweiyo Libra cryptocurrency uye iyo "Calibra Wallet" na «Libra Association» ayo mamwe emakambani akakurisa ematekinoroji uye epasirese emagetsi commerce ari chikamu, pakati pavo Facebook, sezvakakurukurwa munguva pfupi yapfuura mune yedu posvo inonzi: Libra blockchain-yakavakirwa Facebook cryptocurrency neyako yedhijitari chikwama.

Uye zvakare, iyo nyowani nyowani mumitengo ye yekutanga, inozivikanwa uye inonyanya kushandiswa Cryptocurrency, inonzi «Bitcoin», uyo mutengo wake mazuva ano (Chikumi-2019) uri kutenderedza zviuru gumi zvemadhora (USD) akafarira kuputika kwenhau pari zvino uye mune ramangwana nyika Cryptoassets. Chii chinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuti zvizivikanwe maficha, mazwi kana mazano ane hukama ne Cryptoassets uye Cryptocurrencies kuwedzera kubudirira kwekutorwa kwavo, sezvo izvi vanovakira kubudirira kwavo pane kuvimba uye kushandiswa kwevashandisi vavo.

Parizvino uye kutenderera pasirese pane zvakanakisa uye zvinobatsira crypto zvinhu uye mapurojekiti e cryptocurrency ari kuitika. Zvimwe ndezvazvino uye zvenguva yemberi zvirongwa okuchengetera izvo zvinofambidzana pamwe neazvino mabhangi masosi epasirese, mamwe ekare uye achangobva mapurojekiti vashandi izvo zvinofambidzana nemasangano makuru uye madiki akazvimirira nekutengesa, uye mashoma aripo uye ari kuuya mapurojekiti zvinonakidza ruoko rwakabatana nemitumbi yeruzhinji mune dzimwe nyika.

Nekuda kweizvi, zvinonyanya kukosha kuti uzive uye unzwisise pamwe nekugona sezvazviri Crypto Assets uye Cryptocurrencies uye yavo yese inosangana terminology uye tekinoroji kubatsira ivo uye yeavo vese avo pane imwe nguva vanogona kukokwa, kumanikidzwa uye kutonzi vatore kushandisa.

Terminology uye tekinoroji yakabatana

Dhijitari Ehupfumi

Iyi inzvimbo nyowani yekutengeserana iri mukuzara kuzere uye kuwedzera. Inonyanya kureva iyo yose zvemagetsi kana zvemagetsi zvekutengeserana zvinoitwa pamusoro peInternet uye ichangoburwa Ruzivo neKutaurirana Technologies (ICT) kuitira kugadzira uye kuwana zvitsva uye zvirinani zvigadzirwa, zvinhu uye masevhisi mune mashoma mashoma. Nepo Electronic Commerce ichingoreva izvo pachayo, maitiro ekutenga nekutengesa zvigadzirwa nenzira dzemagetsi, senge mafoni ekushandisa neInternet.

Iyi nharaunda nyowani inosanganisira uye inosanganisa zvishoma nezvishoma uye nekujekesa matekinoroji eminda dzakasiyana (dzidzo, basa, varaidzo, mari, commerce, kufonera) kuwana nzira dzinoshanda, dzakachengeteka uye dzakasarudzika dzevamwe.

Mune Dhijitari Ehupfumi, Iyo internet inoshanda senzvimbo yepasirese yechizvarwa chebasa, kugadzirwa kwehupfumi, uye kugoverwa uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu nemasevhisi. Zvese izvi kuitira kuzadzikisa zvido zvinokura zvevanhu vanhasi, nzanga yehunyanzvi yakavakirwa pazivo.

Zvemari Technologies

Financial Technologies, kakawanda inonzi «Zvemagetsi Zvemari» kana FinTech, ipfungwa ine zita rinobva chidimbu yemashoko echirungu "Zvemari Technologies". Uye inonongedzera kune iwo ese matekinoroji emazuva ano anoshandiswa nemasangano (makambani, mabhizinesi nemaindasitiri), yeruzhinji neyakazvimirira, mune chero chikamu (chemari, chekutengesa, chesainzi uye chezvemagariro) kugadzira uye kupa zvigadzirwa zvitsva, zvinhu nemasevhisi.

Vamwe vanochengetedza, kazhinji vanongofunga se FinTech chete ku seti yemakambani mumunda wezvemari anopa mazano matsva uye ehupfumi uye ezvokutengeserana mamodheru kuburikidza nekushandiswa kweiyo nyowani uye yazvino ICT. Pakati petekinoroji inoisa pfungwa iyi pane Distributed Accounting Technology (DLT) uye Blockchain Technology (Blockchain) uye Crypto-commerce (Cryptoassets neCryptocurrencies).

Muchidimbu, Financial Technologies vane se Chinangwa chekugadzira tekinoroji yazvino uno inopa huwandu hukuru hwevangangoita vatengi, mhinduro dziri nani (zvinhu kana masevhisi) zvemari nekutengesa munzira dzinowanikwa, dzehupfumi, dzinoshanda, dzakakura, dziri pachena, dzakachengeteka, uye dzakazvimirira.

Yakaparadzirwa Accounting Technology (DLT)

Yakagoverwa Ledger Technology, inozivikanwawo nechidimbu chayo DLT kubva kumutsara unoti "Yakaparadzirwa Ledger Technology" Inowanzo shandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wekusimudzira wega, asi inosanganisira Blockchain Technology, inova yakafanana asi munda wekusimudzira veruzhinji. DLT inongoreva tekinoroji nenzira izere, ndiko kuti, kune tekinoroji inoita kuti zviitwe zviripo paInternet nenzira yakachengeteka uye isina vamiriri, kuburikidza nematafura akagoverwa, ayo anovimbisa kusachinjika uye kudzivirirwa kwekrisptographic yedata.

Kutaura nezve DLT kunosanganisira, pfungwa dzekuparadzirwa uye dzakatemerwa node network, iyo inoreva kune avo vanochengeta vanochengeta kopi yedhatabhesi yakashandiswa, kuitira kudzivirira iyo data kubva mukushandiswa, kunze kwekunge paine 51% kurwisa, izvo hapana chimwe chinopfuura kurwiswa uko munhu anopinda achiwana kutonga kwakawanda kwenzvimbo, achipindira mumasarudzo enetiweki, achikwanisa kushandura zvese pamadiro. Nekudaro kutyora musimboti wehutongi mumambure, inoedza kuchengetedza hutongi hwegutsaruzhinji pakati pevatori vechikamu (node), kuti pasave nekunyengera kana kubata pakati pavo.

Pfungwa yeBlockchain haifanire kuvhiringidzwa neDLT. Kugadzira fananidzo kuti unzwisise zvese zviri zviviri zvinogona kunzi, tichitaura nezvemari, DLT yaizove pfungwa pachayo ye «Mari» uye Blockchain yaizova imwe chete kunyanya, semuenzaniso, iyo Dhora, iyo Euro, iyo Ruble kana iyo Yuan. Sezvo imwe neimwe yeiyi iri imwe yemari zhinji, Blockchain iri DLT. DLT izita rakajairika, uye Blockchain izita rakatarwa, iro rinokweretwa nemukurumbira waro kune boom mu crypto assets, kunyanya ma cryptocurrencies. Saka kana uchitaura nezveBlockchain, imwe inowanzoreva kuchikuva chepakutanga che "Bitcoin", ichiva chekutanga chakagadzirwa.

Blockchain Technology

Blockchain Technology, inozivikanwawo seBlockchain, izita rayo muChirungu, inotaura nezvazvo tekinoroji iyo inosanganisira kuteedzana kwemabhuroko ayo anochengeta ruzivo mukati metiweki, uye izvo zvinofanirwa uye zvinosimbiswa nevashandisi vayo kubva pakusikwa kwayo kusvika kumagumo. Uye uko bhuru rega rega riine hash pointer kune iro rakatangira bhuroka, ichigadzira yakabatana network. Blockchain inowanzo sanganisirwa nezita rekuti rakazvimirira sangano rinoita bhuroka rekutsvaga iro rine zita rimwe chete.

Pane blockchain, hashi hachisi chimwe chinhu kunze kweiyo seti yemadhijita akasarudzika ayo anoshanda sechimiriri chidiki cheimwe dhata chero saizi. Iyo inoshandiswa kudzivirira kubiridzira pane izvo zvataurwa technology. Sezvo bhuru yega yega iine yega yakasarudzika hash yakapihwa, kuwedzera kune iyo data yakachengetwa mairi uye hash yeiyo yapfuura block. Hashs anoshandiswa nenzira yekuti kana zvirimo mubhokisi zvachinja, hashi yeiyo block inochinja. Uye kana hashi yashandurwa pasina kuve chigadzirwa cheiyo yemukati shanduko, kukanganisa kunoitika mune ese mabhureki mushure mayo.

Así Blockchain inova mhando yekutaura kweakarongedzwa matekinoroji mune yakasikwa yakavharidzirwa system, iyo inopa yakachengeteka uye yakavimbika nzira kune vashandisi, kwavo kuzivikanwa, data uye kutengeserana, pasina kudikanwa kwevanomiririra, kuburikidza neInternet. A nzira inovimbisa kuti zvese zvakaitwa ndezvechokwadi, zvakagadziriswa uye hazvichinjiki, ndokuti, zvine hunhu hwekusagadzikana.

Digital Mining

Dhijitari Mining inowanzoreva chiito (nzira kana zviito) zvekugadzirisa bhuroka, ichisimbisa zvese zviitwe zvirimo kuwana mubairo mukudzoka. Mune mamwe mazwi, iyi ndiyo nzira iyo inomiririra (node) inogadzirisa mashandiro eecryptographic mukati meBlockchain, iyo inowanzo gadzira tokeni, crypto assets kana ma cryptocurrencies sezvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira. Zvese izvi maitiro zvinowanzoenda padanho rakamisikidzwa nemasaiti-chaiwo maalgorithms uye hunyanzvi marongero akatogadzwa kare.

Muchiito chakataurwa, zvinyoronyoro node inosimbisa kutengeserana sekushanda, kuti ugoirongedza mubhokisi pamwe neiyo inoenderana nayo, wobva wasarudza iyo hashi yeiyo yapfuura block uye wedzera kune yazvino. Wobva wamhanya nechinyakare Blockchain yekubvumirana algorithm yekuona kuti node yaita nhamburiko dzakakodzera kupedzisa iro rakapihwa block uye nekugamuchira mubairo wayo unoenderana.

MuDhijitari Mining, Iyo «Consensus Algorithms» hapana chimwe kunze kwemitemo yakatarwa yekuona kuti ndeipi kopi yeBlockchain inoshanda uye isiri iyo. Mitemo iyi inogona kungotsanangurwa seinoti: "Ketani rakarebesa iro rinogara richionekwa serechokwadi ndere iro reBlockchain ine mabhuroko mazhinji" uye "Chidhinha chemabhuroko chine rutsigiro rwakanyanya chichaonekwa sechakakodzera." Kune akawanda «Kubvumirana Algorithms» parizvino kuyera rutsigiro kune network, asi pakati peanonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeaya: Uchapupu hweKushanda / POW uye Uchapupu hweStake / POS.

Kunze kweiyo «Consensus Algorithms», iyo inozivikanwa «Encryption kana Encryption Algorithms »ayo mabasa anoshandura meseji kuita sezviri pachena zvisingaverengeki nhevedzano. Mukati meBlockchain izvi zvinoshandiswa kuongorora kutengeserana. Mamwe acho ndeaya: CryptoNote, CryptoNight, Equihash, Scrypt, SHA uye X11.

Zviratidzo, Cryptoassets uye cryptocurrencies

Mukati meBlockchain, Zviratidzo zvinowanzo rondedzerwa sechiratidzo chekrisptographic chinomiririra chinhu chakakosha chinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nacho kuitira kuti ishandiswe gare gare kuwana zvinhu nemasevhisi. Pakati pezvinhu zvakawanda, Chiratidzo chinogona kushandiswa kupa kodzero, kubhadhara basa rakaitwa kana kuitwa, kuendesa data, kana sekurudziro kana gedhi kune inoenderana masevhisi kana kuvandudzwa kweanoshanda.

Nepo a Cryptoactive inowanzo tsanangurwa seyakakosha chiratidzo chinopihwa nekutengeswa mukati mecha blockchain chikuva. Izvo zvakare zvinowanzoreva kune yega yega akasiyana akasiyana aripo tokens (cryptocurrencies, smart zvibvumirano, hutongi masystem, pakati pevamwe) uye mamwe mafomu ezvigadzirwa nemasevhisi anoshandisa cryptography kushanda.

Chekupedzisira, iyo Cryptocurrency ndeimwe yemhando dzakawanda dzeCryptoasset, iyo zvakare, iri chikamu cheinozivikanwa seDhijitari Asset. Iko Dhijitari Asset inoonekwa sechimwe chinhu chiripo mune bhajitari fomati uye inouya nekodzero yayo yekushandisa, kuti kana isiri yake, haigone kutariswa sedigital asset. Iyo Dhijitari Asset inogona kuve digitised gwaro kana multimedia faira (zvinyorwa, odhiyo, vhidhiyo, mufananidzo) mukutenderera kana kuchengetwa padhijitari.

Cryptocurrency Exchanges

Shanduko (Shanduko) yeCryptocurrencies inoreva iwo mawebhusaiti mune zviito zve kutenga uye kutengesa kwe cryptocurrencies. Izvi zvinowanzo bvumidza kushanda nemamwe marudzi eeseti senge masheya kana kuchengetedzeka kwemari zvinogamuchirwa nenhengo dzenzanga dzinozvigadzira.

Chinangwa chikuru che a Chinyakare kana decentralized shanduko (DEX), ndeyekutendera yako vashandisi (Vatengesi) Ivo vanogona kutora chikamu mumusika unogoneswa we crypto kuitira kuti vawane purofiti zvichibva pamusiyano wemutengo (mahara emahara) anowanikwa mairi.

Uye zvakare, mazhinji acho anowanzo mapuratifomu ane masimba mazhinji, izvo zvinoenderana nematanho e KYC (Ziva mutengi wako) y AML (Anti-Mari Kubiridzira). Uye ivo kazhinji kubhadharisa mabasa avo uye simbisa chokwadi capital capital kutora chikamu pachikuva chayo.

Pakupedzisira, iyo Kwakatemerwa Kuchinjana (DEX) Kusiyana neiyo Tsika dzekuchinjanaIvo vanoshanda nenzira dzakafanana zvakafanana, zvisinei, vekare vane kugona kushanda nenzira yakadzvanywa. ndiko kuti, kuti mavari hakuna vamiriri uye chikuva chinozvitsigira nekuda kwehurongwa hwayo. Neichi chikonzero, ivo vanowanzo taura zvakakwirira zvehunhu uye kunyangwe kusazivikanwa.

Mhedziso

Kune zvimwe zvakawanda zvekudzidza, kunyanya mune zvakadzama uye zvakadzama nezve Crypto Assets uye Cryptocurrencies, Financial Technologies uye Blockchain. Asi zvirinani, izvo zvinofumurwa pano zvinowedzeredza mapoinzi akakosha zvikuru ayo munhu mutsva wese kana munhu asina kujaira anofanira kutanga kuongorora nekudzidza kugadzirira shanduko idzo fomu idzva remagetsi kana remadhijitari dzinoreva, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma zvinotyisidzira kutsakatika mari mari uye fiduciary, kubva kune ese nyika zvakaenzana, uye anototanga kukwikwidza nemari yezvinhu, senge Goridhe, Sirivheri, Mhangura, pakati pevamwe; uye kutsiva iyo chaiyo mari yemamwe mawebhusaiti aripo.

Kana iwe uchida, verenga zvimwe zvinyorwa zvine chekuita nenyaya iri mukati medu blog, tinokurudzira zvinotevera zvinyorwa: «Crypto-anarchism: Yemahara Software uye Tekinoroji Mari, Iyo Ramangwana?»Uye«Latin America neSpain: Blockchain MaProjekiti ane Cryptocurrencies".