Firmware uye Mutyairi paLinux: Chishoma chezvinhu zvese nezve izvi zviviri pfungwa

Firmware uye Mutyairi paLinux: Chishoma chezvinhu zvese nezve izvi zviviri pfungwa

Nhasi tichazotaura nezvenyaya yemifungo ye «Firmware» uye «Mutyairi», sezvo iwo ari maviri akakosha mazano nekuti iwo anofurira zvakananga iyo kushanda kwakapfava yezvose Operating system in a Device kutsunga.

Uye ipapo isu tichaongorora zvishoma mune kuti maviri anogona kuitiswa sei, iyo «Firmwares» uye «Dhirairi» about GNU / Linux.

Sezvo, mune ino posvo isu hatizopinda mune zvakadzama nezve chii raira mirairo inobatsira kana inoenderana ne ziva hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hweHardware uye Software yekombutasenguva dzose isu tichasiya zvinongedzo zvevamwe zvakabatana zvakapfuura zvinyorwa kuitira kuti, kana zvichidikanwa, chero munhu agone kuzviwana nekudzamisa iyo poindi:

Midziyo yemakomputa ine zvigadzirwa zvemumuviri zvinonzi pasi rose zvigadzirwa, uye zvine musoro zvinonzi software. Kune zvishandiso zvinobvumidza kuzivisa mativi ese, kungave kuziva hunhu hwemidziyo uye kuyera mashandiro ayo uye / kana kuongorora kutadza kungangodaro. Kana paine chikonzero chekukumbira rutsigiro mukugadzirisa matambudziko, sekuisa kana kugadzirisa firmware kana mutyairi, zvakakosha kuti ukwanise kupa (kuunganidza) ruzivo rwese runogoneka uye rwunodiwa nezve Hardware nesoftware inoumba midziyo. Mirairo yekuziva iyo system (tsvaga Hardware uye mamwe magadziriso esoftware)

Nyaya inoenderana:

Mirairo yekuziva iyo system (tsvaga Hardware uye mamwe magadziriso esoftware)

Nyaya inoenderana:

3 maturusi ekuziva iyo Hardware yesystem yako

Nyaya inoenderana:

inxi: script kuti uone zvakadzama zvigadzirwa zvehurongwa zveyako system

Nyaya inoenderana:

Maitiro ekuburitsa paramita kubva kuTerminal uchishandisa Shell Scripting

Firmware uye Mutyairi: Concepts, Kufanana uye Misiyano, uye Zvimwe.

Chii chinonzi Firmware?

Maererano newebhu «Definicion.de», UN "Firmware" Inotsanangurwa se:

"Iyo firmware, ine zita rinoreva iyo yakasimba programming, iri chikamu cheiyo Hardware, sezvo ichibatanidzwa mune zvemagetsi, asi inoonekwawo sechikamu che software sezvo ichigadziridzwa pasi pemutauro wechirongwa. Sezvineiwo, iyo firmware inoshanda seyakafanana pakati pemirairo inouya kuchinhu kubva kunze uye nezvayo zvakasiyana zvemagetsi zvikamu." (Wedzera ruzivo)

Ndichiri, iyo webhu «Sistemas.com» inoratidza zvinotevera:

"Iyo Firmware inozoita nemirayiridzo yakati wandei inobatana nekombuta, izvi zviri kuwanikwa muRega Chete Chiyeuchidzo (kazhinji chiyeuchidzo cheROM chinoshandiswa) icho chinobvumira kudzora uye kuongorora mashandiro acho paMagetsi wedunhu redhiyo kana kubatana kwayo ne timu." (Wedzera ruzivo)

Chii chinonzi Mutyairi?

Maererano newebhu «conceptodefinicion.de», UN "Mutyairi" Inotsanangurwa se:

"Chimwe chezvinhu zve software, icho chinoshanda pamwe chete nehurongwa hwekushandisa uye mutyairi weperesi, kupa chinoshanda chinoshanda. Mutyairi (controller / handler) wechigadzirwa rudzi rwekushandisa yakanyatsogadzirirwa kuitira kuti mushandisi agone kudzora mapurogiramu ese akaiswa pakombuta yavo, pamusoro pekuva nebasa rekugadzira Hardware kushanda nemazvo, saka inofunga chimwe chezvakanyanya kukosha zvidimbu mukati meavo vakazvitsaurira kuyera mashandiro emidziyo." (Wedzera ruzivo)

Ndichiri, iyo webhu «Sistemas.com» inoratidza zvinotevera:

"A Controller (kana, yakaenzana muChirungu, Mutyairi) chishandiso che software chinobvumidza iyo Inoshanda Sisitimu kushandisa zvizere izvo zvirimo muHardware yemidziyo, isiri iyo chete iyo iyo Peripheral (ndokuti, Keyboard. , Printer kana Mouse, pasina kusiyanisa kana iri Input Peripheral kana Output Peripheral) asiwo kune ese maSystem Devices akagadziriswa, akadai seVhidhiyo Kadhi, Kadhi Yezwi kana zvimwewo." (Wedzera ruzivo)

Kufanana uye misiyano

Kubva pane zvataurwa pamusoro tinogona kutora zvinotevera zvakafanana uye mutsauko

1. Ose maviri zvishandiso zve software kana zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa kushandisa chishandiso (chemukati kana chekunze chidimbu chehardware).
2. Tichagara tichiwana iyo firmware yatove yakaiswa pane yega yega kifaa uye pane yayo yega memory module, nepo mutyairi achiiswa uye anogara achishanda paHard Drive uye Inoshanda Sisitimu inozoshandisa chishandiso.
3. Iyo firmware inomiririra yakaderera chikamu che software iyo yainogona kudyidzana neyakaomarara, nepo Mutyairi achimiririra akakwira mwero webasa.
4. Ose ari maviri akakosha chaizvo uye anodikanwa, nekuti Mutyairi akarurama uye akanyatsoiswa mushe anovimbisa kushanda kwakakodzera kwechigadzirwa pakombuta kana michina yekudzora, nepo firmware ichivimbisa iyo yekutanga uye yekutanga gadziriso, kwayo kwayo kutanga-up uye kuiisa online. yechigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe.
5. A Firmware inowanzo kuve yakaoma kwazvo kugadzirisa, nepo Mutyairi achiwanzo nyore kuisa nekugadzirisa, zvese nemaoko uye otomatiki.

Manejimendi eFirmwares uye Dhiraivha paGNU / Linux

Kamwe ruzivo kubva gadzira, modhi, inogadzira uye technical technical pane chishandiso, kuburikidza nezvinyorwa, kunyorera kana mirairo yekupedzisira. Zvinenge zvichingoshayikwa chete muchiitiko che "Vatyairi", uchiziva kuti ndeipi pasuru ine mutyairi chaiye. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive izvo zvakawanda mapaketi e "Vatyairi" vanotakura shoko nemazita "Firmware".

Zvakare, semuenzaniso, mu GNU / Linux Distros maererano ne Debian / Ubuntu, iwe unogona kuziva kuti ndeapi mapakeji ane mamwe madhiraivha anoshandisa iyo command "Zvakakodzera" kana "apt", sekuonekwa pazasi:

sudo apt list *firmware*
sudo apt list *driver*
sudo apt search marcaproducto*
sudo aptitude search nombrefabricante* | grep nombrefabricante

Panguva, kune manejimendi ye "Firmwares" sarudzo iri nyore kushandisa chishandiso chinonzi "Firmware Dzokorora" kana kungoita "LVFS". Ichi chishandiso chinozivikanwawo nezita rayo rizere, "Linux Vendor Firmware Sevhisi", Chaizvoizvo:

"A CLI uye GUI chishandiso chinoshanda kuburikidza neshumiro (daemon) inobatana kune "Linux Vendor Firmware Service" webhusaiti uye inokwanisa kuona, kurodha pasi uye kugadzirisa iyo inodikanwa firmware yezvinozivikanwa zvishandiso."

Yedu inoshanda kesi, ini ndakaiisa pane yangu Operating system inoshandiswa, inonzi MilagrOS (Pindura zvichibva paMX Linux) kutevera zvinotevera zviito uye kuraira mirairo:

• Kuisa iyo Star Labs PPA Repository: Kuwedzera inotevera URL kufaira «zvinyorwa.list»

«deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/starlabs/ppa/ubuntu bionic main»

• Uye nekuteedzera inotevera rairo yekuraira:

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 17A20BAF70BEC3904545ACFF8F21C26C794386E3
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 499E6345B743746B
sudo apt update
sudo apt install fwupd fwupd-gui

• Mhanya iyo application kuburikidza neApplication Menyu pasi pezita «Firmware Dzokorora»

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve mashandisiro ayo ne graphical interface kana terminal mirairo unogona kushanyira iyo zviri pamutemo webhusaiti, nenzvimbo dzavo GitHub y LaunchPad.

Mhedziso

Tinovimba izvi "inobatsira shoma posvo" pane pfungwa dze «Firmware y Drivers», ayo anowanzo kuve maviri akakosha mapoinzi mukati me IT, sezvo ivo vachifurira zvakananga iyo kushanda kwakapfava yezvose Operating system pamusoro pe Device kutsunga; ndeyekufarira kukuru uye kushandiswa, kweiyo yese «Comunidad de Software Libre y Código Abierto» uye yemupiro mukuru mukupararira kweinoshamisa, hombe uye kukura ecosystem yezvishandiso zve «GNU/Linux».

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