Gadzira Kernel: Ungazviita sei paDebian base Distro?
Mauri kupinda kwekutangakufona "Iyo Linux Kernel: Kernel Basics" tinotaura zvimwe zvakakosha theoretical base nezve Operating System Kernels, kazhinji; uye Linux kernel, zvakananga.
Uye sezvatakataura mairi, mune ino, tichave tichipedzisa zvakati zvakakosha theoretical base nevamwe zvakakosha pfungwa uye ruzivo, kunze kwekuratidza maitiro ezvino kuti awane "gadzira Linux Kernel" kubva pakatanga, pa a Debian GNU/Linux 11 kugovera (Bullseye) kana kubva pazviri.
Iyo Linux Kernel: Kernel Basics
Uye, usati watanga kuverenga iyi positi nezve "gadzira kernel" Linux kazhinji, isu tichasiya mamwe malink kune zvakapfuura zvakabatana zvakatumirwa zvekuverenga gare gare:
Vaka Kernel: Vaka Tutorial
Zvinorevei kuunganidza purogiramu?
Zvikuru izvi technical process (inonziwo kurongedza) kunosanganisira kuwana kushandurwa kwekodhi yekodhi yepurogiramu kana chikamu chesoftware, kubva kwairi (mutauro wechirongwa unoshandiswa kuzvinyora wega) kuenda ku chinoverengwa chigadzirwa (yepamusoro-level programming language inodudzirwa) nekombuta.
Kureva, kubudirira shandura kubva kune yako source code kusvika yava a inogoneka uye inoshanda chirongwa, nekushandisa a processor (compiler software) kushandurudzo yemutauro wepurogiramu inoshandiswa kune kodhi yebhinari uye assembler type.
Uye kana zvasvika gadzira uye unganidza chero rudzi package, application uye chirongwa, basic uye vekuzvarwa, senge kernels about Debian GNU / Linux, mapakeji anotevera akakodzera uye anodiwa kuti uwane yakanaka kusimudzira rutsigiro hwaro, uye aya ndeaya:
apt install autoconf automake autotools-dev build-essential dh-make debhelper debmake devscripts dpkg fakeroot file gfortran git gnupg fp-compiler lintian patch pbuilder perl python quilt xutils-dev
Zvakanakira uye kuipa kwekunyora Linux Kernel kubva kutanga
Kana isu tichigadzira uye kugadzirisa, kubva kutanga, chaiyo Kernel yeimwe komputa, tinogona kuwana zvinotevera zvakanaka:
- Wana kuita kurinani uye kudzikisa mashandisirwo eCPU.
- Tora zvirinani optimization uye yakaderera mashandisiro eRAM Memory.
- Kuvandudza kuchinjika uye kuenderana kweiyo inoshanda sisitimu.
- Wedzera kushanda uye kubudirira kweiyo inoshanda system.
Nepo, pane kudaro, isu tinogona kuburitsa zvinotevera Zvakaipa:
- Kutadza kushanda uye kuwanikwa yezvaidiwa zviwanikwa uye masevhisi pamakombuta anoshandiswa, nekuda kwemaitiro akaipa uye matambudziko anokonzerwa panguva yekuunganidza.
- Basa rinogara, refu uye rinonetesa pakutanga kuigadzira, uyezve kune gare gare, kuichengeta ichivandudzwa pamaoko. Iyo inogona kuenda kubva kumaminitsi kusvika kumaawa, zvichienderana nehardware inoshandiswa.
- Maawa marefu ekudzidza uye bvunzo, sezvo ruzivo rwepamusoro ruchidiwa zvose pamusoro pezvigadziro zvekugadzirisa zvinowanikwa muKernel uye nezvekombiyuta (final hardware), iyo ichaurayiwa.
Inowanikwa Kernel Categories
Para unganidza kernel, chinhu chekutanga chatinofanira kuziva ndechekuti ndeipi Kernel yekusarudza. Kuti tiite izvi, tinofanira kuenda zviri pamutemo webhusaiti zvemhodzi, uye sarudza imwe pakati pemapoka aripo. Izvo zvinotevera:
- Mutsara mukuru webudiriro (Mainline): Ichi chikamu chinosanganisira iwo maKernels ari mudanho rekusimudzira, saka, iwo ane zvinhu zvitsva uye mabasa anofanirwa kuongororwa asati aiswa mushanduro yakagadzikana. Izvi zvinochengetwa uye zvinoburitswa zvakananga naLinus Torvalds, uye zvinoburitswa yega yega 2-3 mwedzi paavhareji.
- Yakagadzikana: Ichi chikamu chinosanganisira iwo maKernels ayo, mushure mekupasa bvunzo dzeyekureba yekuvandudza maitiro, anodzikama, saka anongozongogadziriswa kuburikidza nemuchengeti wepamutemo akasarudzwa. Zvakare, ivo chete vane mashoma ekugadzirisa bug kuburitswa kusvika iyo inotevera Mainline iripo.
- Nguva refu: Ichi chikamu chinosanganisira iwo maKernels ayo, mushure mekupasa bvunzo dzeyekureba yekuvandudza maitiro, anogadzikana, asi anotsigirwa nebug gadziriso uye kugadzirisa kwenguva yakareba kwazvo (makore). Chikonzero chei, zvakakosha gadziriso dzebug dzinoiswa, izvo zvinogona kuwanzoitika.
Maitiro ekuunganidza Kernel muGNU/Linux Debian Bullseye Distro?
Kusarudza mumwe chaiyo kernel shanduro, pane webhusaiti yepamutemo, uye uchitoziva (kutevedzera) yako download nzira kuburikidza ne bhatani retarball zvakafanana, zvinongosara kuita nzira inotevera, yaticharatidza kutora semuenzaniso, iyo Yakagadzikana Linux kernel shanduro 6.0.8:
Stage 1
cd /usr/src
wget -c https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v6.x/linux-6.0.8.tar.xz
sudo unxz linux-6.0.8.tar.xz
sudo tar xvf linux-6.0.8.tar
sudo ln -s linux-6.0.8 linux
cd /usr/src/linux
sudo make clean && make mrproper
sudo cp /boot/config-`uname -r`* .config
make menuconfigKumhanya uyu wekupedzisira kuraira kunotanga iyo "Kernel kumisikidza menyu", kwaunogona gadzirisa (customize) parameters zvaunoda kana zvaunoda. Mukuwedzera, pano zvakakosha kuti usakanganwa kuti zvakakosha tarisa kana kusatarisa iyo 64-bit kernel sarudzozvichienderana nezvinodiwa kana zvinodiwa. Uye zvakare, mushure mekuita shanduko dzese dzaitwa, iwe unofanirwa tinya Save bhatani uye ezvo Buda bhatani.
Stage 2
Panguva ino pane 2 nzira dzinogoneka kutora:
Kernel kuiswa chete
sudo make
sudo make modules_install
sudo make install
sudo update-grub; sudo update-grub2; sudo update-initramfs -u
sudo apt clean; sudo apt autoclean; sudo apt autoremove; sudo apt remove; sudo apt purge
Kernel kuiswa uye kugadzira .deb mafaira
Kuti uite danho iri, zvakakosha kuti kuiswa kwepakiti kushevedzwe kernel-package. Nokudaro, nzira yacho ndeyotevera uye inotanga sezvinotevera:
sudo wget -c http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/k/kernel-package/kernel-package_13.018+nmu1~bpo9+1_all.deb
sudo apt install ./kernel-package_13.018+nmu1~bpo9+1_all.deb
fakeroot make-kpkg --initrd --append-to-version=-custom kernel_image kernel_headers
cd /usr/src
sudo dpkg -i *.debMuchiitiko, panguva yekuunganidza maitiro, iwe unowana a kukanganisa kune kernel zvitupa, inoramba iine sarudzo yekukwanisa kuita zvinotevera raira kuraira kuti uzvigadzirise otomatiki:
sed -i '/CONFIG_SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYS/s/^/#/g' .configEhe, zvese zvapera zvakanaka, chasara kutangazve komputa yedu uye kuyedza kuti sisitimu yedu inoshanda sei neKernel nyowani. Sezvaanoratidzwa pamberi uye shure, mune anotevera skrini:
Pamberi peKernel Installation
Mushure meKernel Installation
Resumen
Muchidimbu, tinovimba kuti chidzidzo ichi chichabatsira zvakanyanya, zvese zviri zviviri Vashandisi vepamberi nezve Vagadziri veDistros kana Respins. izvo zvinowanzoda "gadzira kernel" zvakanangana neiyo ikozvino yakaiswa GNU/Linux Operating System kana imwe iri kugadzirwa kubva kutanga, kuitira kuti ibatanidze a kuita zvirinani uye optimization pane chaiyo hardware. Kazhinji, nechinangwa chekuwana, a yakaderera CPU uye RAM kushandiswa.
Kunyangwe, kana paine anoziva nezve chero imwe nzira inobatsira yekuita yakataurwa maitiro kana kuziva chero zano, kurudziro kana kururamisa kune izvo zvinopihwa pano, unogamuchirwa kuzviita kuburikidza nemhinduro. Uye hongu, wakangofarira chinyorwa ichi, usarega kutaura pamusoro pacho uye kuchigovera nevamwe. Zvakare, rangarira kushanyira yedu «peji rekumba» kuti uongorore dzimwe nhau, pamwe nekujoinha chiteshi chedu chepamutemo che Teregiramu ye DesdeLinux, Madokero boka kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvenyaya yanhasi.