Kugadzira mu bash - chikamu 1

Kunyange isu tichiwanzoshandisa iyo yekutungamira kana yefaira manejimendi mashandiro, iyo kunyaradza de Linux inowedzera kushanda kwayo kupfuura izvo chinangwa, ichitibvumidza kuronga scripts Iri gwaro harina kuitirwa kuve chirevo chakazara pamusoro pechirongwa cheBash, asi panzvimbo pezvo sumo kumirairo yekutanga nezvimiro, izvo zvinotibvumidza isu kuwedzera simba reGNU / Linux system yedu.

Chii chinonzi "Chinyorwa"?

Chaizvoizvo isu tinoti iri faira rine kodhi yakanyorwa mune imwe mitauro yekushandisa iyo sisitimu inoshandisa kune rimwe basa. Izvo hazvidi kuve neyekunze yekuisa kana graphical interface, asi zvinofanirwa kukonzera data rakagadziriswa kuburitsa (kunyangwe mushandisi asingavaone).

Mutauro unoshandiswa naBash unotsanangurwa nemuturikiri wawo uye unobatanidza syntax yemamwe maShells, akadai seKorn Shell (ksh) kana iyo C Shell (csh). Yakawanda yemirairo iyo inowanzo shandiswa mune iyo koni inogona zvakare kushandiswa muzvinyorwa, kunze kweiyo anonyatsoenderana nezve kumwe kugovera.

Maumbirwo eScript

Kutanga isu tinofanirwa kuve nemavara edhita uye shuwa kuronga Iwo mafaera atinochengetedza ne .sh yekuwedzera anogona kuitiswa (kana kududzirwa) nekoni, chero bedzi tambo yekutanga iri inotevera:

#! / bin / bash

Izvi zvinotaurira iyo sisitimu kushandisa iyo koni kumhanyisa iyo faira. Uye zvakare, iyo # hunhu inokutendera iwe kunyora makomenti. Kugadzira muenzaniso uri nyore tinowedzera imwezve mutsara, unoonekwa mumufananidzo unotevera:

Echo command inoratidzira meseji pachiratidziri, mune iyi kesi yakajairwa "Mhoro nyika!" Kana tikachengeta uye tikachiita neconsole tichaona mhedzisiro.

Basic Commands

Iyi inotevera mirairo yakajairika uye inobatsira chose kune chero mhando chirongwa. Isu tinojekesa kuti kune zvimwe zvakawanda, asi parizvino tichafukidza zvinotevera.

Zvibodzwa: inobvumira tambo yemazwi kuchinjaniswa neiyo ipfupi, ichibvumira kudzikiswa kwekodhi.

# gadzira ma alias akadaidzwa nekero ye #Downloads dhairekodhi alias per = '/ imba / mushandisi / Downloads' #Nguva imwe neimwe yatinoda kuishandisa isu tinongodaidza # izwi idzva pa #To kuparadza izvo alias, isu tinoshandisa ulias dzaas per

break: inokutendera kuti ubve pakarepo for for, while, kusvika kana kusarudza chiuno (isu tichafunda zvishwe mune zvakadzama gare gare)

#Gadzira chiuno chinopa manhamba kubva pa1 kusvika pa5 # yeimwe neimwe "kutendeuka kwetambo" kwekaunda mu1 2 3 4 5 ita #Tinodhinda kukosha kwazvino kwekusiyana #counter, kunoongororwa nehunhu $ echo " $ counter ”#Kana kukosha kwekaunda kwakaenzana ne3 kana [$ counter –eq 3] zvadaro #Zororo racho rinobuda muchiuno che break break yaitwa

enderera - Zvakafanana nekutyora, kunze kwekuti inoregedza chiuno chiripo ichienda kune inotevera

#Gadzira chiuno chinopa manhamba kubva pa1 kusvika pa5 # yeumwe neumwe "kutenderera kwetambo" kwekaunda mu1 2 3 4 5 ita #Kana kukosha kwekaunda kwakaenzana ne3 kana [$ counter –eq 3] zvadaro # Enderera inodzivirira iyo yakasara ye #current kutenderera kubva pakuongororwa nekusvetuka kuenda kunotevera rinotevera, ndokuti, iyo # kukosha 3 haizodhindwe. enderera fi echo "$ counter" yaitwa

zivisa: zivisa misiyano uye ugovapa hunhu, senge typetet (vanoshanda nenzira imwechete). Tinogona kuzvisanganisa pamwe nedzimwe sarudzo: -i Inozivisa manhamba; -r Yezvinhu zvekuverenga-chete, kukosha kwayo hakugone kuchinjwa; -A ye arrays kana "arrays"; -f yemabasa; -x yezvimwe zvinogona "kutumirwa kunze" kunze kwenzvimbo yescript yacho pachayo.

zivisai- num = 12 zivisai- x pi = 3.14

rubatsiro: inoratidza rubatsiro kune yakatarwa kuraira.

mabasa: inoratidza maitiro ekumhanya.

#With -c isu tinoratidza zita remirairo, iine- p # iyo pid (dhizaini yedhisheni) yemaitiro ese. mabasa -cp

rega: ongorora svomhu kutaura

rega a = 11 rega a = a + 5 # Pakupedzisira tinoprinta kukosha kweiyo iri 16 echo "11 + 5 = $ a"

yemunharaunda: gadzira akasiyana emuno, ayo anofanirwa kushandiswa zviri nani mumabasa echinyorwa choga kudzivirira zvikanganiso. Unogona kushandisa zvakafanana mabasa sekuzivisa command.

yemunharaunda v1 = "Uku ndiko kusiana kwenzvimbo"

logout: inobvumira kutema kunze kweShell zvachose; inobatsira pamatambudziko atinoshanda neanopfuura rimwe chete hwindo reShell, umo raibuda rairo rinongobvumira hwindo rimwe chete kumiswa panguva.

printf: inobvumidza iwe kupurinda data uye kurimisa. Iine sarudzo dzakawanda, saka isu tichataura mashoma.

#% f anodhinda senhamba inoyerera, n ye # itsva mutsara printf "% fn" 5 5.000000 # & d inobvumidza kupfuudza manhamba ekupedzisira senge nharo printf "Pane% d mirairo yakapihwa% d madhora." 20 500 Pane makumi maviri maodha anokosha mazana mashanu Madhora.

verenga: verenga mutsetse kubva kune yakajairwa yekuisa (module inoshandiswa kurodha data kuburikidza nekhibhodi semuenzaniso) Tinogona kupfuudza sarudzo senge: -t kupa yekuverenga muganho nguva; -a zvekuti izwi rimwe nerimwe rakapihwa chinzvimbo mune yakatarwa rondedzero; -d kushandisa delimiter iyo inonyorwa kumagumo kwetambo; pakati pevamwe.

echo "Isa zita rako wobva wadzvanya Pinda" # Verenga zita rinoshanduka raverenga zita echo "Zita rako ndi $ zita"

Type: inotsanangura rairo nemaitiro ayo. Zvinogona kubatsira kuti uwane tsananguro yedhata yemirairo yega yega.

mhando -a '[' #type inotitaurira kuti [iShell builtin command [iShell builtin # -a inobvumidza iwe kuti uwane madhairekitori ane # anoteedzana ane zita rakapinda. [ndiye / usr / bin / [

ulimit: inoganhurira kuwana uye kushandiswa kweimwe sosi zviwanikwa kuita, zvakanakira zvirongwa zvinobvumidza shanduko dzehutongi kana dzinoitirwa marudzi akasiyana evashandisi. Kana tichiisa muganho tinonyora nhamba inomiririra makirobytes emuganhu.

#Tinoona yedu yazvino miganho ulimit -a # -f inobvumidza kudzikamisa vashandisi kuti vatadze # kugadzira mafaera akakurisa kupfuura 512000 Kb (500 #Mb) ulimit -f 512000 # -v inogumira iyo chaiyo ndangariro yeichi chiitiko. ulimit - v 512000

mirira: mirira imwe nzira kana basa riitwe kuti rienderere mberi.

#Script rinomirira kuti chirongwa che pid # 2585 chiitwe

mira 2585

Mimwe mirairo inobatsira yatinogona kuwedzera kuzvinyorwa inomiririrwa nezviratidzo.

!!: mhanyisa wekupedzisira kuraira zvakare

wer: inoita mirairo yekupedzisira iyo yakatanga neshoko rekuti "wer".

'==', '! =', '>', '<', '> =', uye '<=': vashandi vehukama.

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