Kushanda pamwe kuburikidza neGore: Ungazviita sei?

Iko kuvandudza kwazvino kweRuzivo neKutaurirana Technologies (ICT) kwakamanikidza nyika yanhasi, kunyanya munzvimbo yekupa bhizinesi, vezvokutengeserana uye vezvemari masevhisi, eruzhinji neakavanzika, kuitira kubatsira kwevashandisi vayo (vatengi uye vagari) kudiwa kweRuzivo Systems (IS) kuve kuri kuwedzera kusabatana.

Kuziva nekunyatsonzwisisa chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu zvakakomberedza nyaya yekushandirana kweComputer Systems, kuburikidza neCloud (Internet), yakakosha kune chero munhu, zvese zvakajairika uye nehunyanzvi, kubva mukubatanidzwa kwekudyidzana pakati peMasangano pakati pavo, uye aya neHurumende mukugadzira zvirongwa kana masevhisi, uye kusangana kwavo kuri nani, kuwirirana nekuzadzisa, izvi zvinoguma nerutsigiro rukuru rwevagari, uyezve, mukuvandudza kwehupenyu hwevose.

Nhanganyaya

Iyo yakanaka yekugona kugovana data (ruzivo) nenzira yepasirese uye yakajekandiko kuti, zvisinei nehunyanzvi hwayo hunotsigira kuchengetedza kwayo, kugadzirisa kana kugovera, Yakafambidzana nekushanduka kwemunhu uye kuvandudzwa kweICC kubva pakutanga kwayo. Zvese zvakagadzirwa neMunhu kubva pakunyora (tsamba, nhamba, zviyero zvenguva) kuenda kuMedia yazvino (Press, Radio, TV neInternet) zvine chinangwa chakakosha chekuzadzisa kutaurirana, kutaurirana uye kunzwisisa.

Naizvozvo kuvandudzwa kana kuvandudzwa kwemamiriro (matekinoroji, zvishandiso, mapuratifomu) ekuchinjana ruzivo kunofanirwa kuve chinhu chinopfuura zvese kumasangano nemasangano uye nenyika yega yega., kuitira kuti uwane kugadziridzwa kwemacomputer mhinduro dzinokunda kukwana uye kukanganisa kwekare. Kukanganisa uye kukanganisa kwakagadzirwa nehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza kunoenderana nezvimwe zvinodiwa (zvinodiwa), zvichipa "Computer Islands".

Makomputa zviwi zvinoratidzirwa nekusashanda uye kusarongeka kwekubata kweruzivo, izvo zvinoita kuti kudyidzana pakati pavo kusakwanise uye kunodzivirira, semuenzaniso, kuti maitiro eHurumende anogona kuitwa nemugari munzvimbo imwechete. Neichi chikonzero, semuenzaniso, hurumende dzinotsvaga kuisa mumagetsi emahwindo eHurumende kuti vagari nemasangano vakwanise kuita maitiro avo online. Uye Masangano anotsvaga kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvavo nemasevhisi ave anowirirana uye epasirese zvine chekuremekedza izvo zvevamwe.

Uye apa ndipo chaipo panopinda pfungwa yeInteroperability. Pfungwa inogona kuve nedudziro dzakawanda nekushanduka kushoma, asi izvo muzviitiko zvakawanda zvinowanzo kuratidzwa se:

"Kugona kweITI Maitiro, uye maitiro ebhizinesi avanotsigira, kuchinjana data uye kuita kuti zvikwanisike kugovana ruzivo neruzivo". (ECLAC, European Union, 2007) (Lueders, 2004)

Concept

Iyo ISO / IEC 2382 Ruzivo neTekinoroji Vocabulary inotsanangura pfungwa yekushandirana se:

"Kugona kutaurirana, kuita zvirongwa, kana kuendesa data pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvinoshanda kuitira kuti mushandisi asava nechido chekuziva hunhu hwakasiyana hwezvikamu izvi." (ISO, 2000)

Kune vamwe, kunyanya pahurumende kana pamatongerwo enyika, iyo tsananguro yekushandirana inowanzo kutsanangurwa se:

«kugona kwemasangano akapatsanuka uye akasiyana kuti asangane nezvinangwa zvakabvumiranwa. Kudyidzana kwacho kunoreva kuti masangano ane chekuita nekugovana ruzivo neruzivo kuburikidza neInter-Institutional Processes, kuburikidza nekuchinjana kwemagetsi pakati pesisitimu yavo yehunyanzvi hweruzivo ”.

Chinhu chinowanzo dudzirwa, sekutsvaga kwehurumende kutsvaga kurongeka kupa zvirinani uye zvirinani mabasa eruzhinji kunharaunda dzavo (Citizens and Organisations) kuita maererano nemisimboti yeRegistry Simplification (kudzivirira kudzokororwa kweZvikumbiro zveRuzivo kana Maitiro), uye Yega Window (kudzivirira kusagadzikana kwesangano kana kushumira uye kushomeka kwekubatana).

Mhando

Mamwe mabhaibheri anogovera kupatsanura kushanda pamwe muzvikamu zvina kana mhando, izvo zviri:

Semantic kusabatana

Izvo zvine chekuita nekuona kuti iro revo chaiyo reruzivo rwakatsinhaniswa runonzwisisika zvisinganzwisisike nezvose zvikumbiro zvakabatanidzwa mune yakapihwa mutengidziro uye zvinogonesa masisitimu kusanganisa ruzivo rwakagamuchirwa pamwe nezvimwe zviwanikwa zveruzivo uye nekudaro vozvigadzirisa nemazvo.

Kushanda pamwe kwesangano

Inobata nekutsanangudza zvinangwa zvebhizinesi, modelling maitiro uye kufambisa kubatana pakati pehutungamiriri vanoshuva kuchinjana ruzivo uye vanogona kuve neakasiyana masangano emasangano nemaitiro emukati. Uye tungamira, zvichibva pane zvinodiwa nenharaunda yevashandisi, masevhisi ayo anofanirwa kuwanikwa, ari nyore kuzivikanwa, anowanikwa uye anoshandiswa nevashandisi.

Kubatana kwehunyanzvi

Inovhara nyaya dzehunyanzvi (HW, SW, Telecom), Inodiwa kuti ubatanidze macomputer masystem uye masevhisi, kusanganisira akakosha maficha senge akavhurika maficha, ekubatanidza masevhisi, data yekubatanidza uye middleware, dhata mharidzo uye kuchinjana, kuwanika uye kuchengetedzeka masevhisi.

Kusabatana Kutonga

Kana Nyika (Hurumende) dzichibatanidzwa mukufambidzana, chikamu ichi kana mhando inoitika iyoyo inoreva zvibvumirano pakati pehurumende nevatambi vanobatanidzwa mukufambidzana kwemaitiro uye maitiro ekuzviita. Nehutongi, zvinoitirwa kuti zviremera zveruzhinji zvive nehurongwa hunodiwa hwekusimbisa mashandiro ekushandira pamwe, kuve nechokwadi chekubvumidzwa kwavo, uye nekupa iwo masangano neanokwanisa ehurongwa nehunyanzvi kugona kuishandisa.

Technologies

Kune akawanda aripo matekinoroji kuzadzikisa kusabatana maitiro, kunyanya padanho rehurumende. Imwe yadzo kazhinji iko kushandiswa kwe Webhu savhizheni (Webhu Services kana WS), izvo zvisiri chinhu kupfuura seti yemaprotocol uye zviyero zvinoshandira kuchinjanisa dhata pakati pekushandisa (Mapurogiramu).

WS inofambisa kuchinjaniswa kwedata pakati pezvakasiyana maApp yakagadzirwa nemitauro yakasiyana siyana, uye yakaitwa pane akasiyana mapuratifomu eOS, kuitira kuti vakwanise kuratidzwa pane chero Chigadzirwa, Zvishandiso kana Platform yakabatana neInternet. WSs ndeye itsva inoshanda modhi yezvikumbiro zvekutaurirana neumwe neumwe uchishandisa iyo Internet.

Uye ivo vanounza mabhenefiti akakosha kune iyo yekudyidzana maitiro sezvo ichibvumidza maApplication zvisinei nehunhu hwavo kana chikuva chekuuraya kuti vataurirane, kuburikidza nekumisikidzwa kwematanho uye zvinyorwa-zvakavakirwa protocols, kufambisa mukana kune izvo zvirimo (Ruzivo / Dhata) uye kunzwisisa kwakaringana kwekushanda kwayo.

Maitiro

Pakati pemaitiro anonyanya kushandiswa muWS isu tine:

• XML: XML (Mutauro Wakawedzerwa weMarkup)
• Sipo: (.
• WSDL: WDSL (Webhu Tsanangudzo Mutauro)
• UDI: UDDI (Universal Dudziro, Kuwanikwa uye Kubatanidzwa)

Mhando

Pakati pemhando dzinozivikanwa dzeWS ndedzinotevera:

• SOAP-based Web Services: Izvo zvinoshandisa mameseji eXML anoteera iyo SOAP standard, uye vachishandisa WSDL mune yavo interface.
• RESTful-based Web Services: Izvo zvinoshandisa HTTP, URI, MIME, kuitiswa mune yakapusa kana isina kuomarara masisitimu.

Mhedziso

Kutsvaga kwekushandirana kwemaitiro akasiyana, angave epachena kana epachivande, kana pakati pavo, inogona kuwedzera munzira yakanaka, mabhenefiti nezvakanaka, zvemagariro kana zvekushambadzira, zvakanyanya kune mugari ari nyore, sekune nyanzvi nyanzvi kana muzvinabhizimusi mukuru kana mutungamiri wezvematongerwo enyika.

Iyo homogenization yezvibvumirano, maitiro uye zvivakwa zvinogona kuvandudza kugona kupa uye kugutsa zvakakodzera zvinhu, zvigadzirwa nemasevhisi, kudzikamisa kukanganisa kwezvinogona kukanganisa zvenguva, mashandiro kana kusapindirana.

Zvese zvepamusoro zvinzvimbo Kusabatana sechinhu chakakosha kupa munhu wese nehunhu hunodiwa paruzhinji uye zvakavanzika masevhisi, zvinobudirira uye pamutengo wakaderera kwazvo. Kuderedza kusakosha, kudzokorora, kushungurudzika uye kunyange nemitengo yekuwedzera.

Uye kunyangwe mune zvimwe zviitiko, gonesa kuwedzera kwekuwana mukana wepamusoro-soro weruzivo uye nemabasa anoshanda, kubva kune imwe nharaunda nenzira inoshanda uye yakavimbika, ndiko kuti, nenzira inoshanda, inobatsira, yakavhurika, yakachengeteka, yakavanzika, inochinjika uye inokwikwidza nzira.