Marezinesi ekuvandudza Mahara uye Akavhurika Software: Maitiro akanaka

Una software rezinesi, kutaura zvakawanda, inogona kutsanangurwa se chibvumirano pakati pe munyori (musiki) muridzi wekodzero dzekushandisa uye nekugovera chigadzirwa chakagadzirwa uye mutengi kana mushandisi of it

Saka, zvese marezinesi Nedudziro, izvo zvinosanganisira kuzadzikiswa kweakateedzana e mazwi nemitemo yakasimbiswa nemunyori (musiki). Ndokunge, a software rezinesi, hapana chimwe chinopfuura iyo kodzero yekushandisa yechirongwa chiri pasi pemamwe maparamende anogamuchirwa.

Mhando dzeSoft License

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, software marezinesi kazhinji kumisikidza iyo nguva yenguva vachave vakafanana, sezvo vachigona kuva zvachose kana zvishoma. Chimwe chinhu chinogadzira kuumba hunhu hwavo ndeye nzvimbo, ndiko kuti, ndima iyo kwavachashandiswa mazwi nemitemo yakasimbiswa; sezvo nyika yega yega inowanzove nemirau yayo maererano software rezinesi.

Rezinesi anowanzove akasiyana zvichienderana ne mhando yeSoftware kuvhara, ndokuti, yega mhando yeRisense uye / kana Software inotsanangura imwe. Pakati pemarezinesi anozivikanwa uye / kana Software isu tinogona kutaura:

Mahara zvigadzirwa zve software, izvo zvisiri zvemahara kana zvakavhurika software

• Rezinesi rekurasa: Iyo inobvumidza mushandisi kushandisa iyo software mune mamiriro ekusiiwa (isina ma copyright ese) yeruzhinji uye yakasimbiswa nemunyori wayo. Kufambisa kuzadzikiswa kwekushandurwa uye kugoverwa nevamwe.
• Rezinesi Yekutarisira: Iyo inobvumira mushandisi kodzero dzakafanana seye Freeware rezinesi; asi kukoka zvakafanana kuti vape mupiro usiri wekumanikidza kana kugadzirisa, mukutsigira mipiro yekutsigira zvinangwa zvevanhu, rubatsiro uye mamwe maratidziro ane hukama. Kazhinji kubvumira mushandisi kuteedzera uye kuishandura pasina zvirambidzo.
• Rezinesi reCrippleware: Iyo inobvumira mushandisi kushandisa iyo software mune akareruka vhezheni (lite), ndiko kuti, iine mashoma mabasa achienzaniswa neyakazara kana yepamusoro vhezheni.
• Rezinesi Rezvipo: Iyo inobvumira mushandisi kodzero dzakafanana seye Freeware rezinesi; asi kukoka zvakafanana kuti vape mupiro usiri wekumanikidza kana kugadzirisa, mukufarira kuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwechikumbiro chakataurwa.
• Freeware License: Iyo inobvumidza mushandisi kodzero yemahara yekushandisa uye kuteedzera software pasi pematemu akatsanangurwa nemunyori wechirongwa ichi asingatenderi pasi pechero mamiriro ayo kuchinjwa kana kutengeswa nevechitatu mapato.
• Rezinesi reposikadhi: Iyo inobvumira mushandisi kodzero dzakafanana seye Freeware rezinesi; asi kukoka zvakafanana kutumira tsamba yeposvo, nenzira isiri yekumanikidza kana yekugadzirisa, mukufarira kuvandudzwa kwechigadzirwa.
• Shareware License: Iyo inobvumidza mushandisi kushandisa iyo software yenguva yakatemwa kana zvachose, asi nemabasa akarambidzwa. Izvo zvinogona kumisikidzwa pakubhadhara kweiyo yakazara vhezheni.

Proprietary uye yekutengesa software zvigadzirwa

Un Proprietary software kazhinji nekukanganisa a Proprietary uye yakavharwa software, sezvo marezinesi ayo achiganhurira iyo kuteedzera, kuchinjisa uye kugovera patsva kodzero zvimwechetezvo, kunze kwekunge mushandisi wekupedzisira (mutengi) abhadhara chakati kumunyori kuti ave nekodzero yekuzviita.

Nepo a Zvekutengesa software Iine rezinesi iro rinopa nekusarongeka, mubhadharo weiyo imwe chete kuti ushandiswe. Zvisinei, pane Zvekutengesa software iyo inogona kuve yemahara kana yekudyirasezvazviri Software isiri yemahara uye isiri yekutengesa.

Uyezve, kusvika padanho rakakura kana zvachose, software marezinesi mumunda we Proprietary, yakavharwa, kana yekutengesa software Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa muzvirongwa zvakasiyana siyana, pakati pazvo zvatinogona kutaura.

• Rezinesi reVhoriyamu (Vhoriyamu)
• Yakadzama Chigadzirwa License (Kutengesa)
• Kupihwa marezenisi emagetsi nechimwe chigadzirwa (OEM)

Zvakare, kana a Mushandisi wekupedzisira kazhinji tora iyo Yakadzama rezinesi inowanzozivikanwa se: End Mushandisi License Chibvumirano (EULA) o End Mushandisi License Chibvumirano (EULA). MuchiRungu rinowanzodaidzwa kunzi End-Mushandisi License Chibvumirano (EULA).

Mamwe marudzi eSoft License

• Kubva kuruzhinji rwevanhu: Izvo izvo zvisinga sanganise zvinhu zve Copyright uye zvinotendera kushandiswa, kuteedzera, kugadzirisa kana kugovera patsva purofiti kana kwete.
• Kopa kuruboshwe: Iyo yaishandiswa mune Mahara Software zvigadzirwa, ayo ekuparadzira mazwi haatenderi vatengesi zvakare kuwedzera chero mimwe mirawo pavanogovanisa kana kuigadzirisa, kuitira kuti iyo yakagadziridzwa vhezheni inofanirawo kunge iri yemahara.
• Kubva semi semi mahara software: Iyo inoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa izvo zvisiri Mahara Software, asi inobvumidza kushandiswa, kuteedzera, kugovera uye kugadzirisa kune vasina-purofiti vanhu.

Dzimwe tsananguro dzinoenderana

• Patent: Ndiyo seti yekodzero dzakasarudzika dzinovimbiswa nehurumende kana chiremera kumugadziri wechigadzirwa chitsva (chinobatika kana chisingabatike) chinokwanisa kushandiswa nemaindasitiri kuitira zvakanaka zvemunyoreri kwenguva yakati rebei.
• Copyright kana Copyright: Fomu redziviriro rinopihwa nemitemo iri kushanda munyika zhinji kune vanyori vemabasa ekutanga kusanganisira zvinyorwa, zvinoshamisa, zvemimhanzi, zvehunyanzvi uye zvehungwaru mabasa, ese akaburitswa uye akamirira kutsikiswa.

Mahara Software uye Open Source License

Mahara Software

El Free software ndiyo software inoremekedza iyo mushandisi uye nharaunda rusununguko. Zvakare kutaura, zvinoreva kuti vashandisi vane iyo rusununguko rwekumhanya, kuteedzera, kugovera, kudzidza, kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa software.

Panyaya dze Free Software uye kunyanya nezve Marezinesi anotenderwa (akasimbiswa / akatsigirwa) chiremera chepamusoro pane ichi ndicho Yemahara Software Foundation (FSF). Muchikamu charo chakatsaurirwa ku Marezinesi anotenderwa uye muchikamu che Marezinesi anotenderwa o Chinyorwa cheRisense (yeSoftware, Gwaro uye mamwe mabasa, anoenderana kana kwete neiyo General Ruzhinji License (GPL), uye kwete mahara), yeiyo GNU Sangano zvinotaurwa pakati pevamwe vazhinji, izvo zvinotsanangurwa pazasi:

Mhando

• Iyo GNU General Ruzhinji Rezinesi: Inowanzoidaidzwa kuti GPL - GNU, inoshandiswa kune mazhinji mapurogiramu eGNU uye kweanopfuura hafu yemapakeji eSoftware. Yekupedzisira ndiyo vhezheni nhamba 3, kunyangwe iyo yapfuura vhezheni 2 yayo ichiri kushandiswa.
• Iyo GNU Mudiki General Ruzhinji Rezinesi: Inowanzoidaidzwa kuti LGPL - GNU, uye inoshandiswa kune mamwe (kwete ese) maraibhurari eGNU. Yekupedzisira iri vhezheni 3, kunyangwe iyo yapfuura vhezheni 2.1 yayo ichiri kushandiswa.
• Iyo Affero General Ruzhinji Rezinesi: Inowanzozivikanwa kuti AGPL - GNU, yakavakirwa paGNU GPL, asi iine chimwe chirevo chinobvumidza vashandisi kudyidzana nechirongwa chakabvumidzwa pamusoro penetiweki kuti vatore kodhi yekodhi yechirongwa ichocho. Chazvino vhezheni 3.
• Iyo yeGNU Yemahara Gwaro Rezinesi: Inowanzoidaidzwa kuti FDL - GNU kana GFDL, iri fomu reCopyleft License rakagadzirirwa zvinyorwa, mabhuku kana mamwe magwaro. Chinangwa chayo ndechekuona kuti munhu wese ane rusununguko rwekuteedzera uye kugovera patsva basa, riine kana pasina kushandurwa, kushambadzira kana kushambadzira. Iyo yazvino vhezheni nhamba 1.3.

Vhura sosi

Iyo Software Kuvhura sosi inoreva software iyo dhairekodhi yakaiswa ku mafungiro vakasununguka kubva pasirese pasirese uye inopihwa marezinesi ayo anofambisa mashandisirwo ayo kana kuchinjika kune akasiyana mamiriro. Izvo zvinonyanya kusiyana ne Free Software, sezvo yekupedzisira ichidzivirira rusununguko rwevashandisi nenharaunda inoisanganisa, nepo Open Source values ​​inonyanya kukosha zvinoshanda uye kwete zvakanyanya iwo marongero erusununguko anopiwa naiye Free Software.

Panyaya dze Open Source uye kunyanya nezve Marezinesi anotenderwa (akasimbiswa / akatsigirwa) chiremera chepamusoro pane ichi ndicho Vhura Sosi Initiative (OSI). Muchikamu charo chakatsaurirwa ku Marezinesi anotenderwa zvinotaurwa pakati pevamwe vazhinji, izvo zvinotsanangurwa pazasi:

Mhando

• Apache 2.0
• BSD - Chikamu 3
• MaharaBSD - Chikamu 2
• GPL - GNU
• LGPL - GNU
• with
• mozilla 2.0
• Yakajairika yekuvandudza uye yekugovera rezinesi
• Eclipse vhezheni 2.0

OSI zvakare ine Rondedzero yeOSI License nezvose zvinogamuchirwa. Zvizhinji zveizvi Vhura Matsime Rezinesi dzinozivikanwa, dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kana dzine nharaunda dzakasimba uye dzinotenderwa ne Yemahara Software Foundation (FSF).

Maitiro akanaka

Yedu chinyorwa, isu takatora semuenzaniso iyo Miitiro yakanaka nhumbu uye kuburitswa ne "Code yeKubudirira Initiative" Del Inter-American Development Bank, pachiyero che License Software, iyo inofanirwa kutorwa painogadzira zvigadzirwa zve software (zvishandiso zvemadhijitari), kunyanya yemahara uye yakavhurika

Pakati pe maitiro akanaka anopiwa navo, pane zve License Software aya ndiwo ataurwa pazasi:

a) Sanganisira yakavhurwa sosi rezinesi

Ichitaura zvaunokurudzira, ndeiyi:

"... MIT, iyo inopa rusununguko kune vamwe vashandisi sekureba sekureva kwavo kweyekutanga musiki; rezinesi Apache 2.0. uye iyo GNU GPL marezinesi, iyo inoda kuti chero munhu anogovera kodhi yako kana basa rinotora kuti aite kudaro achichengeta sosi uye mazwi zvakafanana. Vateresi vanopa mvumo yakajeka yekodzero dzepamutemo".

b) Sanganisira rezinesi yezvinyorwa

Ichitaura zvaunokurudzira, ndeiyi:

"Isu tinokurudzira kushandiswa kweakasika commons marezinesi ekupa marezenisi ezvishandiso zvinyorwa. Iyo CC0-1.0, CC-BY-4.0 uye CC-BY-SA-4.0 semuenzaniso iwo marezinesi akavhurika anoshandiswa kune asiri-software zvinhu, kubva kumatare edhata kusvika kumavhidhiyo. Ziva kuti CC-BY-4.0 uye CC-BY-SA-4.0 ivo havafanirwe kushandiswa kune software. Kune zvishandiso zvakagadzirwa neIDB panguva ino, tinokurudzira kushandisa iyo Creative Commons IGO 3.0 Attribution-Isingaenzaniswi-NoDerivative (CC-IGO 3.0 BY-NC-ND)".

Chekupedzisira, kana iwe uchida kuverenga yedu 2 zvinyorwa zvekare zvakabatana Nedingindira isu tinokusiira iwe zvinongedzo pazasi: "Maitiro akanaka ekuvandudza mahara uye akavhurika Software: Zvinyorwa" y "Unhu Hwemhando: Maitiro akanaka mukuvandudzwa kweMahara Software".

Mhedziso

Tinovimba izvozvo ndizvo "inobatsira shoma posvo" nezve «Buenas prácticas» mumunda we «Licencias» kushandisa kwaari «Software libre y abierto» yakagadzirirwa, ndeyekufarira uye kushandiswa, kune iyo yese «Comunidad de Software Libre y Código Abierto» uye yemupiro mukuru mukupararira kweinoshamisa, hombe uye kukura ecosystem yezvishandiso zve uye zve «GNU/Linux».

Uye kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, usazeze nguva dzose kushanyira chero Raibhurari yepaindaneti Chemhondoro OpenLibra y jedit kuverenga mabhuku (maPDF) pamusoro penyaya iyi kana zvimwe nzvimbo dzekuziva. Parizvino, kana iwe waifarira izvi «publicación», usarega kuigovana nevamwe, mune yako Anofarira mawebhusaiti, chiteshi, mapoka, kana nharaunda yemasocial network, zviri nyore yemahara uye yakavhurika se Mastodon, kana kuchengetedzeka uye zvakavanzika senge teregiramu.

Kana kungo shanyira peji redu repamba pa DesdeLinux kana kujoina iyo yepamutemo Chiteshi Teregiramu ye DesdeLinux kuverenga uye kuvhotera izvi kana zvimwe zvinonakidza zvinyorwa pa «Software Libre», «Código Abierto», «GNU/Linux» uye mimwe misoro ine chekuita ne «Informática y la Computación», and the «Actualidad tecnológica».