Maitiro ekudzivirira zvakavanzika zvako paInternet

Iko kusatendeka kwePRISM Chirongwa cheNational Security Agency (NSA), yakaburitswa nezvakazarurwa zvaEdward Snowden, yakaisa nyaya yekuvanzika paInternet (kunyangwe isiri yega mukati mayo, zvakare mune dzimwe nzvimbo senge yemeseji mameseji, nezvimwe. .).

Pfungwa dzekufungisisa

Nepo mune mamwe mativi epasi, kutonga pamusoro peInternet kunoitika chete kuburikidza nehurumende kupindira - zvikuru munyika dzine hunyanzvi hweudzvanyiriri- mune vamwe kuti kupindira kunoramba kuripo asi nenzira yakaoma kunzwisisa. Munyika dzemabhizimusi, kunyanya dziya dziri "pakati", kupindira kwehurumende kwakabatana zvakanyanya nekukura kweyeredzi yezvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi, hwaro hwayo hwakakosha iwebhu. Ndiri kunyatsofunga nezveUnited States, uko Facebook, Google, Microsoft kana Twitter vanounganidza ruzivo rwakawanda uye rwakawanda kubva kuvashandisi uye ndiko kuti ruzivo rwunoshandiswa nehurumende kuitira - kazhinji rwunoshandiswa kuita njodzi - « Kuchengetedzwa kwenyika ". Kusanzwisisa kubatana uku pakati pehurumende nemusika kuri kurarama mukusaziva zvachose uye kusanzwisisa dambudziko mukuoma kwaro kwese.

Kunyangwe iyo Internet iri netiweki, uye nekudaro yakavakirwa pane isina-hierarchical chimiro, zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya isu tiri kuona yayo centralization mune mashoma maoko. Mune mamwe mazwi, nekuwedzera uye mashoma makambani mashoma anobata ruzivo rwese pawebhu. Zvinotoshamisa kuti izvi zvakaitwa nguva zhinji nemvumo yevashandisi avo kuitira nyore kana nekuda kwe "kuve" vakapa yavo data kana, zvakananga, vakaita saizvozvo vasingazvizive. Mune mamwe mazwi, kuiswa pakati kwewebhu ndiko kuita, kusvika padanho rakakura, rekuzvimiririra kuronga. Iwo makambani anoita bhizinesi neruzivo irworwo, sezviri pachena achipa akawanda mabhenefiti emahara uye achitishandura isu, vashandisi, muchigadzirwa chiri kutengeswa. Munyika uko izvi zvisingaitike, chirongwa chakazvimiririra chinotsiviwa nehurongwa hwehurumende (China, Egypt, Cuba, nezvimwewo). Ndosaka ndichitaura kuti zvirongwa zviviri izvi hazvifananidzwe, uye hazvina kunaka kushora imwe nzira yekupindira uye kufuratira imwe: "Egypt yakaipa, Google yakanaka" (kana imwe nzira yakatenderedza).

Kune rimwe divi, ini ndinofunga zvakakosha zvikuru kuyeuka kuti Nyika hadzisi "bowling mipira", yunifomu, yakafanana uye yakavharwa. Zvakapesana neizvozvo, ndipo apo panoratidzwa zvido zveveruzhinji, kunyange zvinopesana kune mumwe nemumwe. Izvi zvinoreva kuti maStates haasi "mapeti" emakambani asi anogona kazhinji kureva muganho wezvavanofarira. Izvi zvinoonekwa kune rimwe bhodhi. Chete kana isu tichifunga nezveHurumende nenzira iyi kunovhura mukana wekurwira mitemo inochengetedza vashandisi zvakanyanya.

Chimwe chezvinhu chinonyanya kuomesa mutemo weInternet ndechekuti nzvimbo yenzvimbo yehutongi hweAmerica inoisa muganho pamunda wavo wekuita, usingaenzane necomputer yeInternet kana yekambani (iyo isingamire uve nenharaunda, asi chiyero chinodarika miganho yenharaunda).

Uyezve, zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti Nyika dzakasiyana hadzina simba rakafanana kana basa rakafanana mukati mechirongwa chepasi rose. Nenzira imwe chete iyo inoitika kune mamwe matunhu, iyo North America State haina kufanana neBrazilian State, kupa muenzaniso. Pfungwa dze "center" uye "periphery" dzinogona kukubatsira kuti unzwisise zvandiri kutaura.

Chekupedzisira, ndinoona zvichinakidza kukakavara nekufungisisa zvinotevera: kuuya kubva muchiitiko chekutanga "kushomeka kwemutemo" weInternet uye ndichifunga kuti nguva imwe neimwe yatinoenda kune yakasarudzika kuiswa pakati kweruzivo, ndinozvibvunza ini: kana tichifanira kutsigira kuti tidzokere kune "zvisiri-mutemo" zveInternet - chimwe chinhu senge Rousseauian State of Nature- kana zvichikosha kutsigira "mutemo" uyo unopa mukana vashandisi (chimwe chinhu senge mutemo unochengetedza mugari nekodzero dzegutsaruzhinji) ? Kutendeseka, ini handizive kuti kusvika papi kutsigira kudzoka kune "anarchic" system isina chero mhando yemutemo inogona kuve utopia kana, zvakatoipa, inogona kushanda kutamba mutambo wemahombe mahombe. Pamwe ndosaka tichikwanisa kuona Google ichidzivirira "isiri-mutemo" (nyika) yeInternet. WTF! Hatifanire kukanganwa ichi chokwadi chakakura chekuti dzimwe nyika, sedzangu, dzakadzidza kuburikidza nenzara nehurombo: kushayikwa kwemitemo nehurumende zvakare rudzi rwehurongwa hwehurumende, inonzi neoliberalism.

Ngatitii, saka, kuti mhinduro ndeye kuyedza kukurukura mutemo weInternet. Pakadaro, hapana kwekutiza: izvi ZVINOFANIRA kunge zviri zvepasi rose nekuda kwechimiro chaicho cheInternet, uye kuti "mutemo wepasi rese" unogona kungobvumiranwa neMatunhu (izvo zvaigoneka sezvo Nyika dzisiri "bowling mipira" ).). Muenzaniso unogona kuve danho reEuropean Union kudzora Google mukondinendi yekare kana mitemo ye «kusarerekera mambure«, Senge iyo yakatemerwa Chile.

Izvi hazvireve kuti mhando dzese dzekupindira kwenyika paInternet (kana zvimwewo zvinhu) zvine hungwaru "zvakanaka" kana "zvakaipa", asi hazvireve kuti haina kukundikana "yakaipa" kana "isingadiwe". Sezvo isu tichigona kuwana zvirongwa zvinorumbidzwa, kune zvekare Maminitsi uye nekumwe kuyedza kwakawanda kunoitwa nenyika dzepasi rose kuisa chiratidzo chavo pamhepo. Uku kupesana kunogoneka nekuti, sekutaura kwatamboita, hazviite kufunga nezveHurumende sechimwe chinhu kana chishandiso chiri mumawoko emumwe munhu, asi senzira yekupesana, ine mitswe. Kuedza kwedu kunofanirwa kunangidzirwa, mumaonero angu, kumanikidza kupokana uku; Kuedza kusiri nyore zvachose, kunyanya kana kune rimwe divi kune mahombe mahombe, ane purofiti inopfuura iyo GDP yenyika dzinoverengeka dzakabatanidzwa uye kuti kazhinji kazhinji kunyange iine rutsigiro rwematunhu avanowanikwa.

Mubvunzo wakaoma unosara mupombi ndewekuti: kana mutemo uchidikanwa (kudzora simba remunhu akazvimiririra kana hurumende dziri musimba, semuenzaniso) uye nzira chete yekuzadzikisa mutemo uyu ndeyemitemo, kubatana pamwe nezvibvumirano zvepasi rose. nyika dzedu dzinofanirwa kudzivirira (Ndiri kutaura, semuenzaniso, yeLatin America kana, zvakanyanyisa, "iripiri")? Uye, zvakafanana, zvichave zvakafanira kujekesa pamusoro pemhinduro kune inotevera: nderudzii rwemitemo idzo hurumende dzenyika dzichada kunyorera munzvimbo dzadzo chikamu chikuru cheruzivo rweInternet chakachengetwa uye panowanikwa makambani makuru eetekinoroji. kugara? Kana rudzii rwemutemo urwo idzo hurumende dzinodzvinyirira-dzinotsvaga? Uye pakupedzisira: ndeipi nzvimbo yakanakisa yekupa gakava iri: nyika mbiri, dunhu, wepasirese?

Mhando ye "mutemo" wandiri kutaura nezvayo ndeumwe kunze kwekuyedza kuve nechokwadi cheInternet kuti munhu wese asvike, pasina zvirambidzo. Izvo hazvisi zvekuvaka "mapurisa epasi rese", izvo zvingave zvakare zvisingaite uye zvisina musoro. Mune mamwe mazwi, kwandiri, chinangwa hachisi chakaipa, mutemo wemapurisa, asi mutemo wakanaka, kuitira kudzivirira uye kuvimbisa kodzero uye kodzero dzevagari vemo, muchiitiko ichi sevashandisi veInternet. Handitende kuti izvi zvinogona kuitika - uye zvichave zvishoma uye zvishoma kudaro - pasina chero rudzi rwekupindira kwenyika pamwe nekudyidzana: semuenzaniso, mugari weBrazil angadzivirira sei kwavo zvakavanzika kana data ravo rakachengetwa mune imwe nyika? Mune democracy, nzira chete yekudzivirira kodzero dzako zvese zvinofarirwa nevaya vari vega uye nehurumende iri musimba iri kuburikidza nemitemo (avo vasina rombo rakanaka kugara muhutongi hwegutsaruzhinji, zvinopera pasina kutaura kuti vane Izvo zvakanyanya kuomarara), asi ivo vane miganho yenzvimbo imwechete sekuzvitonga kweAmerica, ndosaka kubatana kwepasi rose kuchikosha.

Ini ndinobvuma kuti chinzvimbo changu hachisi nyore, nekuti pamusoro zvinoita kunge zvakasununguka kudzivirira "isiri-mirau" uye kudzokera kuRousseauian State of Nature umo isu tese tinomhanya nesango takabatana ruoko. Iyo joke ndeyekuti "mutemo" unotyiwa zvakadaro watovepo uye haungosimbiswi chete nemasimba eMatunhu (kazhinji, iwo e "epakati" uye kuti "periphery" inofanirwa kuzviisa pasi), asiwo kuburikidza nemabhizimusi akazvimirira. Kuchengeta uye kushambadzira ruzivo rwedu ndicho chiratidzo chakanakisa cheizvi: isu tave chigadzirwa chiri kutengeswa. Zvisinei, ... gakava rakavhurika. Ini ndatokanda dombo rekutanga ...

Dzimwe nzira dzekutarisira zvakavanzika zvako (zvishoma)

Pakupedzisira, iyo PRISM yekunyomba yakabatsira kuisa nyaya idzi patafura uye zvakatungamira vanhu vazhinji kusarudza kuita rudzi rwe "zvine musoro kunwa" paInternet. Iye rimwe zuva Ndakaenda kumusangano we Werner koch, mukuru weGnuPG, uyo akataura kuti "zvinokwanisika kuti hapana mumwe wedu anogona kumira pakurwisa kwakanangwa, asi chero bedzi tikaramba tiri mukati me'vanhu vazhinji 'pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvatingaite kuti tirege kuteedzera." Zvichida ndizvozvo. Kudzivirirwa kwakazara hakugoneke, asi pane zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvatingaite "nhasi uye ikozvino" kudzikisira kuteedzera neese makuru monopolies nedzimwe hurumende.

Heano mamwe ezve "zvakachengeteka" kutsiva kune anoshanda masisitimu, mashandisirwo uye epamhepo masevhisi akataurwa naKoch muhurukuro yake uye anogona kuwanikwa 'mazwi' pawebhusaiti https://prism-break.org/#es.