Ungachinja sei marongero eBIOS kubhoot Linux kubva Live CD / USB

Imwe yematanho makuru kuve pindirana pakati pe vashandisi vasina ruzivo uye kushandiswa kwemamwe masisitimu anoshanda kazhinji ndiko kuiswa kweBIOS. Paso yakapusa asi kutsoropodza y zvinodiwa nokuti edza e instalar chero kugovera Linux.

Kazhinji kutaura

Kana iyo live-cd kana live-usb yewaunofarira distro yagadzirwa, inongosara yekumisikidza iyo BIOS kuitira kuti system bhutsu kubva kune inoenderana dhiraivha.

Sekutsanangurwa kupfupi, ngatitii kana uchitanga komputa, chinhu chekutanga chakatakurwa iBIOS (Basic Input / Output System), ine chinangwa chikuru kuita maitiro anoona kushanda chaiko kweiyo Hardware uye gare gare kurodha iyo inoshanda sisitimu. Mune mamwe mazwi, ndicho chidzitiro icho chaunoona pamberi pesisitimu yekushandisa isati yatanga kurodha (ingave Windows kana chero imwe).

Izvo zvatinofanirwa kuita kuyedza uye / kana kuisa Linux kupinza iyo BIOS yekumisikidza skrini uye uudze kuti pane kutanga iyo inoshanda sisitimu iyo yakaiswa pane yakaoma dhisiki, tanga iyo iri mune yedu yekurarama-cd kana live-usb, sezvazvingaite.

Maitiro ekupinda iyo BIOS yekumisikidza skrini

Nehurombo, hapana nzira yepasirese yekuzadzisa iri basa sezvo yega mamaboard modhi inouya neiyo chaiyo BIOS uye zvinogona kunge zvisingaite kunyora yakazara yakazara mamaneja ekugadzirisa. Nekudaro, kana tikazvibvumira kutakurirwa neiyo intuition, maitiro acho ari nyore.

Kuti uite izvi, kana iwe ukabatanidza iyo michina uye nekukurumidza kana yekutanga meseji ikatanga kuoneka, unogona kudzvanya iyo «Kumbomira» kiyi yekumisa bhuti maitiro uye uone zvinoonekwa pachiratidziro nechivimbo. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa nekukasira nekuti mameseji ataurwa anoonekwa chete masekonzi mashoma.

Kana iwe usingakwanise kumisa maitiro ekutanga, tarisa nokungwarira pachiratidziro chekutanga. Pazasi pechidzitiro ichi panowanzove netambo yakafanana neiyi: «Dhinda F2 kuti upinde SETUP». Ehe, kiyi inogona kuve chero imwe. Anonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeaya: [DEL] kana [Del], [Isa], [Esc], [F2], [F1], [F10] kana chero kiyi yebasa.

Mamwe maBIOSes matsva anotenderawo kusarudza chimbo chekushandisa uchishandisa imwe kiyi, pasina kuwana iyo setup peji yeBIOS. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kazhinji zvakajairika kugadzirisa izvi marongero uye nekuti izvi zvinotadzisa mushandisi kugadzira kumwe kuchinjwa nekutadza. Kana iyo BIOS iine iyi "nzira ipfupi", ingoshandisa iyo miseve yekhibhodi uye sarudza inoenderana bhuti kifaa.

Iyi "nzira ipfupi", zvakadaro, inoshanda chete kwekutanga kutanga; nguva inotevera iyo sisitimu yekushandisa yakaiswa pane hard disk ichatanga. Nekudaro, kudzokorora, kuita shanduko "zvachose", kana muchiitiko chekuti BIOS haina iyo "nzira pfupi" yambotaurwa, unofanirwa kudzvanya kiyi inoenderana kuti upinde iyo BIOS yekumisikidza skrini, inogona chakasiyana zvachose neicho chinoratidzwa pano, asi iine hunhu hwakafanana uye mabhenefiti.

Gadzira iyo boot drive

Apa ndipo patinogona kungopa chete madhairekitori, nekuti iyo BIOS yekumisikidza skrini inosiyana kubva pabhodhi kuenda kubhodhi. Nekudaro, mune zvakajairika mazwi, iwe unofanirwa kutsvaga iyo tabu yakafanana neiyo "Boot" kana mukova unonzi «Boot kuteedzana» kana «Boot pekutanga» mukati mezve yakawanda «general» tab yeiyo «Yepamberi BIOS Zvimiro» maitiro.

Panguva ino zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti apa ndipo pane iyo kuteedzana bhuti. Izvi zvinoreva kuti isu tichaisa cheni yezvinokosha: kutanga, kuti inoedza kubhuroka kubva ku cd kana iyo usb (zvinoenderana nekuti tinoda kuyedza sei distro yedu); kana izvo zvikatadza, zvinoedza kubhuroka kubva kune yekushandisa system yakaiswa pane hard drive, zvichingodaro.

Nzira yekusarudza ma tabo kana kushandura marongero akasiyana kwazvo. Dzimwe nguva inyaya yekungoshandisa miseve, dzimwe nguva iwe unofanirwa kushandisa PgUp uye PgDn makiyi, nezvimwe. Nekudaro, mukoramu kurudyi iwe unogara uchiwana tafura inotsanangura inoratidza matanho ekutevera. Pazasi, kune chikamu chayo, pinda makiyi ekutsikirira kuti uite mabasa akajairika. Ruzivo rwechirungu rweChirungu rwakakwana kuti unzwisise zvekuita.

Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, chengetedza shanduko dzako uye ubude purogiramu yekumisikidza. Kuti uite izvi, iwe unofanirwa kudzvanya inoenderana kiyi (mune iyo yapfuura skrini, F10).

Yakare BIOS

Mamwe maBIOS akura haauye nerutsigiro rwekutora mota kubva ku USB drive. Muchiitiko ichocho, sarudzo yakanakisa inowanzo shandisa live-CD kuyedza yako yaunoda Linux distro. Nekudaro, zvakare zvinokwanisika kumanikidza bhuti kubva kuUSB (pasina inoenderana BIOS tsigiro yeiyi) uchishandisa PLOP Bhuti Maneja.

Zvimwewo, maBIOS akura haatombosanganisi rutsigiro rwekutora mota kubva kuCD-ROM drive. Muchiitiko ichocho, iyo yakasarudzika sarudzo ingangove yekushandisa bhutsu mafiripi, ayo chete mashoma Linux mini-distros wana. Neraki, kana muchina uine CD kuverenga, zvinokwanisika kubhuroka kubva kune live-cd, kunyangwe kana iyo BIOS isingatsigire, uchishandisa Smart Boot Maneja o PLOP Bhuti Maneja.

UEFI uye Yakachengeteka Boot

Iyo Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) ndeye tsananguro inotsvaga kutsiva iyo yekare interface yeBIOS, iyo kune vakawanda yaive zvakare "makumi masere" uye iine chimiro chakafanana kune yekare DOS. Uye zvakare, inosanganisa akati wandei maficha, izvo zvisiri izvo chinangwa chechinyorwa chino, pakati pazvo zvinonzi "safe boot" kana "safe boot" inomira

Yakachengeteka Boot inodzivirira komputa kubva kutanga iyo inoshanda system kana iyo boot loader isina chitupa chedigital chinoshanda, mhedzisiro yekumisidzana kuchinjaniswa kwekodhi yakaipa. Nenzira iyi, chero bootkit-mhando malware haizokwanisa kushanda nemazvo.

Zvisinei, chokwadi chekuti Microsoft yakamanikidza vagadziri kugovera makomputa avo nesarudzo iyi inogoneswa kuitira kuti vawane chitupa cheWindows 8 chakagadzirwa zvikuru kumutsa. Kunyanya, zvinetsekana kuti chimiro ichi chinoshanda icho chingori chinangwa chekudzivirira vashandisi kutanga iyo inoshanda system isiri Windows. Mune ino kesi, icho chinodikanwa chiri chikuru chekurambidzwa kune vashandisi, kwete chekuchengetedza chinhu.

Sekureva kweMicrosoft, kune maviri "anovimbisa" kuti izvi hazviitike. Kune rimwe divi, unogona kudzima vese UEFI (kuburikidza nebhutsu uchishandisa "BIOS inoenderana modhi", inozivikanwawo se "Legacy Boot") uye Yakachengeteka Boot. Kune rimwe divi, mvumo yekuti Secure Boot inoda siginicha yedhijitari inopihwa neakazvimiririra masimba, asiri iye anogadzira kana Microsoft.

Ichokwadi ndechekuti parizvino kugoverwa kweLinux kuri kungopa yavo matanho ekutanga kukwanisa kumhanya pamashini ane UEFI uye Yakachengeteka Boot inogoneswa.

Mune mamiriro azvino ezvinhu, zvakanakisa kudzima Yakachengeteka Boot usati waisa Linux. Tsigiro yeEFI, kune rumwe rutivi, inovandudzwa, kunyangwe ichine zvimwe zvikanganiso. Kana pane kukanganisa, hakuzovi neimwe nzira kunze kwekusarudza iyo "Legacy Boot" uye kudzima iyo UEFI.