How To Fedora: Simudzira kune iyo New Shanduro nePamberi

 

Mune izvi How To Tichaona maitiro ekuvandudza imwe kana akawanda apfuura vhezheni yedu Fedora kune yazvino vhezheni kana mafambiro. Uku ndiko kududzirwa kwechinyorwa Mashandisiro ekushandisa PreUpgrade zvakafanana izvo zvinowanikwa mu Wiki de Fedorapurojekiti. Dudziro iyi yaitwa neangu account, saka kana iwe ukawana zvikanganiso (ini ndinovimba kwete) kana kugadzirisa, ndokumbira undizivise mune zvakataurwa :). Rangarira kuti mirairo yese iri mune ino positi inofanira kuiswa se mudzi ;).

Mashandisiro ekushandisa Preupgrade?

pre-upgrade chishandiso chinomhanya pane iripo vhezheni, inogadzirisa, uye kurodha pasi anodiwa mapakeji kukwidziridza kune itsva vhezheni yeFedora. Munguva yekutangisa kwekutanga, vashandisi vanogona kuramba vachishandisa masystem avo. Izvi zvinokupa iwe chiitiko chakafanana nechaicho chiitiko. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ndapota tarisa kune peji: preupgrade maficha.

Simudzira kune yazvino vhezheni zvakananga

Preupgrade inopa yekuvandudza kune yazvino vhezheni yeFedora. Hapana chikonzero chekusimudzira kune epakati shanduro. Semuenzaniso, zvinokwanisika kusimudzira kubva Fedora 14 kuenda kuFedora 17 zvakananga.

Prerequisites

Iyo sisitimu haigone kukwidziridzwa ne preupgrade mune inotevera kesi:

• Kana yako / bhuti kupatsanura kuri RAID. Ona bug 500004.

Gadzirira iyo system

Nepo preupgrade inogona kupa yakajairika kusimudzira chiitiko, nhanho dzinotevera dzinokurudzirwa usati waenderera.

• Backup - Usati waita chero basa rekuchengetedza pane ino sisitimu, zvinokurudzirwa kuti uite kopi yeese akakosha data usati waenderera.
• Gadziridza - Nyorera zviripo zviripo usati waenderera neye Fedora yekuvandudza Semudzi mushandisi, mhanya unotevera kuraira:

yum update

• Kuiswa - Kutanga naFedora 10, iyo preupgrade utility inosanganiswa mune yeFedora kuisirwa nekutadza. Iyo pasuru inogona zvakare kuiswa manyore uchishandisa iyo yum yekuraira:

yum install preupgrade

Ita iyo yekuvandudza

Kazhinji, PackageKit inokuzivisa iwe kana zvinyorwa zviripo zvehurongwa hwako. Nekudaro, kana iwe ukafunga kukwidziridza nemawoko uchishandisa preupgrade, tevera matanho akanyorwa pazasi.

• Tanga iyo yekutanga yekushandisa se midzi nekuvhura terminal uye nekuita unotevera kuraira:

preupgrade

Kana iwe uchida yekudyidzana yekuraira mutsara application, iwo wekuraira preupgrade-CLI inowanikwawo.

• Pane iyo Sarudza Yako Rinoburitsa skrini, sarudza iyo vhezheni yeFedora yaunoda kugadzirisa, uye tinya bhatani reApply.
• Kana ese mapakeji aburitswa, tangazve iyo sisitimu yekutanga Fedora simaki uye kugadzirisa kune inotevera vhezheni.

Cherekedza kubva <° KubvaLinux: Kana iwe uchida kupinda zvakadzama mune ino maitiro, ndapota shanyira chinyorwa chinotevera: Preupgrade: Kusimudzira Pakati peFedoras, ndatenda Diego Minda nekubatanidza;).

Cherekedza 2 ye <°KubvaLinuxIyo yekuvandudza maitiro inogona zvakare kuitwa kubva kuFedora yekuisa DVD.

Remote ndiwedzere

Preupgrade ine switch iyo inobvumidza kusimudzira iri kure kuburikidza neVNC. Kana iwe uri kushandisa preupgrade yeiri kure kusimudzira, ingangoita mushini une iyo yakamira IP kero. Izvi zvinobatwa kuburikidza neyekutanga kuraira:

preupgrade-cli --vnc[=password] --ip=[IPADDR] --netmask=[NETMASK] --gateway=[IPADDR] --dns=[DNSSERVER] "Fedora 17 (Beefy Miracle)"

Zvakajairika post-kusimudzira mabasa

Mushure mekuvandudza, mamwe matanho anokurudzirwa kupedzisa maitiro.

Isingatsigirwi package kubviswa

Mamwe mapakeji anogona kusatsigirwa neiyo nyowani vhezheni. Iwe ungangoda kubvisa aya mapakeji sezvo iwe uchamira kugashira ekuchengetedza ekuvandudzwa, uye iwo anogona kukonzera gare gare kunetsana nemapakeji nyowani. Izvi zvinogona kuzivikanwa nemirairo inotevera:

package-cleanup --orphans

Tarisa .rpmsave uye .rpmnew mafaera

Mushure mekupedza iyo yekuvandudza maitiro, unogona kucherechedza mamwe mazita mazita achiguma muna .rpmsave y .rpmnew. Usavhunduka. Maitiro ekuvandudza anogara achichengetedza emuno mafaira ekugadzirisa. Iwo mazita emafaira ayo anopera muna .rpmsave ane yemuno gadziriso shanduko. Ipo mazita emafaira anopera muna .rpmnew anomiririra faira rekumisikidza mupakeji yayo yekutanga nesoftware.

Iwe unofanirwa kuongorora ese .rpmsave uye .rpmnew mafaera akagadzirwa neyekuvandudza. Zvichienderana nemisiyano, ungangoda kuti ubatanidze mafaera ekugadzirisa. Unogona kutsvaga mafaera ese anoenderana neakawana yekuraira.

find / -print | egrep "rpm(new|save)$"

Nesarudzo, kumhanyisa kutsva kwakadzokororwa paunenge uchigadzirisa, nekumhanyisa iyo yekuvandudza murairo kutanga, uyezve kushandisa locate kuti utsvage gare gare.

updatedb

locate --regex "rpm(new|save)$"

Tarisa uone kugadzirisa

Mhanya:

yum repolist

Kusimbisa kuti iyo yekumisikidza kurongeka ndeyechokwadi. Wobva wamhanya:

yum distro-sync

Kugadziridza mapakeji pamwe neshanduro dziri munzvimbo yekuchengetera.

Troubleshooting

Hakuna kukwana nzvimbo mu / boot

Fedora 13 uye yepamusoro kushandiswa nekumisikidza 500 MB mune iyo boot partition (/ boot). Iko kusakosha kukosha kweiyo / boot saizi saizi saizi iri 200MB mune dzakapfuura shanduro, izvi zvinogona kuve dambudziko kune vashandisi kukwidziridzwa kubva kune iyo vhezheni. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, iyo diski nzvimbo iyo yakasunungurwa ingangokwana kubvumidza preupgrade kurodha pasi iyo inosimudza, asi haina kukwana kumhanyisa iyo inosimudza uye nekuisa iyo nyowani kernel pakutangisa system. Ichi chikamu chinopa mamwe anozivikanwa matipi ekuenda kubasa. Rangarira: Paunenge uchiita manejimendi mabasa, ita shuwa yekuchengetedza yako data usati waenderera.

Pane nzira mbiri dzekutanga dzekutangisa kushanda muzviitiko izvi. Mune yekutanga nzira, iwe unofanirwa kusunungura inokwana nzvimbo yekuti mugadziri aise iyo nyowani kernel mapakeji. Mune yechipiri nzira, iwe unofanirwa kumbotora mukana wakaringana mu / boot kumanikidza preupgrade kurodha iyo inosimudza mushure mekutanga patsva.

Maitiro 1: Sununguka kumusoro nzvimbo

Kutanga, edza kubvisa kernel mapakeji ayo asiri kushandiswa parizvino pane yako system. Iyo script kernel-prune.py inogona kushandiswa kuziva tsanga dzinogona kubviswa zvakachengeteka. Kana iwe ukasarudza kubvisa iyo yakawedzera tsanga, gadzirira neiyo yekuisa midhiya kuitira kana iwe usingakwanise kudzokera kune yako yakamboiswa system.

Iyo yekumisikidza chirongwa inoda angangoita 26 MB yemahara nzvimbo mu / bhuti. Shandisa unotevera kuraira kuti uone huwandu hwenzvimbo yemahara pane / bhuti kugovera:

df -h /boot

Kuti uone tsanga dzinogona kubviswa zvakachengeteka, mhanya unotevera kubva kumutsara wekuraira:

curl -O 'http://skvidal.fedorapeople.org/misc/kernel-prune.py'

chmod a+x kernel-prune.py

./kernel-prune.py

Zvino, kuti ubvise chaizvo kernel vhezheni dzakanyorwa nemutemo wepamusoro, mhanya unotevera semudzi:

PKGS='./kernel-prune.py'

echo $PKGS

yum remove $PKGS

Wobva wagadzirisa huwandu hwekuchengetwa kwefaera system mabhuroko uchishandisa iyo tune2fs mirairo. Kutanga, iwe uchafanirwa kuona iyo block block yeiyo / boot faira system. Mumuenzaniso unotevera, / dev / sda1 ndiyo block block yeiyo / boot faira system.

mount | grep "/boot"

/ dev / sda1 pa / boot mhando ext4 (rw)

Iye zvino, gadzirisa iyo nhamba yemabhuroko akachengeterwa iyo / boot faira system uchishandisa mirairo tune2fs. Kazhinji, diki diki yenzvimbo pazvikamu neiyo ext faira fomati 'yakachengetwa' uye inogona chete kushandiswa nehurongwa maneja; Uku kudzivirira nzira isingabude, uye kubvumidza maneja imwe nzvimbo yekushandira kuitira kuchenesa zvizere zvikamu. Nekudaro, hapana kana imwe yezviitiko izvi inoshanda chaizvo kune / boot systemystem, saka kubvisa ino yakachengetwa nzvimbo yakachengeteka.

tune2fs -r 0 /dev/sda1

Chekupedzisira, edza kubvisa zvisina basa mafaera kubva ku / boot faira system. Izvi zvinonyanya kutsamira pamaitiro ako masisitimu.

Kubvisa mafaera asiri iwo kunogona kukonzera system isingazobhuye. Vamwe vavhoterwa kubviswa vanosanganisira / bhuti / efi y /boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz.

Maitiro 2: Nyengedza preupgrade kurodha pasi mugadziri

Iyi nzira inoda kuti iwe uve neinternet kubatana kune iyo Internet panguva yekumisikidza. Kana iwe uri mune isina waya modhi uye usingakwanise kubatana uchishandisa Ethernet tambo, iwe uchafanirwa kushandisa nzira 1 pachinzvimbo.

Pakutanga, tsvaga kuti yakawanda sei nzvimbo inowanikwa pane / boot faira system. df ndiwo murairo waunoda weizvi:

df /boot

Filesystem 1K-mabhuroko Anoshandiswa Anowanikwa Kushandisa% Kuiswa pamusoro
/ dev / sda1 198337 30543 157554 17% / boot

Kechipiri, gadzira iyo faira inotora inokwana nzvimbo preupgrade kusarudza kuti stage2 haigone kuiswa izvozvi. Preupgrade inoda inenge 120MB yemufananidzo wekumisikidza saka tichave nechokwadi chekuti tine isingasviki 100MB yenzvimbo iripo. Semuenzaniso, iyo faira system, zvinoreva kuti tinofanirwa kuzadza 60 MB. Heano maitiro ekuzviita semidzi:

dd if=/dev/zero of=/boot/preupgrade_filler bs=1024 count=61440

df /boot

Filesystem 1K-mabhuroko Anoshandiswa Anowanikwa Kushandisa% Kuiswa pamusoro
/ dev / sda1 198337 92224 95873 50% / boot

Panzvimbo yechitatu, mhanya preupgrade senguva dzose. Mumatanho ekutanga, usati warodha pasi mapakeji, preupgrade inofanirwa kukuudza kuti hapana nzvimbo yakakwana yekudhawunirodha iyo inosimudza, asi kuti iwe unogona kuikanda paunotangazve sisitimu kana uine kubatana kwewired. Unogona kudzvanya enderera. Kana preupgrade yagadzirira, usatangise ipapo ipapo. Pane kudaro, bvisa iyo faira / bhuti / preupgrade_filler uye ita shuwa kuti komputa yako yakabatana nenetiweki uchishandisa tambo yeEthernet. Ipapo unogona kudzoreredza iyo system.

rm /boot/preupgrade_filler

Panzvimbo yechina, komputa inofanirwa kubhurawuza muchirongwa chekumisikidza, kubatanidza kuInternet kuburikidza netambo yeEthernet, uye wotanga kurodha pasi stage2 yekumisikidza mufananidzo. Iyo yekuvandudza inofanira kubva yaenderera mberi senguva dzose.

Kwidziridzo haigadzike mushure mekutanga zvekare

Tsanangudzo

Kana iwe uine multiboot yekumisikidza, iyo menyu faira iyo GRUB / bhuti inoshandisa inogona kunge yakasiyana nemenyu inoshandura preupgrade / boot. Mune ino kesi, iwe uchafanirwa kuraira grub kuti ishandise inoenderana faira kupedzisa iyo update pabhuti. Kana izvi zvikasaitwa, mushure mekutanga kwapedza kurodha pasi uye kumisikidza faira, hakuzove nekuchinja kunooneka pabhoti. Iyo sisitimu inongoti reboot pamusoro peiyo yapfuura vhezheni.

Preupgrade bhutsu ine yekuvandudza kernel sedanho repakati. Mushure mekugadziriswa kwesisitimu, preupgrade inotsiva iyo yenguva pfupi kernel yekuvandudza sarudzo, ine sarudzo yeiyo yakakwidziridzwa kernel. Mune mamwe mazwi, pane maviri akashandurwa akaitwa kubhootloader: yechinguvana yekugadzirisa sarudzo, ichiteverwa nesarudzo inogara zvachose kusvika pane inotevera yekuvandudza.

Iyo GRUB boot loader inogona kushandiswa kubhuti kubva kumutsara wekuraira, kana iyo / boot / grub / menyu.lst faira inogona kuchinjwa kuti igadzire boot menyu sarudzo (Muenzaniso weiyo skrini yeGRUB boot menyu) (Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve GRUB, ona iro grub bhuku).

Chero ipi yesarudzo ine chekuita ne grub inogona kushandiswa. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani nyaya yacho, zvinotevera zvinotsanangura maitiro ekuzviita nekuraira mutsara uye kugadzirisa iyo menyu.lst faira

Nekudaro, sezvo iyo yekuvandudza ichingoda kumhanyisa kamwe uye iyo system yekuvandudza ingangoda reboot, nzira iri nyore kwazvo ingangoita yekutanga manyorerwo kuburikidza neiyo grub yekuraira mutsara, uye kamwe kamwe Mushure mekuvandudzwa kwapera, wedzera sarudzo mu iyo menyu.lst faira yeiyo Fedora yekuvandudza. Izvi zvaizoenderana ne nzira 1, nhanho 1-3, inoteverwa nenzira 2, nhanho 4.

STEPI 1: Ziva nzvimbo yekuparadzanisa

Ziva kutyaira uye kupatsanura kweFedora / boot dhairekitori rako. (Ona iyo Grub Kutumidza Musangano kuti uwane ruzivo). Semuenzaniso, kana iwe wakanyatso gadza Fedora pachikamu gumi nemana chechipiri hard drive, / boot iri pamidzi (hd1, 13).

STEPI 2: Bhuti kubva kunzvimbo yekuparadzanisa

Pakudzorerazve, nyora "c" yekuisa iyo grub yekukurumidza. Uchishandisa akakodzera manhamba ekutyaira uye zvikamu, nyora inotevera mirairo:

mudzi (hd1,13)
kernel / boot / kusimudzira / vmlinuz
initrd /boot/upgrade/initrd.img
chikepe

Izvi zvichatanga iyo yekumisikidza kumisikidza.

STEPI 3: Sarudza iyo yekuisa mufananidzo

Iyo yekumisikidza yekumisikidza ichavhura iyo ncurses dialog. Mushure mekusarudza mutauro uye keyboard mhando, sarudza iyo hard drive yeiyo yekuisa nzira. Iyo inotevera dialog inoda kupatsanura uye dhairekitori ruzivo rwekuisa mufananidzo. Sarudza iyo partition kubva pakaderera-pasi menyu. (Ziva kuti kuverenga kunotanga kubva ku grub kupatsanura. Mune mamwe mazwi, mudzi (hd1, 13) uchaonekwa se / dev / sdf14). Pakupedzisira, pinda iyo nzvimbo yeiyo yekuisa faira faira: /boot/upgrade/install.img.

Iko kumisikidza kuchamhanya zvakajairika panguva ino. Mushure mekupedza kukwidziridzwa, iwe unozofanirwa kuti ubhure iyo system kana kusimudzira manyore nekupinda iyo nyowani kernel uye initrd.img mafaera pane grub raira yekuraira, kana wedzera kupinda kune menyu.lst faira. Iyi nhanho inotsanangurwa muchikamu chinotevera.

Maitiro 2: Chinja iyo GRUB menyu.lst faira

Seimwe nzira yekupinda mirairo paGRUB kukurumidza mushure mekutanga zvekare, unogona zvakare kugadzirisa iyo GRUB menyu.lst faira kuwedzera sarudzo iyo inobvumidza iwe kusarudza kutanga kweyekuvandudza maitiro kubva kuGRUB boot menyu. Sezvo iyo yekuvandudza ichingoda kumhanyisa kamwe, mushure mekuvandudza iwe unofanirwa kugadzirisa-zvakare menyu.lst, bvisa iyo yekuvandudza bhatani sarudzo kubva kumenyu, uye wedzera yekupinda bhutsu yekernel nyowani.

STEPI 1: Ziva nzvimbo yekuparadzanisa

Ziva iyo dhiraivha uye chikamu cheFedora / boot dhairekitori rako (Ona iyo Grub Kutumidza Musangano kuti uwane ruzivo). Semuenzaniso, kana iwe wakanyatso gadza Fedora pachikamu gumi nemana chechipiri hard drive, / boot iri pamidzi (hd1, 13).

STEPI 2: Hora menyu

Tsvaga uye vhura iyo faira /boot/grub/menu.lst. Kana iri faira riri pane chimwe chikamu, tarisa mafaera mu / media. Uchishandisa akakodzera manhamba ekutyaira uye zvikamu, nyora zvinotevera kupinda mune menyu.lst faira:

zita Fedora Upgrade
mudzi (hd,)
kernel / boot / kusimudzira / vmlinuz
initrd /boot/upgrade/initrd.img
kuisirwa default
chikepe

Sevha iyo faira uye reboot iyo system. Sarudza iyo Fedora yekuvandudza kubva kuGRUB boot menyu.

STEPI 3: Sarudza iyo yekuisa mufananidzo

Iyo yekumisikidza yekumisikidza ichavhura iyo ncurses dialog. Mushure mekusarudza mutauro uye keyboard mhando, sarudza iyo hard drive yeiyo yekuisa nzira. Iyo inotevera dialog inoda kupatsanura uye dhairekitori ruzivo rwekuisa mufananidzo. Sarudza iyo partition kubva pakaderera-pasi menyu. (Ziva kuti kuverenga kunotanga kubva ku grub kupatsanura. Mune mamwe mazwi, mudzi (hd1, 13) uchaonekwa se / dev / sdf14).

Pakupedzisira, pinda iyo nzvimbo yeiyo yekuisa faira faira: /boot/upgrade/install.img. Iko kumisikidza kuchamhanya zvakajairika panguva ino.

STEPI 4: Menyu.lst kuchenesa

Mushure mekunge kukwidziridzwa kwapera, iwe unozofanirwa kuti ubhuye iyo system kana kusimudzira manyore nekupinda iyo nyowani kernel uye initrd.img mafaera pane grub yekuraira tambo, kana nekuwedzera kupinda kune iyo menyu.lst faira.

Unotevera muenzaniso wekupinda kwegubhu kweFedora Core 10, iri pachikamu gumi nemana chechipiri dhiraidhi.

zita Fedora Core 10 (pa / dev / sdb14)
mudzi (hd1,13)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27.5-117.fc10.x86_64 ro chinyararire
initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.27.5-117.fc10.x86_64
kuisirwa default
chikepe

Tsvaga iyo yakagadziridzwa kernel uye initrd mafaera, aya ari mu / boot dhairekitori reFedora partition, uye ita yekupinda ine zita rimwechete seiyo kernel uye initrd mafaera.

Pakupedzisira, bvisa iyo yekuvandudza bhuti kupinda kubva kumenyu.lst.

Source: Yakataurwa mukati mechinyorwa;).