The
- 0.1 General pfungwa
- 0.2 Chii chinonzi zvinyorwa?
- 0.3 Nzira yekuwedzera / kubvisa zvirongwa pane yangu distro?
- 0.4 Uchishandisa graphical interface yemaneja wepakeji
- 0.5 Uchishandisa iyo terminal
- 0.6 Pane dzimwe nzira dzekuisa zvirongwa muLinux?
- 0.7 Kwokutora software yakanaka
- 0.8 Kujekeswa kwekare usati waona zvirongwa zvakataurwa.
- 1 Accessories
- 2 Ofisi otomatiki
- 3 Chengetedzo
- 4 Kuronga
- 5 Internet
- 6 Multimedia
- 7 Sayenzi nekutsvaga
- 8 Miscellaneous utilities
General pfungwa
Sezvinotsanangurwa zvakadzama muchikamu Kugoverwa, kugoverwa kweLinux kwega kwega kunouya nemapurogiramu akasiyana akaisirwa default. Chikamu chakakosha chavo chinouya kunyange neyemberi hofisi suite uye ine simba odhiyo, vhidhiyo uye mifananidzo yekugadzirisa zvirongwa. Aya misiyano miviri yakakosha kubva paWindows: a) kwete ese ma distros anouya nemapurogiramu akafanana, b) akawanda ma distros anouya nemapurogiramu akazara kwazvo akaiswa kare, saka haufanire kuawana zvakasiyana.
Maitiro aunoisa mapurogiramu anogona zvakare kusiyanisa pakati pekugovera. Nekudaro, ivo vese vanogovana zano rakafanana, rinovasiyanisa kubva kuWindows: iwo mapurogiramu anotorwa kubva kunzvimbo dzepamutemo dze distro yako.
Chii chinonzi zvinyorwa?
Iyo repository saiti - kunyanya, sevha - uko ese mapakeji anowanikwa kune ako distro anochengetwa. Iyi sisitimu ine ZVAKAWANDA zvinobatsira uchienzaniswa neiyo inoshandiswa neWindows, mairi munhu anotenga kana kurodha pasi ma installer ezvirongwa kubva paInternet.
1) Kuchengeteka kukuru: Sezvo mapakeji ese ari pane yepakati server uye yakawanda kwazvo zvikamu zvepachena sosi zvirongwa zvakafukidzwa (ndiko kuti, chero munhu anogona kuona zvavanoita), zviri nyore kwazvo kudzora kuti kana iine "malicious code" uye Muchiitiko chakaipisisa, dzora "infestation" (chingobvisa pasuru kubva kuzvitoro).
Izvi zvakare zvinodzivirira mushandisi kubva mukufamba nemapeji asina kuvimbika mukutsvaga avo avanofarira zvirongwa.
2) Zvimwe uye zvirinani zvigadziriso: ino sisitimu inokutendera kuti uchengetedze YAKO yese yako yekushandisa system iwedzere. Zvidzoreso hazvichabatwi neimwe yega yezvirongwa, pamwe nekukonzeresa marara zviwanikwa, bandwidth, nezvimwe. Zvakare, kana isu tichifunga kuti muLinux ZVESE chirongwa (kubva kuwindo manejimendi kune desktop desktop, kuburikidza nekernel pachayo), iyi inzira yakakodzera yekuchengeta kunyangwe iyo mineti uye zvakavanzika zvirongwa izvo mushandisi wako anoshandisa kusvika pari zvino. system.
3) Mutungamiri chete ndiye anogona kuisa zvirongwa: ma distros ese anouya neichi chibvumirano. Neichi chikonzero, kana uchiedza kuisa kana kusunungura mapurogiramu, sisitimu yacho inokukumbira iwe password yemutungamiri. Kunyangwe izvi zviri zvekare mune itsva vhezheni dzeWindows, vashandisi vazhinji vakajaira WinXP vanogona kuwana kumisikidzwa uku kuchisemesa (kunyange, ndinokuvimbisa, zvakakosha kuti uwane mashoma ekuchengetedza pane system).
Nzira yekuwedzera / kubvisa zvirongwa pane yangu distro?
Isu tatoona kuti izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa, zvakanyanya, kuburikidza nezvakachengetedzwa. Asi sei? Zvakanaka, yega yega distro ine inoenderana package maneja, iyo inobvumidza iwe kudzora zvirongwa. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa mu "newbie" distros, kazhinji yakavakirwa paDebian kana Ubuntu, iri APT, ine mukurumbira graphical interface ndeye Synaptic. Nekudaro, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti yega yega distro inosarudza iyo package package (muFedora uye zvigadzirwa, RPM; paArch Linux uye zvigadzirwa, Pacman) uyezve iwe unosarudza yako yaunofarira GUI (kana ikauya neimwe).
Dzvanya pano kuti uverenge chinyorwa pane dzese nzira dzekuisa chirongwa kana kuverenga pamusoro kuti uverenge pfupiso.
Uchishandisa graphical interface yemaneja wepakeji
Sezvatakaona, nzira yakajairika yekuisa, kusunungura, kana kudzorera mapakeji iri kuburikidza neyako package package. Ese maficha ekupindirana ane dhizaini yakafanana.
Semuenzaniso, ngatione mashandisiro eSynaptic package maneja (iyo yakauya muzvinyorwa zvekare zveUbuntu uye ikozvino yakasimudzwa neUbuntu Software Center).
Chekutanga pane zvese, inogara iri zano rakanaka kugadzirisa dhatabhesi yezvirongwa zviripo. Izvi zvinoitwa uchishandisa bhatani Reload. Kana iko kugadzirisa kwapera, pinda izwi rako rekutsvaga. Mazhinji mapakeji anogona kunge akanyorwa. Dzvanya pane izvo zvinokufadza iwe kuti uone rumwe ruzivo. Kana iwe uchida kuisa pasuru, ita kurira chaiko uye sarudza sarudzo Maka kuisa. Paunenge uchinge wasarudza ese mapakeji iwe aunoda kuisa, tinya bhatani aplicar. Kuti uninstall mapakeji maitiro akafanana, iwe chete unofanirwa kusarudza sarudzo Maka kuti uninstall (uninstall, uchisiya iyo faira yekumisikidza mafaira) kana Tarisa kuti uninstall zvachose (bvisa zvese).
Uchishandisa iyo terminal
Chinhu chimwe chete chauchadzidza neLinux ndechekuti iwe unofanirwa kurasikirwa nekutya kwako kweiyo terminal. Icho hachisi chinhu chakachengeterwa ma hackers. Pane zvinopesana, kana uchinge wajaira, iwe unenge uine shamwari ine simba.
Sezvo paunenge uchimhanyisa graphical interface, zvinodikanwa kuve nemubatsiri maneja ekumisikidza kana kubvisa zvirongwa. Kubva kumagumo, izvi zvinowanzoitwa nekutanga yedu yekuraira chirevo na sudo. Muchiitiko che apt, izvi zvinoitwa seizvi:
sudo apt-tora // gadziridza iyo dhatabhesi sudo apt-tora kuisa package // isa package sudo apt-tora bvisa package // uninstall package sudo apt-get purge package // bvisa zvachose apt-cache yekutsvaga package package // kutsvaga kwepakeji
Iyo syntax inosiyana kana yako distro ikashandisa imwe package package (rpm, pacman, nezvimwewo). Nekudaro, iyo pfungwa yakanyanya kufanana. Kuti uone runyorwa rwakakwana rwemirairo uye zvakaenzana mune akasiyana mapakeji mamaneja, ini ndinokurudzira kuverenga iyo Pacman rosetta.
Zvisinei nemaneja wepakeji iwe waunoshandisa, kana uchiisa pasuru zvingangoita kuti ichakukumbira kuti uise mamwe mapakeji, anonzi kutsamira. Aya mapakeji akakosha kuchirongwa chaunoda kuisa kuti chishande. Panguva yekusunungurwa iwe unogona kushamisika kuti sei isina kukumbira kuti ubvise zvinoenderanawo. Izvi zvinoenderana nemabatiro anoita maneja wepakeji zvinhu. Mamwe mamaneja emapakeji anoita izvi otomatiki, asi APT inoda kuzviita nemaoko nekuita unotevera kuraira ku bvisa zvisina kushandiswa zvakaiswa zvinoenderana nechero chishandiso chakaiswa parizvino pane yako system.
sudo apt-tora autoremove
Pane dzimwe nzira dzekuisa zvirongwa muLinux?
1. Yakavanzika zvinyorwa: Iyo yakajairika nzira yekuisa zvirongwa ndeyepamutemo mareferensi. Nekudaro, zvakare zvinokwanisika kuisa "zvemunhu" kana "zvakavanzika" zvinyorwa. Izvi zvinobvumira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuti vagadziri vechirongwa vanogona kupa vashandisi vadzo shanduro dzekupedzisira dzezvirongwa zvavo vasina kumirira kune vanogadzira distro yako kuti vaunganidze mapakeji uye voaisa kune epamutemo ekuchengetedza.
Iyi nzira, zvisinei, ine njodzi dzekuchengetedza. Zviripachena, iwe unofanirwa kungo wedzera "zvakavanzika" zvinyorwa kubva kune iwo masosi kana vagadziri vaunovimba navo.
MuUbuntu uye zvigadzirwa zvinowanikwa zviri nyore kwazvo kuwedzera izvi zvinyorwa. Ingo tsvaga iyo repostori iri mubvunzo pa Launchpad uye ipapo ndakavhura terminal ndokunyora kuti:
sudo yekuwedzera-apt-repository ppa: repositoryname sudo apt-tora sudo apt-tora kuisa packagegename
Kuti uwane tsananguro izere, ndinokurudzira kuti uverenge chinyorwa ichi nezve maitiro ekuwedzera PPA (Yemunhu Package Archives - Yemunhu Package Archives) muUbuntu.
Izvo zvakakodzera kujekesa kuti mamwe ma distros, kwete akavakirwa paUbuntu, haashandise maPPA asi tendera kuwedzera zvakavanzika zvinyorwa kuburikidza nedzimwe nzira. Semuenzaniso, pane Arch Linux based distros, iyo inoshandisa pacman semaneja wepakeji, zvinokwanisika kuwedzera AUR (Arch Users Repository) zvinyorwa, zvakafanana nePPAs.
2. Akasununguka mapakeji: Imwe nzira yekuisa chirongwa kurodha pasi chaiyo pasuru yekugovera kwako. Kuti uite izvi, zvese zvaunofanirwa kuziva ndezvekuti yega yega distro inoshandisa paketi fomati iyo isiri iyo yakafanana yakafanana. Debian uye Ubuntu based distros inoshandisa DEB mapakeji, Fedora based distros shandisa RPM mapakeji, nezvimwe.
Kamwe pasuru yacho yadzorwa, ingofa kaviri pairi. Iyo package package graphical interface ichavhura ichibvunza kana iwe uchida kuisa iyo chirongwa.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti iyi zvakare haisi iyo nzira yakachengeteka yekuisa mapakeji. Nekudaro, inogona kubatsira mune mamwe mamiriro akasarudzika.
3. Kunyora kodhi yekodhi- Dzimwe nguva iwe unowana zvekushandisa izvo zvisingape zvekuisa mapakeji, uye unofanirwa kunyora kubva kunobva kodhi. Kuti tiite izvi, chinhu chekutanga chatinofanira kuita muUbuntu kuisa meta-package inonzi kuvaka-yakakosha, tichishandisa imwe yedzinotsanangurwa muchinyorwa chino.
Muzhinji, matanho ekutevera kuumbiridza kunyorera anotevera:
1.- Dhawunirodha kodhi yekodhi.
2.- Unzip kodhi yacho, kazhinji yakazara netara uye yakamanikidzwa pasi pe gzip (* .tar.gz) kana bzip2 (* .tar.bz2).
3.- Pinda dhairekitori rakagadzirwa nekusunungura iyo kodhi.
4.- Ita script yekugadzirisa (inoshandiswa kutarisa maitiro ehurongwa anokanganisa kuumbwa, kugadzirisa kuumbwa maererano nemitemo iyi, uye kugadzira makefile file).
5.- Ita rairo yekuita, mutariri wemubatanidzwa.
6.- Mhanya kuraira sudo make install, iyo inoisa iyo application pane system, kana zvirinani izvozvi, isa iyo package checkinstall, uye unomhanya sudo checkinstall. Ichi chishandiso chinogadzira .deb package kuitira kuti irege kufanirwa kunyorwa nguva inotevera, kunyangwe isingasanganise iwo rondedzero yekuvimbika.
Iko kushandiswa kwechestinstall zvakare kune mukana wekuti iyo sisitimu ichengetedze mapurogiramu akaiswa nenzira iyi, zvakare kufambisa kwavo kusabvisa.
Heino muenzaniso wakazara wekumhanyisa iyi maitiro:
tar xvzf sensors-applet-0.5.1.tar.gz cd sensors-applet-0.5.1 ./configure ita sudo checkinstall
Zvimwe zvinokurudzirwa kuverenga zvinyorwa:
- Maitiro ekuisa kunyorera paLinux.
- Maitiro ekuisa kunyorera kubva kuPPA.
- Maitiro ekuisa kunyorera kubva kuGetDeb.
Kwokutora software yakanaka
Ngatitangei nekujekesa kuti Windows zvinoshandiswa - musimboti- usamhanye paLinux. Sezvo ivo vasingamhanye paMac OS X, semuenzaniso.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, aya anoyambuka-chikuva kunyorera, ndiko kuti, neshanduro dzinowanikwa dzakasiyana dzekushandisa masisitimu. Pakadaro, zvingave zvakakwana kuisa iyo vhezheni yeLinux uye dambudziko rakagadziriswa.
Kune zvakare imwe nyaya umo dambudziko iri shoma: kana zvasvika kune maficha akagadzirwa muJava. Chaizvoizvo, Java inobvumidza kuitiswa kwekushandisa zvisinei nehurongwa hwekushanda. Zvekare, mhinduro yacho iri nyore.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, kune dzimwe nzira dzakawanda uye dzakawanda "mugore" kune desktop desktop. Panzvimbo pekutsvaga iyo dombo yeAptlook Express yeLinux, ungangoda kushandisa iyo webhu interface yeGmail, Hotmail, nezvimwe. Muchiitiko ichocho, paisazove nenyaya dzekuenderana kweLinux chero.
Asi chii chinoitika kana iwe uchida kumhanya kunyorera iyo inongowanikwa chete yeWindows? Mune ino kesi, pane nzira nhatu: siya Windows yakaiswa pamwechete neLinux (mune inonzi «mbiri-bhutsu"), Isa Windows" mukati "Linux uchishandisa muchina o shandisa Waini, mhando ye "muturikiri" iyo inobvumidza akawanda maWindows application kuti amhanyiswe mukati meLinux sekunge vaive vemo.
Nekudaro, ndisati ndawira mumuedzo wekuita chero ipi yeimwe nzira nhatu dzakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa, ini ndinopa zano kumberi kutonga mukana wekuti pane imwe nzira yemahara yechirongwa chiri mubvunzo icho chinomhanya natively pasi peLinux.
Chaizvoizvo, kune nzvimbo senge LinuxAlt, Mahara o Alternativeto mairi zvinokwanisika kutsvaga dzimwe nzira dzemahara kune mapurogiramu awakashandisa muWindows.
Imwe nguva yapfuura, isu takagadzirawo kunyorwa, kunyangwe zvingave zvisiri 100% kusvika pari zvino.
Kuwedzera kune zvinokurudzirwa zvinongedzo, pazasi iwe unowana iyo "crème de la crème" yemahara software, yakarongedzwa nezvikamu. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti utaure kuti inotevera runyorwa yakagadzirirwa gwara chete uye haimiriri katarogu yakazara yeakanakisa uye inowedzera yakawanda yemahara software maturusi anowanikwa.
Kujekeswa kwekare usati waona zvirongwa zvakataurwa.
{
} = Tsvaga zvakatumirwa zvine chekuita nechirongwa uchishandisa blog yekutsvaga injini.
{
} = Enda kune peji repamutemo rechirongwa.
{
} = Isa chirongwa uchishandisa Ubuntu zvinyorwa zvinowisirwa pamushini wako.
Iwe unoziva chirongwa chakanaka chisiri pane edu zvinyorwa?
Titumirei a e kudoma zita rechirongwa uye, kana zvichibvira, sanganisira yekuwedzera ruzivo kana, uchikundikana izvo, tiudze kwatingaiwane.
Accessories
Zvinyorwa vanyori
- Most popular
- Yakanyanya hurongwa yakatarisana
- Console
- Multipurpose
Madonhwe
Vapepeti
Mafaira mamaneja
- Dolphin. {
- EmelFM2. {
- Mutungamiriri weGNOME. {
- Konqu Emperor. {
- Crusader. {
- Pakati peusiku mutungamiri. {
- Nautilus. {
- PC Man File Manager. {
- thunar. {
Ofisi otomatiki
Chengetedzo
- Iyo gumi nemaviri yakanyanya kubiridzira uye ekuchengetedza maapp.
- Autoscan Network, kuti uone vapinze pawifi yako. {
- nezvavakatapa, kuti uwane laptop yako kana yakabiwa. {
- ingwe, kuita ongororo dzekuchengetedza uye kuona vapambi. {
- keeppassX, kuchengetedza ako ese mapassword. {
- clamtk, antivirus. {
Kuronga
IDEs
- anjuta. {
- kudzikatidzika kwezuva. {
- Qt Musiki. {
- Netbeans. {
- Mono Kukudziridza. {
- Geany. {
- codelite. {
- Razaro. {
Internet
Vanotsvaga
Electronic tsamba
- Gwibber. {
- Pino. {
- gTwitter. {
- choqok. {
- buzzbird. {
- Qwit. {
- Qwitik. {
- Twitter. {
- Twitter. {
- yasst. {
Kukurumidza kutumira
- Akanakisa meseji mameseji vatengi veLinux.
- Pidgin. {
- Kopete. {
- Psi. {
- Jabhim. {
- Gajim. {
- tsitsi. {
- BitlBee. {
- Gyache Yakagadziridzwa. {
- emesene. {
- aMSN. {
- Mercury Mutumwa. {
- KMess. {
- minbeef. {
irc
- Wepamusoro 5 IRC Vatengi veLinux.
- Pidgin. {
- Kukurukurirana. {
- xchat. {
- chatzilla. {
- irssi. {
- quassel irc. {
- Smuxi. {
- KVirc. {
- ERC. {
- weechat. {
- MupumburuZ. {
ftp
hova
- Wepamusoro 9 Bittorrent Vatengi veLinux.
- kufamba, mutete mutete uye ane simba mutengi (kunyange asiri se "akazara"). {
- Kudengenyeka, pamwe mutengi akazara kwazvo weBittorrent weGNOME. {
- KTorrent, iyo yakaenzana neBoporodzi re KDE. {
- tornado, mumwe wevatengi vemberi. {
- QBittorrent, mutengi anobva paQt4. {
- torrent, ncurses mutengi weiyo terminal. {
- aria2, mumwe mutengi akanaka weiyo terminal. {
- Vuze, ine simba (asi inononoka uye "inorema") Java-based client. {
- torrentflux, mutengi newebhu interface (gadzirisa yako mafashama kubva kune yako internet browser). {
- Vadivelu Comedy Downloader, kurodha zvikamu zvewako aunoteedzera otomatiki. {
Multimedia
Audio
- Audio Vatambi
- Kunyoresa mutauro
- Sequencers
- Synthesizers
- Kuumbwa uye mimhanzi notation
- Vashanduri
- vamwe
Video
- Vese vhidhiyo vatambi.
- Zvishandiso kunyora desktop yako.
- Vhidhiyo Vatambi
- Kugadziriswa kwevhidhiyo
- Vashanduri
- Mhuka
- DVD Creation
- Webcam
- Desktop kurekodha
Mufananidzo, dhizaini uye kutora mifananidzo
- Vataridzi + adm. raibhurari yemifananidzo + yekutanga kugadzirisa
- Yepamberi yekugadzira mifananidzo uye kugadzirisa
- Kugadzirisa vector mifananidzo
- CAD
- Vashanduri
- Kuongorora
- vamwe
Sayenzi nekutsvaga
- Kuongorora nyeredzi
- bhayoroji
- Biophysics
- Chemistry
- Geology uye Geography
- Physics
- Math
- 10 zvikonzero zvekushandisa zvakapfava. vakasununguka mukutsvaga kwesainzi.
Miscellaneous utilities
- Sisitimu manejimendi
- File manejimendi
- Mufananidzo unopisa uye kuona
- vamwe