Mhedzisiro: Ndeipi yaive yakanakisa Linux kugovera ya2012?

Muna 2012, takanga tine Linux yezvose zvatinoda uye zvinonaka. Tine mhando nyowani dzekugoverwa kwakajairwa uye kumwe kugoverwa kutsva kwakaonekwa kwakasiya vanopfuura mumwe vachifara kwazvo. Muchikamu chino, tinoongorora zvakadzama mhedzisiro ye kuvhota takatanga vhiki rapfuura. Kutenda kune 2115 vanhu kuti vakasiya yavo vhoti!

Mhinduro

• Ubuntu 28.98% (613 mavhoti)
• Linux Mint 27.75% (587 mavhoti)
• Debian 11.16% (236 mavhoti)
• Arch Linux 10.45% (221 mavhoti)
• Zvimwe: 9.17% (194 mavhoti)
• Fedora 7.94% (168 mavhoti)
• OpenSUSE 3.45% (73 mavhoti)
• Mageia 1.09% (23 mavhoti)

Analysis

Ubuntu neLinux Mint yakatsvairwa, ichitora nzvimbo yekutanga neyechipiri, mune yaive kurwa musoro-ku-musoro. Pakati pevaviri vakatora anopfuura makumi mashanu muzana emavhoti. Munzvimbo yechitatu iri kure ndiDebian, inoteedzerwa naArch Linux.

Sezvineiwo, ese maDebian-based distributions anowedzera anosvika kutenderera 68%. Kune chikamu chayo, kuderera kuri pachena kwekuparadzirwa kamwe zvakare kwakakurumbira senge Fedora kana OpenSUSE hakusi kwekutarisirwa.

Pakukumbirwa neruzhinji, ma distros akanyanya kutaurwa mukati meChimwe chikamu, chisina kutora mavhoti asingasviki 194, ndeaya: Ubuntu variants (Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Lubuntu), Manjaro, Crunchbang, Trisquel, SolusOS, Chakra Linux, Bodhi Linux, Gentoo, Sabayon, Elementary OS, pakati pevamwe.

Pakupedzisira, ndakashamiswa naMageia, sezvo iri yakazara zvakakwana uye yakanaka mhando "yekutanga" distro. Pamwe vanhu vazhinji vachiri kumubatanidza naMandriva nematambudziko ayo emari, kana pamwe haana kushambadzira kwakanyanya kumashure kwake. Zvisinei, ini handizive, asi zvinosetsa.

Kusarudzwa kwangu

Ichokwadi ndechekuti mubvunzo wekuongorora wakanetsa. Ini ndinotenda kuti hapana "yakanakisa" Linux kugovera. Nekuda kwe "rusununguko" rwemahara software, zvinokwanisika kugadzira maratidziro akakodzera zvirinani kune zvinodiwa uye kugona kweumwe neumwe.

Mupfungwa iyi, kana paine chero chinhu, pane "akanakisa ma distros" e:

• vatsva kana vashandisi vepamberi
• chiitiko chakatarwa (desktop, maseva, dzidzo, multimedia, chengetedzo, nezvimwewo)

Yakanakisa rookie distro uye akanakisa desktop distro: Linux Mint 13

Kubva paUbuntu 12.04 LTS (yakanyanya "kugadzikana" vhezheni yeUbuntu muna2012), Linux Mint 13 inopa zvese zvingangodiwa nemushandisi.

• tsigiro yakanaka yehardware, 
• proprietary vhidhiyo codecs uye madhiraivha anosanganisirwa nekutadza 
• yakanyanya Windows-senge mushandisi interface (zvinopesana neUniity kana Gnome Shell based distros), nezvimwe.
• nhamba hombe yezvirongwa zviripo (nekuti yakavakirwa paUbuntu naDebian)

Best distro yevashandisi vemagetsi: Arch Linux

Ehezve kune vamwe, zvakare vakanaka kwazvo, saGentoo. Nekudaro, Arch Linux yanga ichikura zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvakadzikama. Iyo ine enviable nharaunda uye iyo Wiki inotaridzika saAleph: zvese zviripo, zvakasimbiswa, hapana chinopunyuka icho.

Arch ine izvo kwandiri ndeye yakanakisa package maneja, nekure: kana kupfuura kana kushoma pane Pacman. Pamusoro pekuve neakanyanya kwazvo marevhuru epamutemo, inobvumidza kuiswa kwezvimwe zvirongwa kuburikidza neAUR (chimwe chinhu senge Ubuntu PPA zvinyorwa asi ZVIMWE zvirinani). Kugadzira pasuru yeArch zvinoshamisira zviri nyore pane kugadzira imwe yeDebian kana Ubuntu. Nechikonzero ichi, kune akawanda Mazhinji mapakeji anowanikwa muAUR pane maPPAs. Kune rimwe divi, kana AUR yawedzerwa, kutsvaga uye kuiswa kwezvirongwa kutapira (kusiyana neUbuntu mausingakwanise kutsvaga dhatabhesi rePPAs dziripo uye kuti pakuiswa kwePPA kunoda mirairo yakati wandei. ).

Zvese izvi zvinoita Arch mhepo. Yayo uzivi hwakavakirwa pane iyo Chengeta Icho Chakareruka, Kupusa (KISS) pfungwa. Chokwadi ndechekuti kana uchinge wasvika pakubata nedzimwe pfungwa dzekutanga, Arch inopedzisira yave kuita yakapusa, kugadzikana uye kuchinjika kupfuura Ubuntu nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Zvakazarurwa Mubayiro: Manjaro Linux

Kubva paArch Linux, inouya nezvose zvinoita kuti Arch ive GREAT distro. Asi ine yekuwedzera iyo vazhinji vedu vanokoshesa zvikuru: kuisirwa kwacho KUNYANYA kukurumidza, sezvo ichiuya, senge mamwe ma distros, mune akajairwa GNOME, KDE, LXDE, nezvimwe. MuArch, kune rimwe divi, iwe unofanirwa kuisa zvese neruoko, izvo zvinoita kuti kuiswa kwekutanga kunyatso engo… Slow.

Mune rimwe shoko, Manjaro ndiko kusangana kwezvakanakisa zvepasirese.

Best distro yemalaptop: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

Ubuntu 12.04 ine yakanakisa masimba ekuita manejimendi, yakagadzikana kwazvo, uye ine graphical interface inoenderana zvirinani kune aya marudzi emidziyo.

Munzvimbo ino, tinogona kuwedzera Lubuntu uye chero chero kumwe kugovera kunoenderana neLXDE. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana iwe uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchitsvaga

Yakanakisa Desktop Kugovera kweBhizinesi: RHELD 6

Mumakore achangopfuura laurels aenda kuSUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop (SLED). Zvisinei, gore rino Red Hat Enterprise Linux Desktop 6 (RHELD) yakaita basa rayo rechikoro zvakanaka.

Nei paine shanduko? Zvinoitika kuti Red Hat iri kuita nhanho huru mumunda wehunyanzvi uye matekinoroji matsva ane hukama ne "gore."

Kugoverwa kwakanyanya kwemaseva ebhizinesi: RHEL & SLES

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 6 uye Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 ndivo vanokunda zvakajeka. Vaviri vane inoshamisa Hardware rutsigiro kwatave isu ajaira, izvo zvinoguma yakakosha kugadzikana kwesisitimu. Uye zvakare, muzviitiko zvese izvi rubatsiro rwekuzora mafuta ndicho chiratidzo chake.

Nyaya yaRed Hat iri kujekesa: gore rino kambani yakapasa iyo $ XNUMX bhiriyoni mucherechedzo pamusika wemasheya. Zvinotaridza kuti yemahara software inogona kuve bhizinesi rakanaka.

Akanakisa LiveCD: KNOPPIX & Puppy Linux

Nhasi zvinenge zvese kugoverwa kunogona kushandiswa seyakagara-cd. Mupfungwa iyoyo, chikamu ichi chinorasikirwa nechimwe chokwadi. Nekudaro, kune zvimwe zvekugovera izvo zvakanyatsogadzirirwa kuti zvishandiswe seizvi uye izvo zvinosanganisira akasiyana-siyana general-chinangwa maturusi mu "Swiss Army banga" maitiro uye izvo zvakare zvinotendera kudzoreredza data kana zvimwe zvivakwa, backups, nezvimwe.

Ose maviri Knoppix, ayo anoshandisa LXDE, uye Puppy Linux, iyo inoshandisa iyo isina-isina-kurema JWM, inosanganisira zvese izvi zvishandiso. Kugoverwa kwese ari maviri anokurudzirwa zvakanyanya kune iyo cd yechikadzi uye pendrive yemurume.

Kuparadzira Kwakanyanya Kwekuchengetedza Kuongorora: BackTrack Linux 5

Hapana mubvunzo, BackTrack inoenderera ichipa yakanakisa suite chena ngowani chengetedzo maturusi ekuongorora chero sisitimu kana kuona network matambudziko.

Inosanganisira runyorwa rurefu rwekunze-kwe-kwe-mubhokisi maturusi ekuchengetedza, kusanganisira akawanda maseru uye ekushomeka ma scanner, kushandisa mafaera, sniffers, forensic ongororo maturusi, uye zvishandiso zvekuongorora zvisina waya.

Kuparadzira kwakanyanya kwekugadzirisa multimedia: Ubuntu Studio 12.04

Ubuntu Studio 12.04, yakavakirwa paiyo inoenderana Ubuntu vhezheni, ndiyo inokunda odhiyo, vhidhiyo uye kugadzirwa kwemifananidzo, sezvo iine seti yakazara kwazvo yezvishandiso, pamwe nerutsigiro rwakakosha rwemafomati uye macodec eakasiyana mafomati multimedia.

Kana zvasvika pakugadzirisa odhiyo, Musix, kugoverwa kweArgentina mavambo, inofanirwa kutaurwa kwakakosha, izvo zvakandishamisa nehunhu hwayo hunoshamisa. Iyo inouya neinoenderana yakaderera-latency kernel kudzivirira "kusvetuka" mune zvinyorwa uye inosanganisira ese epamberi ekuteerera odhiyo ekunyora uye ekugadzirisa maturusi. Imwe pfungwa inokosheswa ndeyekuti ndeimwe yemamwe mashoma distros anoonekwa se100% mahara neFSF.

Kugovera kwakanyanya kwedzidzo: Edubuntu 12.04

Edubuntu yakagadziridzwa mukubatana nevadzidzisi uye matekinoroji kubva kunyika dzakawanda. Edubuntu yakavakirwa pamusoro peUbuntu uye inosanganisa yeLTSP yevatengi dhizaini, pamwe nekushandisa chaiko kwekudzidzisa, yakanangana nehuwandu hwevanhu vari pakati pemakore matanhatu ne6.

Kune rimwe divi, ini ndinoda kuti haina kubatana nechero chirongwa chedzidzo. Ndiri kureva zvakananga kune zvakagoverwa zvakagadzirwa neHurumende kana NGO kuti iite chirongwa chakati chedzidzo (Ronga Conectar Igualdad kana iyo Imwe Laptop Pamwana, semuenzaniso).

Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, iko kugovera kwedzidzo kune nharaunda yakakura.

Yakanyanya kunaka-kugovera-DSL 4.4.10 & Slitaz 4

Damn Diki Linux inoshanda uye yakazara Linux LiveCD yekuparadzira, yakavakirwa paKnoppix, yakagadzirirwa kushanda pamakomputa ane mashoma kana ekare zviwanikwa, senge Intel 80486 processors. Iyo yakaderedzwa saizi (50MB) inokwanisa kuchengetedza iyo yakakosha yeKnoppix munzvimbo yakazara ye tafura. Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo hudiki, inogona kuiswa mukati me USB Memory uye kubhurwa nayo pane chero komputa.

SliTaz GNU / Linux ndeye minidistribution uye LiveCD yeLinuxGNU / Linux inoshanda sisitimu yakagadzirirwa kumhanya pane Hardware ine 128 Mb ye RAM memory, uye nekudaro ive diki pane ese GNU / Linux minidistribution, iine 30 Mb CD uye 80 Mb pane hard drive yakambomiswa. Kubva pa16 Mb ye RAM ine iyo JWM windows maneja (mune yekubika vhezheni iri LXDE).

Ona runyorwa ruzere rwe Linux mini-kugovera.