Network kumisikidzwa uye manejimendi - SME Networks

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19 maminitsi

Mhoro shamwari neshamwari!

General index yeakateedzana: Computer Networks yeSMEs: Sumo

Isu hatisati takumikidza chinyorwa kuchinyorwa chinotanga zita reiyi. Kana isu hatina kuverenga chero chirevo chikumbira kunyora nezvazvo. Isu takazvitora seyakareruka kuti yaizivikanwa kune vese uye pamwe ndicho chikonzero chatakazvifuratira kusvikira nhasi. Nekudaro, isu tinonyora inoteedzana chinyorwa nezvazvo kune avo vanoda kuzorodza kana kudzidza nezvenyaya iyi.

Network: dudziro inoshanda

Nezve zvinangwa zvinoshanda, one Mambure - Network Inosanganisira maviri kana anopfuura maratidziro enetiweki akadai semakomputa, maseva, maprinta, nharembozha, kana imwe netiweki michina, inosunganidzwa netambo dzepanyama kana zvinongedzo zvisina waya nechinangwa chekugovana nekuparadzira ruzivo pakati pemidziyo yakabatana.

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo shanyira:

Rangarira kuti zvinongedzo zvinopihwa nechinangwa chizere uye kwete zvekunakidzwa. 😉

Zvigadziriso zveNetwork

  • Ndinokurudzira kune avo vanoshandisa masisitimu anoshanda CentOS y vhura, tungamirirwa nechinyorwa Kugadziriswa kweSeva NaGNU / Linux, nemunyori Joel Barrios Dueñas. Zvakaoma kwandiri kuti ndinyore misoro yatichazobata nayo pazasi kweDebian, CentOS uye openSUSE kugoverwa muchinyorwa chimwe chete, sezvo maviri ekupedzisira achisiyana neyokutanga, kunyanya mumazita, nzvimbo yemafaira ekugadzirisa, zvirimo, nezvimwewo zvimwe zvinhu. huzivi hwakabatana nemusoro wenyaya.

Iwo masisitimu anoshanda atinoshandisa mune ese akateedzana ane graphical maturusi ekugadzirisa akasiyana maratidziro eneti. Nekudaro, iyi posvo inotarisa pakushandisa rairo koni kana terminal.

Sezvatakaona muzvinyorwa zvakapfuura, muzviitiko zvakawanda tinogadzirisa maratidziro enetiweki - kana nzvimbo dzekubata- panguva yegadziriro yekumisikidza kuona kuti, kana hwaro hwekushandisa hwakamiswa, komputa ine kubatana kwakaringana kwe net.

Iyo chaiyo yekugadziriswa kweinenge yekutanga network interface -main- yakakosha kune inotevera basa reiyo desktop, nzvimbo yekushandakana Server yatiri kuita.

Hatisi kuzoshandisa NetworkManager

Kuita kuti zvive nyore kunyora kwechinyorwa chino, tarisa kutarisisa kuseva kumisikidzwa, uye kuti zvive nyore kuverenga, isu tichafunga izvozvo kwete sevhisi inopihwa nepakeji iri kushandiswa network-maneja. Zvikasadaro isu tinofanirwa kuita zvinotevera zviito:

MuDebian

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo systemctl mira network-maneja.service
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo systemctl mamiriro network-maneja.service
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo systemctl kudzima network-maneja.service
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ Sudo ifconfig

Kana iko kugadziriswa kwemakadhi emambure zvaitsamira pane sevhisi network-maneja ndizvozvo, ipapo tinogona kuenderera mberi nekushanda. Nekudaro, zvine hutano kuita:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo ifdown eth0 && sudo ifup eth0

kuongorora kaviri kuti zvese zvinoshanda zvakanaka.

PaCentOS

Mubhuku iri muPDF fomati «Kugadziriswa kweSeva NaGNU / Linux«, Chikunguru 2016 Chinyorwa, chitsauko 48.2.2 yakapihwa kumusoro wenyaya webasa NetworkManager. Ini ndinofungidzira kuti munyori waro Joel Barrios Dueñas haatombodi zvachose - anozviona sezvisina musoro - kushandiswa kwe NetworkManager mumaSeva.

Ethernet maficha

Semutemo wakajairika, patinoshanda nemichina chaiyo pa Qemu-KVM, iyo inoshanda sisitimu inoratidza Ethernet Nzvimbo nemazita akadai se ethX, iko iyo X inomiririra kukosha kwenhamba. Yekutanga Ethernet interface inozivikanwa se eth0, yechipiri se eth1, zvichingodaro.

Kana zviri zvemaDebian anoshanda masystem - uye zvigadzirwa - zvinomhanyisa pamashini epanyama, notation iri pamusoro ichokwadiwo.

Kana isu tikashanda pamachina epanyama nemaitiro anoshanda CentOS y vhura, iyo yekushandisa inovaratidza se enoX. Kufanana kwakawanda kunogona kuitika nemuchina chaiwo -iwo neanoshanda masystem- pane ma hypervisors eiyo VMWare.

Mune chaiwo michina yakagadzirwa kubva kune yekushandisa system FreeBSD -iyo iri zvakare Mahara Software- inowanzozivikanwa se emX o vtnetX zvinoenderana nekuti vari paQemu-KVM kana paVMware zvakateerana. Kana zviri zvepanyama zvinowanzozivikanwa se emX.

Ziva Ethernet Nzvimbo

Kuziva ese aripo network maficha pakombuta yangu sysadmin.desdelinux.fan, tinoita:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo ifconfig -a
eth0 Batanidza encap: Ethernet HWaddr 70: 54: d2: 19: ad: 65 inet addr: 10.10.10.1 Bcast: 10.10.10.255 Mask: 255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80 :: 7254: d2ff: fe19: ad65 / 64 Makuriro: Batanidza ... lo Batanidza encap: Yemunharaunda Loopback inet addr: 127.0.0.1 Mask: 255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: :: 1/128 Chikamu: Host ... virbr0 Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr 52: 54: 00: c8: 35 : 5e inet addr: 192.168.10.1 Bcast: 192.168.10.255 Mask: 255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80 :: 5054: ff: fec8: 355e / 64 Scope: Link ... virbr0-nic Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr 52:54 : 00: c8: 35: 5e BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU: 1500 Metric: 1 ... vmnet8 Batanidza encap: Ethernet HWaddr 00: 50: 56: c0: 00: 08 inet addr: 192.168.20.1 Bcast: 192.168.20.255 Mask: 255.255.255.0 .6 inet80 addr: fe250 :: 56: 0ff: fec8: 64/XNUMX Makuriro: Batanidza ...
  • Iwo matatu ellipsis mune zvakaburitswa zvabuda zvinoreva kuti rumwe ruzivo rwakawanda rwunodzoserwa rwatisingatarise kuchengetedza nzvimbo.

Sezvo ini ndakaisa pane iyo Debian 8 inoshanda sisitimu "Jessie" maviri chaiwo michina michina yekutsigira zvirongwa, ndokuti, Qemu-KVM y VMware Workstation Server 10.0.6, iwo murairo unodzosera ese aripo maficha.

  • Nezve rekodhi: yakavanzika software VMware Workstation Server 10.0.6 ikopi yepamutemo yakapihwa nasahwira wangu uye waanoshanda naye El NeoZelandes, uyo akaiwana kuburikidza neInternet munyika yake yekuzvarwa uye aive nemoyo wakaringana kuitumira kwandiri.

Ngatione kuti ndeupi ruzivo rwatinogona kuwana kubva kune yapfuura kuburitsa:

  • eth0: Main network interface ne IPv4 kero 10.10.10.1. Iyo IPv6 kero inoratidzwa zvakare.
  • lo: Loopback kana zvomunharaunda ne IPv4 127.0.0.1 uye IPv6-yakajairika kune ese aya maficha- :: 1/128.
  • virbr0: Bridge-mhando network interface -  Bmuhomba ne IPv4 192.168.10.1 uye nekero MAC 52:54:00:c8:35:5e. Iyi chaiyo interface ndiyo yatinoita nekugadzirisa kuburikidza ne Virt-Maneja yeQemu-KVM senetiweki «Default»Yerudzi rweNAT.
  • virbr0-nic: Network interface inogadzira iyo Qemu-KVM, zverudzi Anonymous Bridge- kusazivikanwa zambuko uye nekero imwechete MAC 52:54:00:c8:35:5e , que virbr0. Iyo haina kupihwa IP kero.
  • vmnet8: Network interface mhando Nat yakagadzirirwa mu VMWare Virtual Network Mupepeti.

El VMware WorkstationServer kuburikidza neyake Virtual Network Mupepeti, inogadzirisa maBridges aunogadzira neese ega emukati maficha eiyo Hondo zvakasiyana - Host. Iyo jargon inoshandiswa mu zvinyorwa zvakapfuura?.

Chimwe chikumbiro - kwete chega kana chekupedzisira - kuwana ruzivo nezve network interfaces iri lshw - Chinyorwa Hardware. lshw chishandiso chinoburitsa ruzivo rwakadzama nezvegadziriro yemuchina. Kana isu tichimhanya mune koni:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ aptitude tsvaga lshw
p lshw - ruzivo nezve kumisikidzwa kwehardware  
p lshw-gtk - graphical ruzivo nezve Hardware kumisikidzwa

Isu tinoona kuti ine kunyange ine graphical interface yatinosiira kuti iwe uyedze. Ngatisimisei iyo modhiyo yemhando uye mhanya unotevera:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo lshw -class network
[sudo] password ye buzz:
  * -network               
       tsananguro: Ethernet interface chigadzirwa: 82579V Gigabit Network Kubatanidza mutengesi: Intel Corporation yepanyama id: 19 bhazi info: pci @ 0000: 00: 19.0 zita rine musoro: eth0 vhezheni: 05 serial: 70: 54: d2: 19: ad: 65 saizi: 100Mbit / s chinzvimbo: 1Gbit / s upamhi: 32 bits wachi: 33MHz kugona: pm msi bus_master ...
  * -network YAKAKONZESWA
       tsananguro: Ethernet interface yemuviri id: 1 zita rine musoro: virbr0-nic serial: 52: 54: 00: c8: 35: 5e saizi: 10Mbit / s kugona: ethernet panyama

Ngatitorei mazita anonzwisisika eanopindirana

Pane dzimwe nguva, kunyanya kana isu tikachinja kadhi reneti kadhi nekuda kwechikonzero chero chipi zvacho, tinoona kuti huwandu X iyo inoratidza iyo interface yakawedzera ne1 uye isu tinongozviona isu patinomhanya ifconfig -a, pakati la mamiriro chii chakaitika mushure mekuchinja. Izvo zvinogona zvakare kuitika kana tikabvisa chaiyo network network kune chero chikonzero, uyezve ndokuwedzera imwe zvakare.

Izvo zviri pamusoro zvinogona kutsamwisa kana isu takagadzirisa nekubatanidza - kusunga kune rimwe kana akawanda masevhisi, rimwe zita rinonzwisisika rezita, zvive izvozvo eth0, en1 o em0. Chinhu chisinganyanyi kukosha ndechekuti zvinowanzoitika nguva refu mushure megore- pamwe kubva pakutanga gadziriso. Ipapo nzvimbo nyowani dzinoonekwa nemazita senge eth1,eth2, en2, em1, nezvimwewo, uye mamwe masevhisi anomira kushanda nemazvo. Avo vakapfuura nemazvakafanana mamiriro Unoziva zvandiri kureva 😉

Mazita anonzwisisika enetiweki dzemukati muDebian - uye zvimwe zvezvakatorwa - zvinogona kuwanikwa mufaira /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules. MuCentOS 7 iri mufaira /etc/udev/rules.d/90-eno-fix.rules, nepo mushanduro dzayo dzekare iri rakafanana faira seyaDebian.

MuDebianKana iwe uchida kushandura zvine musoro zita reimwe network interface, tsvaga mutsetse unoenderana nekero yayo Mac uye gadzirisa kukosha ZITA = ethX nechero ipi zita rine musoro kukosha kwaunoda. Kuti shanduko dzibudirire, unofanira kutangazve komputa yako.

YeCentOS 7, ona basa racho «Kugadziriswa kweSeva NaGNU / Linux»NaJoel Barrios Dueñas, mune nzira yakadzama inopihwa.

  • Zvinokosha: Chero zvazvingaitika,Chenjererai! Nebasa racho NetworkManager kana iwe uri kubata kubatana.

Chinja iyo parameter yeiyo network inopindirana

MuDebian, kana isu tichida kugadzirisa paramende yekadhi yeneti zvachose, tinofanirwa kugadzirisa iyo faira / etc / network / interfaces sezvakakurukurwa pazasi.

Kuziva zvakadzama -uye zvimwe- zvese sarudzo iwe dzaunogona kushandisa kubvunza murume anopindirana. Isu tinokurudzirawo kuverenga zvinyorwa zviripo mufaira:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ ls -l / usr / share / doc / ifupdown /
Yakazara 44 drwxr-xr-x 2 midzi midzi 4096 Aug 7 2016 batsira
drwxr-xr-x 2 midzi midzi 4096 Aug 7 2016 mienzaniso
-rw-r-r- 1 mudzi mudzi 976 Jun 21 2012 copyright -rw-r - r-- 1 mudzi mudzi 18243 13 Mar 2015 1 changelog.gz -rw-r - r-- 297 mudzi mudzi 21 Jun 2012 1 NEWS.Debian.gz -rw-r - r-- 454 mudzi mudzi 29 Mbudzi 2014 1 README -rw-r - r-- 946 mudzi mudzi 21 Jun 2012 XNUMX ZVESE

Purogiramu ethtool

Kuburikidza nechirongwa ethtool Tinogona kubvunza, kunyora uye nekugadzirisa iwo maratidziro emakadhi enetiweki senge yekubatanidza kumhanya, otomatiki kutaurirana, kuwanda kutarisa mutoro - cheki sum inoburitswa, nezvimwe. Inowanikwa mune zvinyorwa zveanenge ese mafambisirwo.

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo kukodzera kuisa ethtool
[sudo] password ye buzz:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo ethtool eth0
Zvirongwa zveeth0: Anotsigirwa madoko: [TP] Inotsigirwa nzira dzekubatanidza: 10baseT / Hafu 10baseT / Yakazara 100baseT / Hafu 100baseT / Yakazara 1000baseT / Yakazara Inotsigirwa kumbomira kushandisa furemu: Hapana Inotsigira auto-kutaurirana: Hongu Yakashambadzirwa link modes: 10baseT / Hafu 10baseT / Yakazara 100baseT / Hafu 100baseT / Yakazara 1000baseT / Yakazara Yakashambadzirwa kumbomira furemu yekushandisa: Hapana Kushambadzira auto-kutaurirana: Hongu Speed: 100Mb / s Duplex: Yakazara Port: Yakamonyaniswa Pair PHYAD: 1 Transceiver: mukati Auto-kutaurirana: pane MDI-X: pa (auto) Inotsigira Wake-on: pumbg Wake-on: g Yazvino mameseji nhanho: 0x00000007 (7) drv probe chinongedzo Chinongedzo chakaonekwa: hongu

Shanduko dzatinoita tichishandisa turu iyi ndedzechinguva uye dzinozorasika pane inotevera komputa kutangazve. Kana isu tichida zvachose zvigadziriso zvakaitwa kuburikidza ethtool, isu tinofanirwa kuwedzera mufaira / etc / network / interfaces rairo «pre up"Kana" usati wasimudza chinongedzo "seinotevera:

motokari eth1
iface eth1 internet dhcp
pre-up / sbin / ethtool -s eth1 kumhanya 1000 duplex yakazara

Saka kadhi yemambure eth1 iyo inowana kero yayo yeIP kubva kune server yeDHCP, inogadziriswa zvachose kuti ishande nekumhanya kwe1000 Mb / s mune modhi Yakazara Duplex.

  • Maitiro ari pamusoro apa anoshandawo kumakadhi ane static IPs.

Ip kero

Tichaona pazasi maitiro ekugadzirisa iyo IP kero yemidziyo, pamwe negedhi - suo nekusarudzika, zvakakosha pakukurukurirana nevamwe vese vemuno network uye zvakananga neInternet kuburikidza su suo.

  • Patinonyora "zvakananga»Isu tinotaura nezvezviitiko zveSMM network umo maInternet anotenderwa pasina kushandisa server Proxy, zvinova hazvikurudzirwe, kunyange paine ane simba firewall pakombuta pachayo inoshanda se Gateway. Kana nguva yako yasvika tichabata nyaya iyi Proxy.

Kutaurirana kwenguva pfupi

Uchishandisa yakajairwa mirairo yechero Linux kugovera senge ip, ifconfig uye nzira, isu tinokwanisa kumisa kwenguva pfupi network network sezvatichaona pazasi.

Kugovera kero yeIP uye subnet mask uye wobva watarisa mashandiro, ngatiitei:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo ifconfig eth0 172.16.10.2 netmask 255.255.0.0
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ Sudo ifconfig
eth0 Batanidza encap: Ethernet HWaddr 70: 54: d2: 19: ad: 65 inet addr: 172.16.10.2 Bcast: 172.16.255.255 Mask: 255.255.0.0 inet6 addr: fe80 :: 7254: d2ff: fe19: ad65 / 64 Makuriro: Batanidza UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU: 1500 Metric: 1 RX mapaketi: 0 zvikanganiso: 0 akadonhedza: 0 kudarika: 0 furemu: 0 TX mapaketi: 659 zvikanganiso: 0 akadonhedza: 0 kudarika: 0 mutakuri: 0 makorokoro: 0 txqueuelen: 1000 RX mabheti: 0 (0.0 B) TX mabheti: 115601 (112.8 KiB) Kanganisa: 20 Ndangariro: fe600000-fe620000

Isu takango kupa kadhi kwechinguva eth0 static IP kero 172.16.10.2 ine subnet mask 255.255.0.0 vari veClass «B» Yakavanzika Internet Network.

  • Ziva kuti isu takagadzirisa kugadziridzwa kweiyo eth0 network interface yesysadmin komputa pachayo.desdelinux.fan iyo yaimbova neIP 10.10.10.1/255.255.255.0 ndeyeClass "A" Yakavanzika Internet Network, kunyangwe ichingogona makomputa makumi maviri neshanu nemashanu zvinoenderana nesetnet mask..

Kugadzirisa iyo Gateway nekumira uye wozotarisa mashandiro acho ngatiitei:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo nzira wedzera default gw 172.16.10.1 eth0

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo nzira -n
Kernel IP routing tafura yekuenda Gateway Genmask Mireza Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 172.16.10.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 172.16.10.1 0.0.0.0 UG 1024 0 0 eth0 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 vmnet8 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0

Isu takangopa iyo Gateway kwenguva pfupi 172.16.10.1 kugadziridza eth0 172.16.10.2, nepo mamwe maumbirwo achichengeta tsika dzawo dzekare.

Kuti tibvise ZVESE maratidziro emakadhi enetiweki, ngatitangei:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo ip addr inomhanya eth0

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ Sudo ifconfig
eth0 Batanidza encap: Ethernet HWaddr 70: 54: d2: 19: ad: 65 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU: 1500 Metric: 1 RX mapaketi: 0 zvikanganiso: 0 akadonhedza: 0 kudarika: 0 furemu: 0 TX mapaketi: 718 zvikanganiso: 0 zvikanganiso kwakadonhedzwa: 0 kudarika: 0 mutakuri: 0 makorokoto: 0 txqueuelen: 1000 RX byte: 0 (0.0 B) TX mabheti: 125388 (122.4 KiB) Kanganisa: 20 Ndangariro: fe600000-fe620000

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo nzira -n
Kernel IP yekufambisa tafura yekuenda Gateway Genmask Mireza Metric Ref Shandisa Iface 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 vmnet8 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
  • Ngatitarisei zvakanaka, nekuti isu tinobvisa Yese yapfuura network masisitimu kunyangwe iyo yakaziviswa mu / etc / network / interfaces faira!.

Kudzosera nyika kune zvayaive tisati tatanga komputa. Kana tisingade kumira kushanda, ngatimhanyei:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo ifconfig eth0 10.10.10.1 netmask 255.255.255.0

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo ifconfig eth0
eth0 Batanidza encap: Ethernet HWaddr 70: 54: d2: 19: ad: 65 inet addr: 10.10.10.1 Bcast: 10.10.10.255 Mask: 255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU: 1500 Metric: 1 RX mapaketi: 0 zvikanganiso: 0 kwakadonhedzwa: 0 kuwanda: 0 furemu: 0 TX mapaketi: 729 zvikanganiso: 0 kwakadonhedzwa: 0 kudarika: 0 mutakuri: 0 makorokoto: 0 txqueuelen: 1000 RX mabheti: 0 (0.0 B) TX mabheti: 129009 (125.9 KiB) Kanganisa: 20 Ndangariro: fe600000-fe620000

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo nzira -n
Kernel IP yekufambisa tafura yekuenda Gateway Genmask Mireza Metric Ref Use Iface 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 eth0 0 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.0 U 255.255.255.0 0 0 vmnet0 8 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.0 U 255.255.255.0 0 0 virbr0

uye saka tinodzokera kumagadzirirwo epakutanga.

Kwekanguva kero uchishandisa iyo ip yekuraira

Pane dzakawanda nguva tinofamba neLaptop - Laptop kune imwe SME Network iyo yakakumbira masevhisi edu kana rubatsiro uye isu hatidi kushandura yakajairwa kumisikidzwa kweiyo network interface. Kuti tiite izvi tinogona kushandisa rairo ip.

Kuraira ip inoiswa ne package ipepe, or the iproute2 zvinoenderana nekuparadzirwa uye neshanduro. MuDebian 6 "Svina" -mumaonero edu pachedu- iwo wemirairo murume mapeji ip ivo vainyatsojekesa kupfuura semuenzaniso, Wheezy naJessie. ip kana ichienderera mberi ichishandiswa kuratidza, kana kushandisa nzira - routing, zvishandiso, marongero emitemo uye tunnel.

Unogona kutarisa mapeji emurume weshanduro yakaiswa uchishandisa murume ip.

Ini ndangoishandisa kugovera imwe IP kero inoenderana neimwe kambani SMB LAN subnet. Semuenzaniso, ngatipei IP kero 192.168.1.250 kuwedzera kune iyo yauinayo uye inova iyo 10.10.10.1 kukombiyuta yangu yekambani kadhi:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ ip addr kuratidza eth0
2: eth0: munhu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link / ether 70: 54: d2: 19: ad: 65 brd ff: ff: ff: ff: ff: ff
    inet 10.10.10.1/24 brd 10.10.10.255 chiyero chenyika yose eth0
       valid_lft zvachose yakasarudzwa_lft nekusingaperi inet6 fe80 :: 7254: d2ff: fe19: ad65 / 64 chiyero chinongedzo chinoshanda_lft zvachose chinodiwa_lft zvachose

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo ip addr wedzera 192.168.1.250/24 nhepfenyuro 192.168.1.255 dev eth0

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ ip addr kuratidza eth0
2: eth0: munhu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link / ether 70: 54: d2: 19: ad: 65 brd ff: ff: ff: ff: ff: ff
    inet 10.10.10.1/24 brd 10.10.10.255 chiyero chenyika yose eth0
       valid_lft zvachose yakasarudzwa_lft zvachose
    inet 192.168.1.250/24 brd 192.168.1.255 chiyero chenyika yose eth0
       valid_lft zvachose yakasarudzwa_lft nekusingaperi inet6 fe80 :: 7254: d2ff: fe19: ad65 / 64 chiyero chinongedzo chinoshanda_lft zvachose chinodiwa_lft zvachose

Kunyangwe kuburitswa kwemurairo kuchiratidza kuti shanduko inoshanda nekusingaperi

valid_lft zvachose yakasarudzwa_lft zvachose

izvi hazviitike chaizvo, izvo zvatinogona kutarisa kana tikadzima uye nekukurumidza mushure mekugonesa chinongedzo chiri mubvunzo tichishandisa mirairo ifdow eth0 && ifup eth0. Kana isu tisingade kutangidza zvakare interface uye dzokera ku eth0 kune yayo yekutanga mamiriro, isu tinoita:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo ip addr del 192.168.1.250/24 nhepfenyuro 192.168.1.255 dev eth0
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ ip addr kuratidza eth0

Kuziva iyo mirairo iyo inoiswa pasuru iproute2 Ngatimhanyei:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo dpkg -L iproute2 | grep / bin
buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo dpkg -L iproute2 | grep / sbin

Dynamic Kutaura

Kana isu tichida mudziyo kuti uwane yakasimba IP kero, isu tinofanirwa kumisikidza yayo network interface kuitira kuti iwane iyo kuburikidza ne dhclient. Isu tinongofanirwa kuzivisa mufaira / etc / network / interfaces iyi inotevera mitsara yeiyo interface:

motokari eth0
iface etho internet dhcp

Kana panguva yekumisikidzwa kwainge kwafemerwa kuti kiredhiti kadhi riwane ine simba IP, nhanho yapfuura haina kudikanwa sezvo ichifanirwa kugadziridzwa nenzira kwayo kuitira kuti ibhadhare IP kubva kune iripo DHCP server mune iyo SME Network.

Kana zviri izvo kuti isu tinoshanduka kubva kuStatic IP kuenda kuDynamic imwe, kana kuti isu tinowedzera nyowani interface uye tinoda kutora ine simba IP, kugonesa iyo interface yatinoita.

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo ifup eth0

raira kuti mune ino kesi inoraira chirongwa dhclient tanga maitiro eDHCP. Kuremadza iyo interface yatinoita

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ Sudo ifdown eth0

rairo iyo inotanga nzira yekusunungura - kuregedzera kumisikidza uchishandisa DHCP uye kuvhara iyo network interface.

Mhanya murume dhclient kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve DHCP mutengi chirongwa.

Static kero

Isu takaona muzvinyorwa zvakawanda zvakapfuura maitiro ekugadzirisa iyo static IP pane network interface. Iyo huru yekumisikidza faira iri / etc / network / interfaces. Muenzaniso:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ katsi / nezvimwe / network / nzvimbo
# Iyi faira inotsanangura maratidziro enetiweki anowanikwa pane yako system # uye maitiro ekuvagonesa. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, tarisa nzvimbo (5). # Iyo loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # Iyo yekutanga network interface inobvumira-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet static
    Kero 10.10.10.1/24 desdelinux.fan

Iyo network sisitimu yekumisikidza parameter eth0 kubva pane iri pamusoro faira inoratidza:

  • bvumira-hotplug eth0: Mashoko akafanana ne "motokari»Uye«tendera-auto«. Mutsara unoratidza kuti chimiro chemuviri eth0 ndinofanira kusimuka - up otomatiki nema subsystem akasiyana siyana panguva yekutanga komputa. Kazhinji ne kana
  • iface eth0 inet static: mutsara unoratidza kuti interface - iface eth0 inofanirwa kugadzirirwa network TCP / IP IPv4 zvine simba-yakagadziriswa IP- uye kwete zvine simba, sezvazviri mune Dynamic Kutaurirana netambo iface eth0 internet dhcp
  • kero 10.10.10.1: ipa IPv4 10.10.10.1 kune interface
  • netmask 255.255.255.0- Subnet mask yechinyakare Kirasi "C" LAN inosvika 254 makomputa. Izwi rakafanana rekuzivisa kero 10.10.10.1/24 mumutsara wapfuura
  • samambure: subnet kune iyo yakapihwa static kero iri
  • nhepfenyuro: Nhepfenyuro kana kushambadzira IP
  • suo: gedhi rekubatanidza neInternet
  • dns-nameservers- DNS server IP kero kana pasuru yacho yaiswa chiyoga izvo zvisingafanire kuvhiringidzwa nefaira /etc/resolv.conf - kana kugadzirisa
  • dns-tsvaga: default yekutsvaga domaini muDNS mibvunzo

Zviri mukati mefaira repamusoro zvinogona kurerutswa ku:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ katsi / nezvimwe / network / nzvimbo
auto tarira iface lo inet loopback

tendera-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet static kero 10.10.10.1/24

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ ip addr kuratidza eth0
2: eth0: munhu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link / ether 70: 54: d2: 19: ad: 65 brd ff: ff: ff: ff: ff: ff inet 10.10.10.1/24 brd 10.10.10.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft zvachose unosarudza_lft nekusingaperi inet6 fe80 :: 7254: d2ff: fe19: ad65 / 64 chiyero chinongedzo chinoshanda_lft zvachose chinodiwa_lft zvachose

Dzimwe dzese paramende dzinotora iwo chaiwo maitiro, pasina kukanganwa iwo maitiro atakazivisa mufaira /etc/resolv.conf al HERE ita kuti pasuru iiswe chiyoga.

Zambuko - Bridge Rinobatanidza

Kugadzira Bridge - zambuko iwe unofanirwa kuisa iyo Bridge-utils package:

buzz @ sysadmin: ~ $ sudo kukodzera kuisa bhiriji-zvishandiso

Mabhiriji anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muVirtualization. Ngatitii tine HP Proliant ML 350 Gen 8 kana Gen 9 server ine 4 network mapindiro. Tinogona kusiya mumwe wake kuti ataure zvakanangana neHost - Host iyo inotsigira chaiwo michina. Nevatatu vakasara tinogona kuita Anonymous Bridge -pasina kupa chero IP kero- uye batanidza michina chaiyo kune iro bhiriji kuti vakwanise kuwana iyo SME LAN, michina chaiyo ine static kana ine simba IP kero.

Iri zano rinobatsira kwazvo rakapihwa kwandiri neshamwari yangu uye wandaishanda naye Edward Claus. Zvakare, mune iyo faira / usr / share / doc / ifupdown / mienzaniso / bridge tichawana chinyorwa - chinyorwa maitiro ekubhiridzira akawanda network network.

buzz @ inomiririra: ~ $ sudo nano / etc / network / interfaces
auto lo iface lo inet loopback tendera-hotplug eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.10.27 iface eth1 inet manual iface eth2 inet manual iface eth3 inet manual # Bridge Anonymous auto br0 iface br0 inet manual bridge_ports eth1 eth2 eth3

Resumen

Nyaya yeTerecommunications ine hunyengeri uye inoda kudzidza kwakawanda uye kuita. Sysadmin inoda kuziva zvakakosha. Ichi chinyorwa chingori a Minimum Pfungwa Yekupinda. Hapachina.

Hatina kubata - uye hatichatobata - iyo OSI modhi «Vhura Kubatana kweSystem»Ndeipi inongedzo yemhando yenetwork protocols ine yakarongedzwa dhizaini yakagadzirwa muna 1980 neInternational Organisation for Standardization«ISO".

Dzikira muzvinyorwa zve OSI modhi, ingangoenzana nekuburukira kune Yakadzika Webhu kana Yakadzika Webhu ... zvirinani kwandiri kuti ini handisi Hacker.

Kunotevera kuendesa

Nhanganyaya kuKusimbisa Kwechokwadi


Siya yako yekutaura

Your kero e havazobvumirwi ichibudiswa. Raida minda anozivikanwa ne *

*

*

  1. Inotarisira iyo data: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Chinangwa cheiyo data: Kudzora SPAM, manejimendi manejimendi.
  3. Legitimation: Kubvuma kwako
  4. Kutaurirana kwedata
  5. Dhata yekuchengetedza: Dhatabhesi inobatwa neOccentus Networks (EU)
  6. Kodzero: Panguva ipi neipi iwe unogona kudzora, kupora uye kudzima ruzivo rwako

  1.   Zodiac Carburus akadaro
    inoita 7 makore

    Kuraira ip Ndakaishandisa senge iwe, Fico, pane dzakawanda nguva uye yakashanda seye tambo yeupenyu. Iwe waifanira chete kunyora nezve zvakavanzika netiweki zvakachengeterwa zvebhizimusi network. Chakashata chinyorwa "chinobatsira" kana chinyorwa uye chakashanyirwa nevazhinji hachina mhinduro zhinji.

    Pindura Zodiac Carburus
  2.   Zodiac Carburus akadaro
    inoita 7 makore

    Ndakaona kusabatika pane kwako chikamu, Fico. Mune chirevo chebhiriji inoti:
    iface br0 inet manyore

    Sezvaunoziva, neiyo imwechete tambo kana uchitangazve zambuko haringozvisimudza. Unofanira kuti:

    motokari br0
    iface mukoma inet manyore
    bridge_ports eth1 eth2 eth3

    Unogamuchirwa. 🙂

    Pindura Zodiac Carburus
  3.   federico akadaro
    inoita 7 makore

    Mhoro Zodiac.
    Iwe sekugara uchiverenga zvinyorwa zvangu zvakadzama.
    Ini ndichasanganisira iyo yakazvimiririra maratidziro mune yekutanga chinyorwa cheSamba 4. Uye hongu, ini ndakanganwa kunyora motokari br0 pakutanga kwekugadziriswa kwebhiriji. Rega tione kana mudiwa Luigys, saiti maneja, achigadzirisa iyo posvo.
    Ndatenda zvikuru nenguva yako, Zodiac.

    Pindura kuna federico
  4.   zvide akadaro
    inoita 7 makore

    Ini ndinoda kuverenga aya marudzi ezvidzidzo pane yangu RSS. Ndakaaverenga kwenguva yakareba uye ndanga ndadonha kuti akafanana nemachapter. Ndikati ... Maita basa, ndakuverengai

    Pindura Ado Ello
  5.   federico akadaro
    inoita 7 makore

    Zvakanaka, ramba uchifarira kuverenga, Ado Ello. Mufaro!

    Pindura kuna federico