5 siyaabood oo loo furo loona xiro aalad USB ah adiga oo aan gacmaha ka saarin kumbuyuutarka

Marar badan, markaan isticmaaleyno kumbuyuutarkeena waxaan ka goynaa aaladda USB-ga (si badbaado leh, waa inay ahaataa) iyo, isla markiiba ka dib, waxaan ogaanay inaan ilaawnay nuqul feyl ama inaan hubinay inay xog ku jirto cutubkeena. Xaaladahan oo kale, badanaa way waxtar badan tahay in laga jaro fiilooyinka USB-ga markii aan ka shaqeyno meel fog.

Ka dib markii aan soo saarnay aaladda, mar dambe kuma arki doonno liistada qalabkayaga, laakiin darawalka adag ama pendrive weli wuxuu ku xiran yahay dekedda USB, iyo qaybinta badan ee maanta, isagoo si nabad ah uga saaray darawalka, sidoo kale ma aragno qalabka iyo Ma sameyn karno Buur laga bilaabo terminaalkeena. Xalka ugu dhaqsaha badan ayaa ah in laga furo xarigga oo dib loo xiro, mararka qaarkood, ama caajisnimo darteed oo ah inaan kaco ama sababtoo ah waxaan heleynaa kumbuyuutar aynaan hor joogin oo aysan jirin cid u dhow, ma sameyn karno .

Macluumaadka ku saabsan qalabka USB-ga

Kahor intaanan bilaabin, aan aragno sida loo helo macluumaadka ku saabsan aaladaha USB ee ku xiran nidaamka. Tan awgeed, waxaan u isticmaali karnaa lsusb, kaas oo qori doona aaladaha ku xiran hadda. Waxaan tusaalooyin u soo qaataa waxa aan hadda ka helo kumbuyuutarkayga, laakiin laga yaabee inay aad uga duwan tahay waxa aad hesho:

$ lsusb Bus 002 Qalabka 001: ID 1d6b: 0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 xidid xarun Bus 001 Device 006: ID 8087: 0a2a Intel Corp. Bus 001 Device 007: ID 046d: c52b Logitech, Inc. Mideeya Raajiyaha Baska 001 Qalabka 005: ID 1a40 : 0101 Terminus Technology Inc. Hub Bus 001 Qalabka 010: ID 125f: c93a A-DATA Technology Co., Ltd. 4GB Pen Drive Bus 001 Device 003: ID 04f2: b424 Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b : 0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 xudunta xididka

Haddii aan dooneyno macluumaad dheeri ah, waxaan adeegsan karnaa -t wax ka beddelaha kaas oo ina tusi doona wax soo saar qaab geed ah oo leh macluumaad ku saabsan qaybaha:

$ lsusb -t /: Bus 02. Port 1: Dev 1, Class = root_hub, Darawal = xhci_hcd / 8p, 5000M /: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class = root_hub, Darawal = xhci_hcd / 16p, 480M | __ Port 4: Dev 3, If 0, Class = Video, Driver = uvcvideo, 480M | __ Port 4: Dev 3, If 1, Class = Video, Driver = uvcvideo, 480M | __ Port 5: Dev 10, If 0, Class = Kaydinta Miisaanka, Darawalka = USB-kaydinta, 480M | __ Port 6: Dev 5, If 0, Class = Hub, Driver = hub / 4p, 12M | __ Port 4: Dev 7, If 0, Class = Qalabka Wajiga Aadanaha, Darawal = usbhid, 12M | __ Port 4: Dev 7, If 1, Class = Aaladda Isdhexgalka Aadanaha, Darawal = usbhid, 12M | __ Port 4: Dev 7, Hadday 2 tahay, Class = Qalabka Isdhaxgalka Aadanaha, Darawal = usbhid, 12M | __ Port 9: Dev 6, If 0, Class = Wireless, Driver = btusb, 12M | __ Port 9: Dev 6, If 1, Class = Wireless, Darawal = btusb, 12M

Haddii aan rabno macluumaad dheeraad ah, waan isticmaali karnaa lssb -v (wax soo saarku aad buu u ballaaran yahay), intaa waxaa sii dheer waxaan kari karnaa, tusaale ahaan, inaan ogaanno awoodda ugu badan ee la geeyo qalabka, sida soo socota:

$ lsusb -v 2> / dev / null | egrep "^ Bus | MaxPower" Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b: 0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 xidid MaxPower 0mA Bus 001 Device 006: ID 8087: 0a2a Intel Corp. MaxPower 100mA Bus 001 Qalabka 007: ID 046d: c52b Logitech, Inc. Mideeye qaataha MaxPower 98mA Bus 001 Qalabka 005: ID 1a40: 0101 Terminus Technology Inc. Hub MaxPower 100mA Bus 001 Qalabka 010: ID 125f: c93a A-DATA Technology Co., Ltd. 4GB Pen Drive MaxPower 480mA Bus 001 Device 003: ID 04f2: b424 Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd MaxPower 500mA Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b: 0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 xidid MaxPower 0mA

Amarada kale ee aadka u anfacaya ayaa ah qalabka USB-ga, hwinfo, ama, tusaale ahaan, haddii aan haysanno dariiqa aaladda (gudaha / dev /), waxaan weydiisan karnaa nidaamka dhammaan macluumaadka suurtagalka ah ee ku saabsan iyo nidaamyada hoose ee ay tahay inuu maro. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aan ku xirno USB adag, si aan u aragno sida loo isticmaalo aaladda, waxaan u baahanahay darawal SCSI ah (oo loogu talagalay / dev / sdX), waxaan sidoo kale u baahanahay darawal keyd USB ah, oo ka dhex shaqeeya Dekedda USB, oo ay leedahay xarun, kaas oo ku xiran dekedda PCI, iyo nidaamyada kale ee dhexdhexaadka ah. Dhamaan wixii aan arki karnay

$ udevadm info --query = path --name --name = / dev / sdX - qaybinta-socodka

o

$ udevadm info -a -n / dev / sdX

Haddii aan dooneyno inaan dhiirrigelino, sidoo kale waan geli karnaa / sys / bas / usb oo aan eegno wax walba oo jira, waxaan arki doonaa macluumaad badan, laakiin nasiib wanaag amarrada kor ku xusan ayaa kala saara dhammaan macluumaadkaas.

Mudnaanta iyo qalabka

Si loo fuliyo hawshan waxaan u baahan doonaa inaan ogaanno aaladda aan u soconno dib isugu xir. Si tan loo sameeyo, waan ordi karnaa:

$ dmesg | dabada [Thu Nov 24 19:50:04 2016] sd 7: 0: 0: 0: Ku lifaaqan scsi generic sg3 nooca 0 [798339.431677] sd 7: 0: 0: 0: [sdc] 15806464 512-byte logical blocks: ( 8.09 GB / 7.54 GiB) [798339.431840] sd 7: 0: 0: 0: [sdc] Qor Difaaca ayaa xidhan [798339.431848] sd 7: 0: 0: 0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 00 00 00 00 [798339.431988] sd 7: 0: 0: 0: [sdc] Dalbashada xogta khasnadaha ayaa guuldareystay : 798339.431996: 7: 0: [sdc] Ku lifaaqan SCSI diskka laga saari karo [0] ISO 0 Kordhinta: Microsoft Joliet Level 798339.434157 [1] ISO 2 Kordhinta: RRIP_798339.446812A

Soo saariddan, waxaan arki doonnaa in aaladda aan la shaqeyneyno ay tahay sdc (sdc1 iyo sdc2 waxay noqon doonaan qeeybo ka dhexjirta diskigaas). Tusaalooyinka aan u isticmaali doono qalabkan, kiiskaaga waa inaad aragtaa koontada aad haysato.

Tusaalooyinka hoose waxaan ku isticmaali doonaa sudo in lagu fuliyo amarrada leh mudnaanta xidid. In kasta oo ay ku filnaan lahayd in la helo adeegsade leh rukhsad ku filan. Haddii aan rabno inaan aragno mudnaanta lagama maarmaanka ah, kaliya samee ls qalab:

$ ls -latr / dev / sdc brw-rw ---- 1 xidid disk 8, 32 Nofeembar 24 19:50 / dev / sdc

Halkaas waxaan ku aragnaa in milkiiluhu xidid yahay iyo kooxda disk. Waxay ku filnaan laheyd in la helo isticmaale ka tirsan diskiga kooxda.

Habka 1. Ula dhaqan sida CD / DVD

Waa tan ugu fudud. Xaqiiqdii haddii aad ku jirtay GNU / Linux sannado, markii aad la shaqeyneysay CD-ROM ama DVD waxaad adeegsaneysay amarka la soo saaray. Hagaag, Eject-ka ayaa loo adeegsaday in lagu furo CDROM iyo gantaal -t ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu xiro saxaaradda. Hagaag, haddii aan tan sameyno kahor qalabka USB:

$ sudo eject -t / dev / sdc

Qalabka waa inuu u muuqdaa sidii inaan mar kale ku xirnay.

Habka 2. Xadhiga ka jaray oo Virtual Plug In In

Nidaamyada qaar (illaa inta qalabka ka taageerayo), markaad si ammaan ah uga saarto qalabka USB-ga, qalabku wuxuu joojiyaa korontada qalabkuna mar dambe uma muuqanayo. Waxay la mid tahay markaad sameyso:

udisksctl awood-off -b / dev / sdc

Xaaladdan oo kale, / dev / sdc waa aaladdayda, amarkayganna waxay u ekeysiisay ka go'idda korontada dalwaddii.

Dhibaatadu waxay tahay in hadda / dev / sdc aysan jirin, maxaa intaas ka sii badan, haddaan eegno dmesg, waxaan heli doonnaa wax sidan oo kale ah:

$ dmesg | dabada [281954.693298] USB 1-5: USB ka goynta, qalabka lambarka 3

Marka hadaan isku dayno qaabka saar ma shaqeyn doonto. Xusuusin: Waan iftiimiyay USB 1-5 waana arki doonaa sababta ugu dhakhsaha badan.

Haddii aad meel fog ka shaqeyso, tani waxay noqon kartaa fikrad wanaagsan. Qiyaas inaad haysato darawallo USB ah oo ku lifaaqan kaydinta. Markii aad samaynaysid nuqullada, way fiicantahay in nidaamku ogyahay inay jiraan cajalado isku xidhan laakiin, marka aynaan isticmaaleynin, marka dhinac laga eego waa inaan badbaadi tamarta oo iska ilaali maqaarka maqaarka, sidaas darteed waxaa fiican inaad ka gooyso kan hadda socda, dhinaca kale, dooni meyno barnaamijyada xaasidnimada leh inay arkaan inay jiraan diskigaan si uusan u qaadsiinin. (Haa, waxaa jira fayrasyo ​​ku jira GNU / Linux).

Sideen hadda ugu xirnaa kan hadda jira?

Waa inaan u yeerno dekedda USB-ga, tan darteed waxaa jira mashruuc la yiraahdo xoog : Waxaa jira mashaariic badan (sida uhubctl), laakiin ma leh wax ku tiirsan marka aan u tagno uruurinta, sidoo kale waa uun file hubpower.c.
Marka hore, waan soo uruurineynaa,

$ gcc -o hubpower hubpower.c

Hadda, miyaad xusuusataa tirooyinka si geesinimo leh uga socda dmesg? Hagaag, waanu adeegsanaynaa iyaga, waa inaanu qalabka ka saarnaa oo aan dib isugu xirnaa, sida tan

$ sudo ./hubpower 1: 1 power 5 off Port 5 status: 0000 Power-Off $ sudo ./hubpower 1: 1 power 5 xaalada 5 Port: 0100 Power-On

Haddii qalabku aanu na ogaan, waxaan isku dayi karnaa inaan sameyno:

$ sudo ./hubpower 1: 1 xidho Codsiga darawal-wadaha ah ee loo diro xarkaha

Sidan oo kale, waxaan arki doonnaa aaladdayada USB-ga ku xiran markale.

Haddii aynaan rabin barnaamij C ah ... waxaan ku hayaa perl

Barnaamijka C waa adag tahay in la soo ururiyo oo la tijaabiyo haddii waxa aan sameyn doonno ay aad u fudud yihiin, sidaa darteed waxaan isku dayi karnaa dekeddan yar 10 xariiq oo lagu sameeyay perl:

#! / bin / perl waxay u baahan yihiin "sys / ioctl.ph"; $ qalab = "05"; fur (my $ usbdev,"> "," / dev / bus / usb/ 001/001 "); $ data = pack ("H *", "23010800". $ qalab. "000000FFFFFF8813"); ioctl ($ usbdev, 0xC0185500, $ xogta); $ data = pack ("H *", "23030800". $ qalab. "000000FFFFFF8813"); ioctl ($ usbdev, 0xC0185500, $ xogta); xir ($ usbdev);

Waa inaan ixtiraamnaa $ qalab, lambarka dekedda (xaaladdaydu waxay ahayd 5), waa qiimo ku jirta hexadecimal, sidaa darteed 10 waxay noqon doontaa A, 11 waxay noqon doontaa B, 15 waxay noqon doontaa F, 16 waxay noqon doontaa 10 ... Sidoo kale waa inaan kormeerno aaladda iyo baska, oo aan ka soo galno / dev / bus / usb /001/001, tirooyinku waa inay la socdaan eber hogaaminaya tan iyo markii aan u yeerayno faylkaas.

Sida aan aragno, furaha wuxuu kujiraa ioctl (), waa shaqo wax ka qabata xuduudaha aaladda feyl gaar ah nidaamka feylka. Ka mid ah qiimaha hexadecimal loo isticmaalo, waxaan ka heli 0xC0185500, joogto ah oo loo yaqaan 'USBDEVFS_CONTROL' kaas oo aan ugu diri doono amar koontarool qalabka USB-ka, Furayaasha kale waxay ka tirsan yihiin goynta iyo isku xirnaanta codsiga (waxaad ka heli kartaa macluumaad dheeri ah barnaamijka lagu sameeyay C).

Habka 3. Qarinta iyo muujinta qalabka

Siyaabo kale oo qalab looga jaro waxay noqon kartaa:

echo '1-5' | sudo tee / sys / bus / usb / wadayaasha / usb / unbind

Oo waxaan ku soo kaban karnaa annagoo sameyneyna:

echo '1-5' | sudo tee / sys / bus / usb / drivers / usb / bind

Habkani ma keenayo in qalabku si buuxda u jaro. Kaliya waxay ka dhigeysaa nidaamka qalliinka inuusan la hadlin oo aalado badan, marka kumbuyuutar uusan rabin inuu wax ka ogaado iyaga, ayaa la geliyaa hab awood hooseeya, maadaama aanan waxba weydiisan doonin.

Habka 4. Oggolaanshaha qalabka

Faa'iido darrada habkani waa in nidaamyo badan aalado badan si ku-meelgaar ah loogu naafoobi karo, kuwaas oo aan ahayn oo keliya midka aan u baahan nahay, laakiin waxaan sidoo kale weerareynaa xarun dhan oo USB ah. Tusaale ahaan:

$ echo 0 | sudo tee / sys / bus / usb / devices / usb1 / idmo $ echo 1 | sudo tee / sys / bus / usb / devices / usb1 / idman

Kee, dabcan, waxaan ku wadi karnaa wax walba oo isku xigxiga:

$ echo 0 | sudo tee / sys / bus / usb / devices / usb1 / idman; dhawaaqa 1 | sudo tee / sys / bus / usb / devices / usb1 / idman

Waa inaan ka taxaddarnaa, haddii ay jiraan cajalado badan oo ku xiran isla dekedda USB (oo had iyo jeer ku jira kombuyuutarradeena, dhowr dekedo USB ah oo aan aragno ayaa gudaha ku xiran xarun, sidaas darteed waxaa jira kooxo dekedo leh isla USB aabbahay, si uun u dhig.

Habka 5. Dib u cusbooneysii nidaamka hoose ee USB

Haddii aan rabno inaan dib u bilowno nidaamka USB-ka. Taasi waa, cusbooneysii dhamaan aaladaha USB-ga, sida furaynta iyo ku xirida dhamaantood, hal dhinac oo aan kala soo bixi karno oo aan ku soo dejin karno qaybta hoose ee USB-ga:

$ sudo modprobe -r ehci_hcd; sudo modprobe ehci_hcd #For USB2 $ sudo modprobe -r xhci_hcd; sudo modprobe xhci_hcd #For USB3

In kasta oo qaybinta qaar ka mid ah, noocyadii ugu dambeeyay ee Ubuntu iyo waxyaabaha la mid ah ay ka mid yihiin, ayaa leh modules USB isku dhafan mana soo degsan karaan. Dhinaca kale, nidaamku nama oggolaan karo inaan iyaga soo dejino maxaa yeelay waa la isticmaalayaa iyada oo ay jiraan qaybo kale (madbacadaha, kaydinta, qalabka isdhexgalka, iwm.), Haddii aan bilowno inaan soo dejisanno qaybaha oo aan wax jabino, waxaa laga yaabaa inaan dib u bilowno kombiyuutarka. Marka, qaab kale oo aan u sameyn karno:

$ echo '0000:00:14.5'| sudo tee / sys / bas / pci / wadayaasha / xhci_hcd / unbind $ echo '0000:00:14.5'| sudo tee / sys / bus / pci / drivers / xhci_hcd / bind

Si aan u helno qalabkeena, waxaan ku sameyn karnaa gudaha gudaha / sys / bus / pci / drivers / xhci_hcd, waxyaabo dhowr ah ayaa soo muuqan doona, waa inaan raadinaa mid sidan u eg aaaa: bb: cc: dd.e.. Dekeddaada USB-ga ah uma imaan karto xhci_hcd (USB3), laakiin waa ehci_hcd (USB2)