Keydinta GNU / Linux: Farshaxanka Isku Darka!

Bakhaar ahaan asal ahaan waa koox ku jirta internetkayacni adeege kaas oo martigaliya barnaamijyada gaarka ah ee hal ama kabadan Nidaamyada Howlgalka Linux, oo guud ahaan loo dhisay in laga soo maro qunsuliyada ama maareeyaha baakadka garaafyada, in kasta oo xaaladaha kale ay ka mid tahay marin looga helo Browser-ka.

Isticmaalidda keydka loogu talagalay Linux-keena waxay na siineysaa faa iidada ah in barnaamijyada laga helo bakhaarradan la xaqiijiyo Bulshada Software-ka Bilaashka ah iyo Qeybinta u gaar ah ee abuureysa isla markaana taageereysa, marka dhibaatooyinka ugu yar ayaa loo dammaanad qaadayaa iyaga.

Hordhaca isticmaalka Keydadka

In kasta oo Distro kasta uu adeegsado keydkiisa, badankood waxay ka kooban yihiin barnaamijyo badan oo isku mid ah ama isku mid ah (baakado) oo loo isticmaali karo inta u dhexeysa Distros kala duwan, markaa ujeedadu waa in la awoodo in la isticmaalo hal ama meel kale oo keyd dibadeed ah si kor loogu qaado qiimaha nidaamyadayada hawlgalka.

Qoraalkan waxaan rajeyneynaa inaan siino tilmaamo yoolkaas., laakiin marka hore waa inaan fahano sida loo dhisay Keydadka iyo ka dib awood u yeelan karto inaad aragto midka ku habboon kan kale oo sii wad inaad isticmaasho.

Qaab dhismeedka keydinta

Caadi ahaan, Keydinta Heerka ah waxay leedahay waddo ama qaabeyn la mid ah tan hoos ka muuqata:

FORMATO_PAQUETE PROTOCOLO://URL_SERVIDOR/DISTRO/ VERSIÓN RAMAS_PAQUETES

Tusaale kaydka keydka DEBIAN Jessie (8):

deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free

Tusaalaha ugu weyn ee ilaha caadiga ah. Faylka liiska, taasi waa, feylka qaabeynta hore loo sii cayimay si loo kaydiyo khadadka marin u helka iyo qaabeynta keydadka ee ay heli karto Distro, tusaale ahaan ku saleysan ku jira DEBIAN Jessie (8) noqon lahaa waxyaabaha soo socda:

################################################################
# REPOSITORIOS OFICIALES DE LINUX DEBIAN 8 (JESSIE)
#
# Repositorio base
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
# Actualizaciones de seguridad
deb http://security.debian.org/ jessie/updates main contrib non-free
# Actualizaciones para la base estable
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib non-free
# Futuras actualizaciones para la base estable
# deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ jessie-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
# Retroadaptaciones para la base estable
# deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ jessie-backports main contrib non-free
# Actualizaciones Multimedias no oficiales
# deb http://www.deb-multimedia.org jessie main non-free
# Llave del Repositorio Multimedia no oficial
# aptitude install deb-multimedia-keyring
#
################################################################

Qeyb kasta oo ka mid ah qaab dhismeedka Bakhaarka waxaa loola jeedaa waxyaabaha soo socda:

• QALABKA PACKAGE_:

1. deyn: Waxay muujineysaa in Keydadka kaliya ay ku jiraan xirmooyin la soo uruuriyay, taas oo ah, xirmooyinka rakibidda (binaries)
2. deyn-src: Waxay muujineysaa in Keydadka kaliya ay kujiraan furayaasha isha ee xirmooyinka la uruuriyay ee la heli karo, taas oo ah, xirmooyinka ilaha.

• PROTOCOL:

1. http:// - si loo muujiyo asalka laga heli karo server webka
2. ftp: // - asal ahaan laga heli karo server-ka FTP
3. CD-ga CD: // - rakibida CD-ROM / DVD-ROM / Blue-ray
4. faylka: // - si loo muujiyo asalka maxaliga ah ee lagu rakibay nidaamka faylka

• SERVER_URL:

1. ftp.xx.debian.org ==> xx wuxuu u dhigmaa waddanka uu ka soo jeedo serverka
2. magaca_ server_ ==> wuxuu noqon karaa wax kasta oo kale oo kakooban DEBIAN.

• DEGMO:

1. waa in: Lagu dabaqi karo Nidaamyada Howlgalka ee ku saleysan DEBIAN.
2. magaca distro_ Magaca ayaa laga heli karaa Server-ka si loo muujiyo wixii kale ee baakado ama noocyo gaar ah oo baakado ah oo ay ku jirto.
3. faaruq: Marar badan ma jiraan wax booskan ah, oo muujinaya in wax kasta oo jira ay u gaar yihiin hal Distro gaar ahaan.

• QAYBTA:

Marka laga hadlayo DEBIAN, waxay tilmaamaysaa noocyada laga bilaabay suuqa, tusaale ahaan:

DEBIAN GNU/Linux X ("sid") versión de desarrollo actual (inestable) (sid / unstable).
DEBIAN GNU/Linux 10.0 ("buster") versión de prueba actual (prueba) (stretch / testing).
DEBIAN GNU/Linux 9.0 ("stretch") versión de prueba actual (estable) (stretch / stable).
DEBIAN GNU/Linux 8.0 ("jessie") versión estable actual (vieja estable) (jessie / oldstable).
DEBIAN GNU/Linux 7.0 ("wheezy") antigua versión estable.
DEBIAN GNU/Linux 6.0 ("squeeze") antigua versión estable.
DEBIAN GNU/Linux 5.0 ("lenny") antigua versión estable.
DEBIAN GNU/Linux 4.0 ("etch") antigua versión estable.
DEBIAN GNU/Linux 3.1 ("sarge") antigua versión estable.
DEBIAN GNU/Linux 3.0 ("woody") antigua versión estable.
DEBIAN GNU/Linux 2.2 ("potato") antigua versión estable.
DEBIAN GNU/Linux 2.1 ("slink") antigua versión estable.
DEBIAN GNU/Linux 2.0 ("hamm") antigua versión estable.
DEBIAN GNU/Linux 1.2 ("buzz") antigua versión estable.
DEBIAN GNU/Linux 1.1 ("rex") antigua versión estable.
DEBIAN GNU/Linux 1.0 ("bo") antigua versión estable.

Keydadka DEBIAN waxay u qaybsan yihiin Qeybo:

1. OldStable (Old Stable): Nooca kaydiya baakadaha ay leeyihiin jiridii hore ee 'Debian Version'. Waqtigan xaadirka ah tan waxaa iska leh Jessie Version.
2. Xasiloon Nooca kaydiya baakadaha ay leedahay nooca hadda deggan ee 'DEBIAN'. Xilligan kan waxaa iska leh nooca loo yaqaan 'Stretch Version'.
3. Tijaabinaya: Nooca kaydiya baakadaha iska leh mustaqbalka Nooca Xasilloon ee DEBIAN. Xilligan kan waxaa iska leh nooca loo yaqaan 'Buster Version'.
4. Deggan Nooca kaydiya baakadaha ka mid ah baakadaha mustaqbalka ee sida joogtada ah u socda horumarka iyo tijaabinta, oo aakhirka ka mid noqon kara Nooca Tijaabinta ee DEBIAN. Tani had iyo jeer waxay ka tirsan tahay SID Version.

Nota: Marar badan magaca nooca waxaa sida caadiga ah la socda horgalaha "-magaalada" ama "-kadib cusboonaysiinta" si loo muujiyo baakadaha la sheegay in halkaa lagu keydiyay, in kastoo ay ka tirsan yihiin nooca la yiri, waxay u muuqdaan kuwo la cusbooneysiin doono, maadaama ay dhowaan ka yimaadeen nooca isla markiiba ka sarreeya. Mararka kale markay timaado keydka amniga horgalaha badanaa waa "/ cusbooneysiin".

• BARNAAMIJYADA_PACKAGES:

Xaalada DEBIAN, Keydadka waxay leeyihiin 3 laamood:

1. Ugu muhiimsan: Laanta kaydisa dhammaan baakadaha ku jira qaybinta rasmiga ah ee DEBIAN oo bilaash ah sida ku cad Tilmaamaha Software-ka Bilaashka ah ee DEBIAN. Qeybinta rasmiga ee DEBIAN waxay ka kooban tahay gabi ahaanba Laankan.
2. Ku darso (Ku-biir): Laanta kaydisa baakadaha ay abuureyaashoodu siiyeen ruqsad bilaash ah, laakiin waxay ku tiirsan yihiin barnaamijyada kale ee aan lacag la'aanta ahayn, taasi waa, barnaamijyada furan ee furan ee aan shaqeyn karin iyada oo aan la helin cunsurro. Waxyaabahani waxay ka noqon karaan softiweer qeybta aan bilaashka ahayn ama faylalka lahaanshaha leh sida ciyaarta ROM-yada, BIOS loogu talagalay qalabka wax lagu xiro, iwm.
3. Aan Bilaash ahayn: Laanta kaydisa xirmooyinka leh liisanka liisanka qaarkood ee xaddidaya isticmaalkooda ama dib-u-qaybintiisa, taasi waa, waxay ka kooban tahay barnaamijyo aan (gebi ahaanba) raacin mabaadi'daas laakiin weli loo qaybin karo iyada oo aan xaddidnayn.

Inaad ogaato kuwa Distro kasta, runtii hubaal waa inaan la tashanno boggaga rasmiga ah ee mid kasta, halkaas oo ay hubaal ahaan noogu soo bandhigi doonaan xog iyaga ku saabsan, sida Ubuntu y Buoni

Iswaafajinta udhaxeysa keydadka

Sida ku cad Sawirka Madaxa ee maqaalka iyo mar kale hoosta, waxaan si fudud u qiyaasi karnaa innagoo tusaale u soo qaadaneyna Qaybinta ku saleysan ama ka soo jeeda DEBIAN in waxaa jira xiriir iswaafajin toos ah oo udhaxeeya sii deynta noocyada kaladuwan ee qaybinta DEBIAN Meta iyo kuwa ku saleysan ama ka soo jeeda, sida Ubuntu, Mint, MX-Linux, Canaima iyo MinerOS.

Iswaafajinta iswaafaqsan waxay dhacdaa, maadaama ay Hooyada dhaman Distros (DEBIAN) ay sii deynayso noocyo cusub oo ay ku jiraan xirmooyin iyo codsiyo cusub., waa loo haajiray oo waxaa loo hirgaliyay kuwa kale ee yar yar si toos ah ama si tartiib tartiib ah loogu waafajinayo kuwa waaweyn sida Ubuntu halkaasna looga sii daayo noocyadooda.

Qayb kasta oo Meta ah ama Hooyo Distro ah iyo waxyaabaha ka soo jeeda ama ku saleysan iyaga waxaa jiri doona liis u gaar ah oo ka duwan Liisaska Meelaha lagu keydiyo, sidaa darteed waxaan kugu martiqaadayaa inaad ogaato oo aad nala wadaagto, adoo u maraya faallooyinkaaga.

Waxaan sidoo kale ku dari karnaa keyd gaar ah shaqsiyaadka qaar ka mid ah Distros sida DEBIAN, sida lagu muujiyey hoosta qoraalkan soo socda: Sida loogu daro keydka PPA ee DEBIAN.

Waxaan rajeynayaa inaad ka heshay maqaalkan oo uu ahaa mid waxtar leh, si aad ula wadaagi karto dhammaan shabakadahaaga bulshada isla markaana aad u dhiirrigeliso Barnaamijka Bilaashka ah iyo isticmaalka GNU / Linux.