Keydinta cinwaanada IP-ga wax walaac ah kuma jirin bilowga internetka. Shirkadaha qaar ayaa loo qoondeeyay / 8 (16 milyan oo cinwaan) ama / 16 (65536 cinwaanno) baloogyo inta badan dhaafey baahidooda dhabta ah.
Fikradda ku saabsan fasalka cinwaanka IP ee la adeegsanayay 1980-meeyadii iyo horraantii 90-meeyadii waxay dhalisay in laga faa'iideysto booska la heli karo, sida caadada u ahayd fasalka C (tiro ka kooban 256 cinwaan) ayaa loo qoondeeyay shabakad kaliya kumbuyuutaro kooban.
Markii ay badatay aaladaha mobilada iyo imaatinka IoT, dalabka cinwaanada sidoo kale wuu kordhay.
Sababtoo ah cinwaanada IPv4 waa xarig 32-bit ah, tirada cinwaanada loo heli karo cinwaanka IPv4 waa qiyaastii 4 bilyan.
Ku saabsan IPv4
Guud ahaan, waxaa jira 4,294,967,296 qiimayaal gaar ah, waxaa loo tixgeliyaa macnaha guud ahaan sida isku xigxigta 256 "/ 8", midkiiba "/ 8" oo u dhiganta 16,777,216 qiimaha cinwaanka gaarka ah.
Jihooyinkaas loogu talagalay adeegsiyo gaar ah, oo ay ku jiraan 16/8 baloog oo loo qoondeeyay in loogu isticmaalo xaaladaha badan, 16/8 baloog oo loo qoondeeyay isticmaalka mustaqbalka ee aan la cayimin, a / 8 (0.0.0.0/8) ee aqoonsiga maxalliga ah, a / 8 loopback (127.0.0.0/8) iyo / 8 ee isticmaalka gaarka ah (10.0.0.0/8) Baloogyada cinwaanada yaryar ayaa sidoo kale loo qoondeeyay adeegsiyo kale oo gaar ah.
Bishii Febraayo 2011, Hay'adda Lambarada Internetka Loo Qoondeeyay (IANA), oo kormeera qoondeynta caalamiga ah ee cinwaanada IP, waxay muujisay inay daashay 8 / meelood oo cinwaanada IPv4 ee Diiwaangelinta Internetka ee Gobollada (RIRs).
Kadib tartiib tartiib ah RIRs ayaa daalay saamiyadooda markooda. Waa Xarunta Macluumaadka ee APNIC Asia-Pacific Network oo u adeegta qaaradda Aasiya oo caddeysa, inta lagu jiro isla sanadkaas, inay ka baxsan tahay cinwaanka IPV4.
Waxay ahayd marki yurub (RIPE) ee 2012 inay dhamaato baloogyadu.
Oo kanu waa sida ay u iibiyeen
Tan iyo markaas, yurubiyanka RIR waxay cadeynayeen guryahooda ugu dambeeya ee cinwaanada IP / 8, iyagoo keenaya wadarta 16 milyan cinwaan.
Si tan loo sameeyo, LIRs (Diiwaanhayaha Internetka ee Maxalliga ah) wuxuu lahaan karaa kaliya hal soo-saariddii ugu dambeysay / 22 ee laga soo saaray tii ugu dambeysay / 8. Latin America iyo Kariibiyaanka (LACNIC) waxay gaareen xaddidooda Juun 2014.
Iyo bishii Febraayo 2017, LACNIC waxay u guurtay "wajiga 3", markii kaliya shirkadaha aan boos haysan. IPv4 ayaa loo oggolaaday inuu helo mid ka mid ah cinwaanada haray, kaas oo kaliya laga heli karo qaybta / 22.
Ugu dambeyntiina, Diiwaanka Mareykanka ee Nambarada Internetka ayaa la kulmay cinwaanadii ugu dambeeyay ee IPv4 bishii Sebtember 2015.
AFRINIC waxay ku qiyaaseysaa yaraanshaha baloogyadeeda IPV4 illaa Sebtember 2019.
Xitaa haddii cinwaannada qaar aysan adeegsanin hay'adaha qaarkood ama shirkadaha markii dambena dib loogu soo celiyey IANA, xaqiiqadu waxay tahay in beddelaad la helo si loo xalliyo dhibaatada daalka.
Warbixin shalay laga soo saaray xaaladda cinwaanka cinwaanka IPv4 ayaa si cad u muujinaya tan.
Ka dib qeybtii hore ee sanadkan, aaggii ugu dambeeyay ee liiska, oo ah Afrika, ma lahaan doono IPv4 cinwaanno kale.
Booska cinwaanka IPv6 wuxuu u taagan yahay mustaqbalka internetka
Nooca Protocol-ka Internetka ee 6 (IPv6) waa nidaam Lakab 3 OSI ah (Is-dhexgalka Nidaamyada Furan) borotokoollak aan xiriir lahayn.
IPv6 waa dhamaadka shaqada laga qabtay gudaha IETF ee 1990s si loogu guuleysto IPv4 iyo qeexitaankiisa ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyay RFC 2460 bishii Diseembar 1998.
IPv6 waxaa lagu jaangooyay RFC 8200 bishii Luulyo 2017. Iyada oo leh cinwaanno 128-bit ah halkii laga heli lahaa cinwaannada 32-bit, IPv6 waxay leedahay cinwaan aad uga ballaaran kan IPv4.
Tiradan badan ee cinwaanada Kuu ogolaanayaa dabacsanaan weyn xagga meeleynta cinwaanka iyo isu geynta wadooyin ka wanaagsan miiska marinka internetka. Iyadoo la adeegsanayo IPv6, balaayiin bilyan oo cinwaanno IP ah ayaa la heli doonaa.
Isticmaalayaasha qaar waxay rumaysan yihiin in IPv6 ay leedahay wax badan oo la bixiyo marka loo eego mugga cinwaanada.
Waxay rumeysan yihiin inay tani siin doonto shirkadaha kala-sooc weyn marka la aqoonsanayo taraafikada degellada ee shirkadaha kala duwan, xafiisyada, ama aaladaha.
Falanqeeyayaasha suuq-geynta waxay awood u yeelan doonaan inay si wanaagsan u bartaan macaamiishooda, faafiyaan khibrado deg deg ah oo shaqsiyeed, waxayna horseedi karaan beddelidda websaydh sare. Iyaga, markaan ka fikirno, IPv6 ayaa laga yaabaa inay tahay aaladda suuqgeynta ee ay shirkadaha filayaan.
Dhowrkii sano ee la soo dhaafay, in badan oo ka mid ah aagaggii hore u daalay barkadooda cinwaanka IPv4 iyo shirkadaha waaweyn qaarkood waxay bilaabeen u guurista IPv6.