Laga bilaabo baahida loo qabo in la abuuro LiveCD ii gaar ah oo aan xilliyo casriyeysan karo oo aan u habeyn karo wixii aan jeclahay, iyo ogaanshaha horumarka teknolojiyadda kombuyuutarka ee qaybta GNU / Linux, waxaan ogaaday baahida yar ee loo qabo in lagu rakibo barnaamijyo garaafyo dheeraad ah.
Thanks to la qaadi karo uma baahni doono inaan rakibo barnaamijyo maalin kasta la ii isticmaalo sida Gimp, Inskape, Blender, xitaa Libreoffice mararka qaarkood. Iyadoo aan barnaamijyadan lagu rakibin nidaamkeyga waxaan keydinayaa dhowr meg-bits oo ku jira software-ka iyo maktabadaha.
Qalabka gacanta ee loo yaqaan 'Linux' ayaa laga soo dejisan karaa bogga soo socda:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/portable/files
Xitaa waxay ka sameyn karaan la-qaadan karo barnaamijyadooda soo socda isla goobta:
- AppDirAssistant: Utility-ka in barnaamijyada lagu dejiyo, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la sii wado AppDirAssistant ka hor inta aan la rakibin barnaamijka la geynayo; software-ka noocaas ah lama rakibi karo kahor inta uusan shaqeynin AppDirAssistant.
- AppImageAssistant: Utility si loogu cadaadiyo qaab dhismeedka hal feyl oo is-fulin kara fayllada ay abuureen
Si aad u abuurto kombuyuutarrada gacanta ee qaar ka mid ah barnaamijyada horay loogu rakibay waxaad isticmaali kartaa barnaamijka soo socda:
Wixii 32 yara
https://github.com/downloads/pgbovine/CDE/cde_2011-08-15_32bit
Wixii 64 yara
https://github.com/downloads/pgbovine/CDE/cde_2011-08-15_64bit
Abuuritaanka qalabka gacanta lagu qaato ee habkan ma raadin doono ku-tiirsanaanta lagu rakibay nidaamkaaga hawlgalka, mana badbaadin doonto isku-habeynta galkaaga isticmaale illaa iyo in xiriir calaamadeysan laga dhex abuuro gudaha cde-root ama faylka cde.options-ka lagu muujiyo xariiq la mid ah tan:
iska indhatir_prefix = / guri
Markaan sidan aragno waxaan ogaaneynaa inaan soo dejin karno ama abuuri karno qalabka la qaadan karo ee aan dooneyno, iyadoo laga takhalusi doono baahida loo qabo in lagu rakibo barnaamijyo dheeri ah oo ka baxsan nidaamkayaga aasaasiga ah, sidaas darteedna aan u yareyno booskaaga markii aan abuureyno LiveCD noo gaar ah.
Horumarinta
Sida cinwaanku u leeyahay, waxaan arki doonaa sida loo abuuro LiveCD noo gaar ah oo xoq ah taas oo noo oggolaan doonta inaan ku rakibno codsiyada aan dooneyno inaan ka bilowno adoo rakibaya nidaamkayaga aasaasiga ah, waxaa jira dhowr siyaabood oo tan lagu gaari karo, midna iyadoo la adeegsanayo qaab qoraal ah oo la rakibayo iyada oo aan dhab ahaan la dhigin nidaamka garaafka iyo mid kale adoo adeegsanaya debootstrap, kiiskan ugu dambeeya ayaa ah midka aan kaga hadli doono buugan maxaa yeelay waxay noo ogolaaneysaa inaan nidaamkeena ka abuurno xoq iyadoo aan lahayn barnaamij dheeri ah nidaamka aasaasiga ah.
Haysashada nidaamka GNU / Linux, horeyba loo rakibay waxaan abuuri doonnaa qayb la cabbirkeedu yahay si loo rakibo nidaamka aasaasiga ah ee qeybta loo yiri, aan aragno tallaabo tallaabo ah sida loo abuuro nidaamkeenna aasaasiga ah ee leh dib u dhiska:
Tallaabada 1
Ku rakib debootstrap
# apt-hel rakib debootstrap
Tallaabada 2
Ku dhaji qaybta cusub ee / mnt
# buur / dev / sdax / mnt
Tallaabada 3
Ku rakib nidaamka aasaasiga ah qaybtaas:
Wixii 32 yara
# debootstrap --arch i386 qaybinta / mnt
Wixii 64 yara
# debootstrap --arch amd64 qaybinta / mnt
Qeybinta waa in loo badalaa magaca nooca GNU / Linux ee aan rabno inaan rakibno, feylashaan waxaa laga helayaa / usr / share / debootstrap / scriptsHaddii feylka ku jira magaca qeybinta ee ay isticmaali doonaan uusan jirin, si fudud u nuqul midka ugu dambeeyay ee magaca nooca cusub oo ku fur tifaftiraha qoraalka iyo halka cinwaanka websaydhka lagu muujiyay, u beddel midka cusub tusaale,
Aniga ayay igu dhacdaa in keydka laga soo dejiyo cinwaan kale oo aan laga soo qaadin bogga rasmiga ah, waan sameyn doonaa / usr / share / debootstrap / scripts Waxaan nuqul ka bixiyaa nooca ugu dambeeya ee tan, kiiskan waxaan isticmaalaa bakhaarka Ubuntu (Oneiric) ee ku jira galkaan laakiin cinwaanka soo dejintu wuu ka duwan yahay tan iyo markii uu ku yaal pc-kayga adag, waxaan fureynaa feylka
default_mirror http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
by
default_mirror file: /// wadada / to / repo / ubuntu
Haddii ay helaan wax ka badan hal xariiq oo leh qaabkan, waa inay iyaguna beddelaan.
Tallaabada 4
Waxaan ka beddeleynaa xididka shaqada barta hoose ee loo yaqaan 'chroot' oo waxaan sii wadnaa inaan ku rakibno softiweerka lagama maarmaanka ah hadba baahidayada.
- Beddelida Qafiska
# Mount -t proc none / mnt / proc # Mount -o bind / dev / mnt / dev
- Ku dhaji diskiga banaanka ee ku jira keydka
# mkdir / mnt / media / Disk-Name # mount / dev / sdax / mnt / media / Disk-Name # chroot / mnt
- Isla qafiskan ayaa tilmaamaya waa meelaha bakhaarrada lagu isticmaalo /etc/apt/source.list
nano /etc/apt/source.list
kiiskeyga oo ka socda pc-ga
deb file: /// media / Disk-Name / Oniric-Ocelot / mirror / ubuntu / oneiric main multiverse ihamọ xaddidan faylka deb file: /// media / Disk-Name / Oniric-Ocelot / mirror / ubuntu / oneiric-backports main multiverse faylka deynta adduunka ee xaddidan: /// warbaahinta / Magaca Disk-Magaca / Oniric-Ocelot / muraayad / ubuntu / oneiric-soo jeediyay faylka guud ee caalamiga ah ee xaddidan ee xaddidan: /// media / Disk-Name / Oniric-Ocelot / mirror / ubuntu / oneiric -nabadgelyada guud ee xaddidan xagjirnimada faylka deynta: /// warbaahinta / Disk-Name / Oniric-Ocelot / muraayad / ubuntu / cusbooneysiin-cusbooneysiinta faylka deynta caalamiga ah ee xaddidan oo badan: /// media / Disk-Name / Oniric-Ocelot / mirror / medibuntu / oneiric bilaash ah feyl deb ah: /// media / Disk-Name / Oniric-Ocelot / mirror / canonical / oneiric
Haddii aan adeegsanno habka soo jireenka ah ee bogga oo aan u isticmaalno cinwaan wakiil waxaan u baahan doonnaa inaan u sheegno inay u adeegsato wakiilkan isla qafiskan oo leh amarka soo socda:
# dhoofinta http_proxy = "http: // user: password@proxy.name.org: 3128" # export ftp_proxy = "http: // user: password@proxy.name.org: 3128"
Tallaabada 5
# apt-get update # apt-get upgrade # apt-get upgrade # apt-get dist-upgrade
Tallaabada 6
Ku rakib meelaha (luuqadaha)
# aptitude rakibi aagagga # dpkg-dib-u-habeynta aagagga # aptitude rakibi localepurge # localepurge
Tallaabada 7
Ku rakib nooca yar yar ee aan isticmaali doonno, tusaale:
# apt-hel rakibo GNU / Linux-image-3.0.0-14-generic depmod 3.0.0-14-generic user-setup
Tallaabada 8
Ku sii wad inaad rakibto softiweer muhiim u ah kabaha saxda ah ee nidaamka iyo abuurista xigta ee LiveCD.
# apt-get rakib aptitude grub2 sysGNU / Linux squashfs-tools casper archdetect-deb mkisofs genisoimage xorriso console-tools console-keymaps mc blkid kala tagay
Tallaabada 9
Abuur qaar ka mid ah feylasha qaabeynta muhiimka ah
# mcedit / iwm / shabakad / isku xirnaan
oo ku dar tan:
auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp
Tafatir faylka:
# mcedit / iwm / magaca martida
oo ku dar tan:
Magaca martida loo yahay
# mcedit / iwm / martida loo yahay
oo ku dar tan:
127.0.0.1 localhost Magaca Martida
Tallaabada 10
Abuur mtab iyo fstab faylka.
# grep -v rootfs / proc / mounts> / etc / mtab # grep / etc / mtab -e "/"> / etc / fstab
Fiiro gaar ah: Si looga fogaado khilaafaadka waxaa lagugula talinayaa inaad cinwaanka siisid diskka asalka u ah uuid, adoo amarka blkid waxaad kaheli kartaa uuid oo waxaad ku badali kartaa / dev / sdax in / etc / fstab gudaha qafiskan oo uuid ku jiro, tusaale ahaan haday tahay
/ dev / sda1 ku bedel UUID = uuid sidan: UUID = 476efe22-73ec-4276-915d-c4gga65f668b / ext3 khaladaad = remount-ro 0 0
Tallaabada # 11
Ku rakib jawiga garaafka-Ikhtiyaar haddii aadan u baahnayn inaad ku rakibto jawi garaaf leh.
# apt-hel rakib xserver-xorg-video-all xorg xserver-xorg
Tallaabada 12
Ku rakib buunshaha, haddii aynaan haysan wax xoor ah oo lagu rakibay qaybta boot-ka waxaan u samayn karnaa sida soo socota:
Haddii aanad haysan nidaam GNU / Linux ah oo horeyba loo rakibay, waxaan u socon doonnaa sida soo socota:
Waxaan ka baxnay qafiskii:
# bixitaanka # sudo grub-rakib --root-directory = / mnt / dev / sda
Waxaan ku laabaneynaa qafiska:
# chroot / mnt # cusboonaysiinta-grub
- Haddii ay dhacdo inaad haysato feyl gil hore loo rakibay, si fudud ayaan u saxeynaa feylka
Waxaan ka baxnay qafiskii:
# bixitaanka # cusbooneysiin-grub
Tallaabada 13
Waxaan rakibnaa jawiga desktop-ka aan doorbidno iyo sidoo kale maareeyaha kalfadhiga aan dooneyno. Xaaladdayda, waxaan rakibay jawiga desktop-ka e17 (iftiiminta) oo ay weheliso faylalka faylalka 'spacefm' oo sidaas ayaan ku abuuray LiveCD u gaar ah si aan u sameeyo nuqullo nuqul ah, sidoo kale waxaan ku daray barnaamijka debootstrap si aan ugu rakibo nidaamyadayda cusub ee hawlgalka si toos ah kaydinta u baahan tahay inaad isticmaasho LiveCDs kale ama rakibid qaab qoraal ah.
# apt-get rakib e17 e17-data gparted mtools testdisk aamin-tirtir qayb qayb gzip zip unzip tar pkill xterm
Waxaad dooran kartaa deegaanka desktop-ka ee dookhaaga, iyo sidoo kale dejimaha codsiyada la adeegsado.
Maamulaha kalfadhiga.
- Xaaladdan oo kale uma baahni maareeye fadhiga oo i weydiiya magaca iyo lambarka sirta maadaama ujeeddadiisu tahay in si toos ah loo bilaabo kal-fadhiga, tan awgeed waxaannu u abuureynaa feyl qoraal ah / iwm / startX
# taabasho /etc/init.d/startX # chmod + x /etc/init.d/startX
Ku nuqul faylkaan soo socda
#! / bin / sh. / lib / lsb / init-works PATH = / sbin: / bin: / usr / sbin: / usr / bin case $ 1 bilaw) echo "Bilaabida nidaamka garaafka" echo "Waxaad ka eegi kartaa LOG-ka / var / log / boot_x. qor "X: 0 1 >> / var / log / boot_x.log 2 >> / var / log / boot_x.log & DISPLAY =: 0 su root -c wacyigelin 1sted / / dev / null 2> / dev / null & ;; joojin) ku celcelinta "Joojinta dhammaan howlaha X" pkill X ;; *) echo "Ikhtiyaar aan ansax ahayn" ;; bixitaanka esac 0
Si aad ugu sheegto nidaamka inuu ku bilaabo feylkaan nidaamka waxaan ku fulinaa waxyaabaha soo socda qunsulka.
# cusboonaysiinta-rc.d startX gafafka 99
Tani waa in laga fogaado inaad isticmaasho maareeye daaqad kasta sida lxdm, gdm iyo kuwa kale.
Waxaan dib ugu cusbooneysiineynaa PC-ga rakibida cusub.
Sidaan ku tilmaamay rakib spacefm tan waxaan kala soo baxaa koodhka ilaha boggan.
http://spacefm.sourceforge.net/ (el fichero .tar.gz o .tar.xz) al disco de la maquina.
Waxaan rakibaa kuwa ku tiirsan barnaamijkan:
# apt-get rakib autotools-dev bash desktop-file-utils dhis-muhiim ah libc6 libcairo2 libglib2.0-0 libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-bin libpango1.0-0 libx11-6 wadaag-mime-info intltool pkg- config libgtk2.0-dev libglib2.0-dev fakeroot libudev0 libudev-dev
Waxaan laxiriirin file
tar -xf /path/file/spacefm.tar.xz cd / path / file / spacefm ./configure # make -s # make install # cusbooneysiin-mime-kayd / usr / maxalli / wadaag / mime> / dev / null # cusbooneysiin-desktop-database -q # gtk-update-icon-cache -q -t -f / usr / local / share / icons / hicolor # gtk-update-icon-cache -q -t -f / usr / local / share / icons / Faenza
Iyadoo tan, haddii aysan jirin wax dhibaato ah waxaan ku rakibi doonaa spacefm.
Tallaabada 14
Ku rakib remasterys.
Remastersys waxay ka heli karaan boggooda rasmiga ah http://remastersys.sourceforge.net/, laakiin waxaan kugula talinayaa inaad isticmaasho midka aad adigu ku lifaaqan si loo ilaaliyo iswaafajinta, maadaama aysan rakibineynin ama aysan ka saareyn wax codsi ah inta lagu gudajiro howsha abuurista LiveCD, sidoo kalena loo daayo qoraallo qaar si LiveCD loogu rakibo xasuusta USB-ga.
Soo dejiso remasterys oo rakib.
# dpkg -i / dariiqa/a/remastersys.deb
Tallaabada 15
Abuuritaanka LiveCD oo leh dib u habeyn.
Remastersys waxay leedahay 2 qaabab abuuritaan LiveCD ah, mid badbaadinaysa isku xirnaanta dhamaan isticmaaleyaasha iyo mid kale oo meesha ka saaraya dhamaan qaabeynta iyo diiwaangelinta isticmaale kale, taas oo ah waxa aan u baranay inaan ku aragno Ubuntu LiveCDs dhaqameed.
In la abuuro LiveCD oo keydisa goobahaaga.
# remastersys kaydinta
- In la abuuro LiveCD iyada oo aan la isticmaalin ama aan loo qaabeyn (Lagu taliyay).
# remastersys dist cdfs # remastersys dist iso custom.iso
Tallaabada 16
Ku rakibida wixii Debian LiveCD ah ama wax soosaarayaal lagu sameeyay dib u habeyn.
Marka hore xaqiiji in qaybtaada ay u calaamadeysan tahay mid lagu rakibayo gparted ama loo kala saaray sida soo socota:
# kala tag / dev / sdb set 1 boot on - Si aad u dhaqaajiso # kala tag / dev / sdb set 1 boot off - Si loo furo
- Waxaan ku rakibnay iso dvd-ka, ama haddii aad rabto qalabka USB sida soo socota (Dhammaan tani waa xidid):
mkdir -p / mnt / cdrom mkdir -p / mnt / usb mount -o loop / path / file.iso / mnt / cdrom mount / dev / sdbx / mnt / usb cp -r / mnt / cdrom / * / mnt / usb cp -r / mnt / cdrom / isoGNU / Linux / * / mnt / usb mv /mnt/usb/isoGNU/Linux.cfg /mnt/usb/sysGNU/Linux.cfg umount / mnt / usb umount / mnt / cdrom
# DIGTOONOW fiiri qaybinta qalabkaaga USB haddii qaybta aad rakibtay ay tahay / dev / sdb1 qaybta bootka waa in lagu rakibaa / dev / sdb
# cat /usr/lib/sysGNU/Linux/mbr.bin> / dev / sdb # sysGNU / Linux -install / dev / sdb1
Tallaabada # 16.1.
Marka hore waxaan ka bilaabaynaa LiveCD ama USB haddii aan xasuus ku hayno.
Haddii qeybaha loo baahan yahay sida isweydaarsiga (beddelka aagga) aan la abuurin, iyo sidoo kale qayb ka badan 1 GB ama ka badan oo ku xiran cabbirka livecd-ka.
Tallaabada # 16.2.
Ku dhaji qaybta loo abuuray / mnt
# fsck -a / dev / sdax # mount / dev / sdax / mnt
Tallaabada 16.3.
Nuqul dhammaan faylasha ku jira / galka galka / mnt
# cp -r / rofs / * / mnt
Fiiro gaar ah: waxaas oo dhan sida isticmaalaha xididka.
Tallaabada # 16.4.
Ku rakib burub
# grub-rakib --root-directory = / mnt / dev / sda
Tallaabada # 16.5.
Diyaarso nidaamka si aad si fiican u kabaha ku xirto.
Mount -t proc midna / mnt / proc Mount -o bind / dev / mnt / dev chroot / mnt update-grub
Tallaabada # 16.6.
Anigoon ka tagin qafiska loo yaqaan 'chroot qage' waxaan diyaarinaa feylasha muhiimka ah / iwm / fstab iyo / iwm / mtab
grep -v rootfs / proc / mounts> / etc / mtab grep / etc / mtab -e "/"> / etc / fstab
useradd -m -c "Isticmaalaha Maamulka" -G adm, admin, sudo, wadahadal, cdrom, plugdev, lpadmin, sambashare -d / home / user -s / bin / bash user
LOOGU TALAGALAY
Tan, hagitaankan ballaadhan laakiin fudud ayaa la dhammeeyaa, oo aad ku dhaqmi karto haddii aad rabto oo aad la wadaagto livecd-gaaga asxaabtaada, tayada dhammaan livecd / dvd waxay ku tiirsan tahay aqoonta isticmaalaha, hirgelinta tikniyoolajiyadaha cusub ee keydiya meel disk adag.
Sidaad u aragtay muhiim maahan inaad isticmaasho unetbootin si aad LiveCD ugu badasho usb live ah, hadaad isticmaasho spacefm waxaad heleysaa wax walboo aad ubaahantahay marka laga hadlayo arjiga garaafka, hadii aad badaleyso fiidiyowyada, feylasha maqalka ah iyo kuwa kale, waxaad u baahan doontaa oo kaliya barnaamijka sameeya xariiqda taliska oo samee ama soo dejiso shey si aad u qabato shaqooyinkan.
buuqaas oo dhan si loo abuuro cd? '? Waxaan u maleynayaa inay ka dhacday cd
Ma jirin degel ka dhigey mid debian cd nool? oO
Sidee buu u jahwareersan yahay nidaamkani dadka caajiska ah ee si fudud u gala live.debian.org oo u geeya USB
Aad buu u dhib badan yahay, kumbuyuutarkeyga kale waxaan ku isticmaalaa Dib-u-dhiska Xubuntu 13.04 waxaanan soo saaraa iso live cd-ga oo dhammaystiran iyo 13 min, oo ah nidaamka horey loogu rakibay oo loogu habeeyay barnaamijyada aniga xiisaha ii leh. Maanta, in ay jiraan keli keliyeyaal lagu gaari karo tan waa gebi ahaanba la canaanan karo, waxaa jira kuwa kale iyo siyaabo kale, laakiin wali wey adag yihiin sida kan lagu sharaxay qoraalkan.
Ama ugu yaraan, waxay samayn lahaayeen qoraal yar oo ku saabsan .sh oo arinka la xaliyo (xitaa waa la caawin karaa).
Hagaag, waxay ila tahay aniga buug aad u wanaagsan oo markaan waqti helo aan isku dayi doono.
Waxaa jiri kara habab dhaqso badan oo aad isla sameysid, laakiin waxaad baratay intaad socotid (malaha markii ugu horreysay ma imaan doono) waa wax aan qiime lahayn.
Waxay ila noqotay in kuwa aan meel walba dhigin lagula talinayo inay rakibaan ku-tiirsanaanta soo socota.
Accountservice apt-clone btrfs-tools console-setup cryptsetup dmidecode dmraid dpkg-repack ecryptfs-utils gconf2 gconf2-common gir1.2-atk-1.0 gir1.2-freedesktop gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0 gir1.2-gstreamer-0.10 gir1.2 .3.0-gtk-1.2 gir1.0-pango-1.2 gir2.4-maraq-1.2 gir1.0-timezonemap-1.2 gir2.90-vte-1.2 gir3.0-webkit-0 tilmaam-codsi kbd keyutils luuqad-xulasho- Laptop-ogaanshaha libaccountsservice1 libappindicator3 libappindicator1-0 libbsd0 libcap-ng2 libcap4-bin libdbusmenu-glib3 libdbusmenu-gtk4-4 libdbusmenu-gtk0 libdebconfclient1.0.0 libdmraid16.rc0g libg3g 0g -1 libgtk-0-2 libgtk-4-bin libgtk-3-common libgtop1-3 libgtop0-common libicu3 libindicator3-2 libindicator7 libiw2 libnss44-3d libp6-kit6 libpam-gnome-keyring libstartup-notification30 libtimezonemap3-1vtevte -11 -common libwebkitgtk-0-0 libwebkitgtk-1-common libxklavier2.90 lsof psmisc python-appindicator python-argparse python-libxml9 Python-pyicu Python-xklavier rd cunay reiserfsprogs rsync
Waan ogahay in hagahani uu noqon karo mid caajis badan, laakiin hadii aan heli karo cd-da noloshayda oo aan ka badnayn 215 MB waxaan doorbidayaa inaan dib u akhriyo tilmaamahan markale.
Aad ayaad u mahadsantahay
Nidaamku waa mid xiiso leh laakiin waxaad dooneysaa inaad noloshaada ku adkaato.
# apt-hel rakib-sixir nool
$ sixir
Dhowr guji waxaad haysataa CD-gaaga tooska ah ama USB-gaaga.
Waad ku mahadsantahay faahfaahinta, miyay u shaqeysaa wax Linux Linux ah? Xamaaliinta la qaadan karo miyaa lagu dhex ridi karaa toos shaqsiyeedkan mahadsanid
Macluumaad aad u fiican, waxaan horey u adeegsaday dib u habeyn kahor, si la mid ah waxaan u arkaa maqaalka mid aad u wanaagsan oo la sharaxay.
FIIRO GAAR AH: xiriiriyeyaasha soo degsashada remasterys ee aad daabacday si qalad ah ayey isugu xiran yihiin, waa inay dhahdaa https://blog.desdelinux.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/remastersys.zip
Waad ku mahadsantahay macluumaadka .. Isla markiiba waan saxnay xiriiriyaha.