Baokameli ba Window: Graphical User Interfaces bakeng sa GNU / Linux

Ho tloha qalong ea GNU / Linux, tšebeliso le phapang ea Lits'oants'o tsa Basebelisi ba Graphical (GUI) e fumanehang e ntse e hola. 'Me ka nako e ts'oanang, tlholisano e' ngoe e boetse e holile har'a basebelisi, ba bacha le ba nang le boiphihlelo, mabapi le hore na ke efe e ntle ka ho fetisisa hara likhetho tse ngata tse teng.

Leha ho le joalo, likhetho tsa hajoale li fumaneha ho tloha GUI bakeng sa GNU / Linux, ke hore Baokameli ba Window (Batsamaisi ba Windows - WM, ka Senyesemane) e tsebahala haholo kapa e tsebahala haholo, hangata e kopana ka har'a tse tsebahalang le tse felletseng Libaka tsa Desktop (Libaka tsa Desktop - DE, ka Senyesemane) ha tse ling tse ngata, hantle feela, empa mohlomong li sa tsejoe kapa li sa sebelisoe hangata li tla ka mokhoa o ikemetseng Tikoloho ea Desktop e tobileng.

Ha re hopoleng hore, lipakeng tsa Tikoloho ea Desktop le a Window Manager ho na le phapang e hlakileng ha ho buuoa ka a Sistimi e sebetsang ea GNU / Linux.

Pele ho tsohle, ho bohlokoa ho totobatsa boteng ba Sistimi ea Window ea X (X Windows, ka Senyesemane), which E nkuoa e le setsi se lumellang ho taka likarolo tsa lits'oants'o skrineng. Joalo, X Windows e fana ka ts'ehetso e lumellang motsamao oa lifensetere, litšebelisano le khiboto le toeba, mme e hule lifensetere. 'Me sena sohle sea hlokahala bakeng sa desktop efe kapa efe e hlakileng.

Re na le sena kelellong, re ka utloisisa hantle hore ke Mookameli oa fensetere le a Tikoloho ea Desktop.

Mookameli oa fensetere

Ke sekhechana sa selotho se laolang ho beoa le ponahalo ea lifensetere. Mme hoo ho hloka X Windows ho sebetsa empa eseng ho tsoa ho Tikoloho ea Desktop, ea foromo e tlamang. Mme ho latela ArchLinux Official Wiki, karolong ea eona e nehetsoeng ho «Batsamaisi ba Windows«, Tsena li arotsoe ka mefuta e meraro, e latelang:

• Stacking: Tseo li etsisang ponahalo le tšebetso ea Windows le OS X, ka hona, laola lifensetere joalo ka likotoana tsa pampiri ho desktop, tse ka pakiloeng e le ngoe holim'a e 'ngoe.
• Ho taka: Ba mofuta oa "mosaic" moo lifensetere li sa keneng, le moo hangata ho nang le ts'ebeliso e pharalletseng haholo ea liqhoqhoane tsa keyboard, mme ho sa itšetleha haholo ka ts'ebeliso ea toeba ho fumanoa.
• Matla: Tse u lumellang hore u fetole moralo oa lifensetere lipakeng tsa litlolo tsa mosaic kapa tse sesa.

Tikoloho ea desktop

Ke elemente kapa sistimi e kopaneng haholo ho feta Window Manager. Mme ka hona e hloka ka bobeli X Windows joalo ka Window Manager, ho sebetsa. Ke ka hona hangata ba kenyelletsang tsa bona le / kapa ho sebelisa e le 'ngoe kapa tse fetang tse ikemetseng tsa WM ho sebetsa hantle.

Ntle le moo, ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore a Tikoloho ea Desktop ka kakaretso e kenyelletsa pokello ea likopo tse hokahaneng ka thata hore lits'ebetso tsohle li tsebane joalo ka ts'ebeliso ea mofuta phanele (taskbar) e nolofalletsang ts'ebetso e itseng joalo ka ho beha tse nyane likarolo (li-widgets) bakeng sa ketso e potlakileng kapa tlhaiso-leseling molemong oa ho ntlafatsa boiphihlelo ba mosebelisi.

Haeba ho joalo, u batla ho tseba haholoanyane ka file ea Libaka tsa Desktop, re khothaletsa ho lekola litlatsetso tse latelang tse fetileng:

• GNOME
• KDE Plasma
• XFCE
• Cinnamon
• molekane oa
• LXDE
• LXQT
• Ho tebileng, Pantheon y Budgie
• Boraro-bo-bong le Moksha
• KUI

Baokameli ba Window khahlanong le Libaka tsa Desktop

Mabapi le Tikoloho e Ikhethileng ea Desktop

1. Metacity: Ho tsoa ho GNOME
2. Mutter: Ho tsoa ho Shell ea GNOME
3. KWin: Ho tloha KDE le KDE Plasma
4. XFWM: Ho tloha XFCE
5. Muffin: Ho tloha ka sinamone
6. Marco: Matte
7. TebilengWM: Ho tloha Deepin
8. Gala: Ho tloha Pantheon
9. BudgieWM: Ho tloha Budgie
10. UKWM: Ho tsoa UKUI

Ikemetseng ka tikoloho e itseng ea Desktop

1. 2BWM: https://github.com/venam/2bwm
2. 9WM: https://github.com/9wm/9wm
3. AEWM: http://freshmeat.sourceforge.net/projects/aewm
4. Morao-rao: http://afterstep.org/
5. WM e makatsang: https://awesomewm.org/
6. BerryWM: https://berrywm.org/
7. Lebokose: https://github.com/bbidulock/blackboxwm
8. BSPWM: https://github.com/baskerville/bspwm
9. Byobu: https://byobu.org/
10. Ngola: http://www.compiz.org/
11. CWM: https://github.com/leahneukirchen/cwm
12. DWM: http://dwm.suckless.org/
13. Tsebo: http://www.enlightenment.org
14. BobeWM: https://github.com/nikolas/evilwm
15. EXWM: https://github.com/ch11ng/exwm
16. Lebokose la Flux: http://www.fluxbox.org
17. FLWM: http://flwm.sourceforge.net/
18. VWF: https://www.fvwm.org/
19. Moholi: http://www.escomposlinux.org/jes/
20. Herbstluftwm: https://herbstluftwm.org/
21. I3WM: https://i3wm.org/
22. IceWM: https://ice-wm.org/
23. Ion: http://freshmeat.sourceforge.net/projects/ion/
24. JWM: https://joewing.net/projects/jwm/
25. MatchBox: https://www.yoctoproject.org/software-item/matchbox/
26. Metisse: http://insitu.lri.fr/metisse/
27. Musca: https://github.com/enticeing/musca
28. MWM: https://motif.ics.com/
29. OpenBox: http://openbox.org/wiki/Main_Page
30. Pekwm: https://github.com/pekdon/pekwm
31. PlayWM: https://github.com/wyderkat/playwm
32. Qtile: http://www.qtile.org/
33. chefo: http://www.nongnu.org/ratpoison/
34. Sawfish: https://sawfish.fandom.com/wiki/Main_Page
35. Sebono: https://github.com/conformal/spectrwm
36. Moea: https://github.com/ValveSoftware/SteamOS/wiki/steamcompmgr
37. StumpWM: https://stumpwm.github.io/
38. Tsoekere: https://sugarlabs.org/
39. SwayWM: https://swaywm.org/
40. TWM: https://www.x.org/releases/X11R7.6/doc/man/man1/twm.1.xhtml
41. QetellongWM: http://udeproject.sourceforge.net/
42. VTWM: http://www.vtwm.org/
43. wayland: https://wayland.freedesktop.org/
44. Wingo: https://github.com/BurntSushi/wingo
45. WM2: http://www.all-day-breakfast.com/wm2/
46. WMFS: https://github.com/xorg62/wmfs
47. WMX: http://www.all-day-breakfast.com/wmx/
48. Window Moetsi: https://www.windowmaker.org/
49. WindowLab: https://github.com/nickgravgaard/windowlab
50. Xmonad: https://xmonad.org/

Qetello

Re tšepa sena "poso e nyane ea bohlokoa" ka «Gestores de Ventanas», e seng e sebelisitsoe kahare kapa kantle ho «Entorno de Escritorio», ke hore, ka tsela e itšetlehileng kapa e ikemetseng ea e 'ngoe ea tsena, e khahla haholo ebile e thusa, bakeng sa eona kaofela «Comunidad de Software Libre y Código Abierto» le tlatsetso e kholo ho haseng ha tikoloho e ntle, e kholo le e ntseng e hola ea lits'ebeliso tsa «GNU/Linux».

Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi, se ke oa lula u tsilatsila ho etela efe kapa efe Laebrari e fumanehang Inthaneteng e le OpenLibra y jedit ho bala libuka (li-PDF) ka taba ena kapa tse ling libaka tsa tsebo. Hona joale, haeba u ratile sena «publicación», u seke oa emisa ho e arolelana le ba bang, ho Liwebosaete tseo u li ratang haholo, liteishene, lihlopha kapa sechaba ea marang-rang, haholo-holo e lokolohile ebile e bulehile joalo ka Mastoni, kapa e sireletsehileng le ea lekunutu joaloka thelekramo.

Kapa etela feela leqephe la rona la lehae ho Ho tlohaLinux kapa ikopanye le Channel ea semmuso Telegraph e tsoa ho DesdeLinux ho bala le ho voutela ena kapa lingoliloeng tse ling tse khahlisang ka «Software Libre», «Código Abierto», «GNU/Linux» le lihlooho tse ling tse amanang le «Informática y la Computación», le «Actualidad tecnológica».